Why it is important?

Do you know your “nyms” ?

Synonym - same Antonym - opposite Autoantonym – means two things that are

opposites Capitonym – means something different when

capitalized Eponym – a word derived from a name Heteronym – spelled the same, pronounced

different, has a different meaning Hyponym – a word with a more specific

meaning than another Mononym – a one word name Meronym

Hyponym –Waterfall

A-1

Toponym - Capital of Turkey

B-1

Heteronym – To give deference Used w/a ViolinC-1

Eponym – A scheme to defraudD-1

Antonym – Cacophony

A-2

Heteronym -To Actively Place (v)Golf termB-2

Capitonym – Country or Bird

C-2

Autoantonym –MurderousCheerfully optimisticD-2

Mononym –Mrs. Sonny BonoA-3

EponymEl SalvadorB-3

Synonym – Extraneous C-3

Meronym –Concave & ConvexD-3

Autoantonym –To adhereTo cut apart

A-4

Capitonym -Liturgical Function orPhysical property of matterB-4

Antonym -Surreptitious

C-4

Hyponym – Syntax

D-4

Meronym - Past & Future

A-5

Synonym – Inept

B-5

Mononym –Eva Braun’s HusbandC-5

Toponym - Effervescent WineFrom FranceD-5

Hyponym – Niagara FallsBridal Veil Falls

Toponym - Ankara - Angora

Heteronym -Bow

Eponym -Ponzy Scheme

Antonym -Quite, peaceful

Heteronym - putting

Capitonym -Turkey

Autoantonym –sanguine

Mononym -Cher

Eponym - The Savior, Christ

Synonym -Irrelevant

Meronym -Flat

Autoantonym –Cleave

Capitonym -Massmass

Antonym –ClandestineSneaky

Hyponym -Grammar,Intonation

Meronym -Present

Synonym –IncompetentClumsy

Mononym –Hitler

Toponym - Champagne

Every communication situation has at least eight components: A TRANSACTION in which a (1) sender

(2) encodes a (3) message in some (5) context and sends it through a (4) channel to a (6) receiver who (7) decodes it and reacts (8 effect).

Sender ◦ Source

The person who communicates with another person through symbolic actions◦ Written◦ Spoken◦ Signs◦ Gestures

Encoding the process of creating a discourse or text

that another person will later decode.

Message a string of symbols with a beginning and an

end

Context the experiences, past or present, that

provide the circumstances in which events (including symbolic actions) occur◦ Contexts are the experiences, physical or virtual,

past or present, which the author and audience need to share for communication to be effective along with the times and places that inform communicative situations.

Channels◦ Spoken◦ Written

Others?

Decode the process of interpreting a discourse or

text that another person has encoded

Effect effect is the result of all eight components

combined because they are "embedded" in the message

Frames◦ Perspectives◦ Topography of your mind◦ Reference points◦ Mutually Shared?

Mind Mapping – ◦ A mind map is a diagram used to represent

words, ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea.

Mind Mapping – ◦ A mind map is a diagram used to represent

words, ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea.

DOG

Mind Mapping – ◦ A mind map is a diagram used to represent words,

ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea.

DOG

Pavlov

Hunting

Pet

Working

sheds

Breed

MeatPolice dog

Retriever

Dirty

Lab Animal

Cultural

Poodle

Guide dog

SPCA

BBQ Trained

Idioms◦ An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be

determined by the literal definition of the phrase itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use.

Idioms◦ An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be

determined by the literal definition of the phrase itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use.

◦ An idiom is generally a colloquial metaphor— a term which requires some foundational knowledge, information, or experience, to use only within a culture where parties must have common reference.

Idioms◦ An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be

determined by the literal definition of the phrase itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use.

◦ An idiom is generally a colloquial metaphor— a term which requires some foundational knowledge, information, or experience, to use only within a culture where parties must have common reference.

◦ Idioms are part of the language, more importantly they are part of the culture.

English Idiom – Equivalent

Translation Pashto Idiom

د يو چا پښه پۀC پايڅه کې بندېدل

پرپزه مچ نۀC پرېښودل

بېلول ډانګ پۀ اوبۀ

لور پۀC لوټه تېرۀC کول

غږېدل خيټې مړې لۀ

ۍپۀC غوړيو کې خول غورځېدل

ښکر پۀC ښکر کېدل

اوبۀC لۀC سره تېرېدل

English Idiom – Equivalent

Translation Pashto Idiom

One’s own foot is stuck in one’s pants[to be busy with one’s own problems]

د يو چا پښه پۀC پايڅه کې بندېدل

Not to let a fly on one’s nose[to get angry quickly; not to tolerate anything]

پرپزه مچ نۀC پرېښودل

To separate water with a bat[to attempt to do something impossible]

بېلول ډانګ پۀ اوبۀ

To sharpen the sickle with a mud crumbles[to make up false excuses in order to get out of an obligation]

لور پۀC لوټه تېرۀC کول

To talk with full stomach[not to have empathy; to be detached from the reality]

غږېدل خيټې مړې لۀ

One’s hat falls into oil[to hit a fortune]

ۍپۀC غوړيو کې خول غورځېدل

To become horn to horn[to engage in a fight] ښکر پۀC ښکر کېدل

Water rises above one’s head[to be too late to (take action)] اوبۀC لۀC سره تېرېدل

English Idiom – Equivalent

Translation Pashto Idiom

Go it alone One’s own foot is stuck in one’s pants[to be busy with one’s own problems]

د يو چا پښه پۀC پايڅه کې بندېدل

Fly off the handle, blew his top, Not to let a fly on one’s nose[to get angry quickly; not to tolerate anything]

پرپزه مچ نۀC پرېښودل

Thread a camel through the eye of a needle, make a silk purse out of a sows ear, get blood from a turnip

To separate water with a bat[to attempt to do something impossible]

بېلول ډانګ پۀ اوبۀ

Talk in circles, To sharpen the sickle with a mud crumbles[to make up false excuses in order to get out of an obligation]

لور پۀC لوټه تېرۀC کول

Heart of stone, To talk with full stomach[not to have empathy; to be detached from the reality]

غږېدل خيټې مړې لۀ

Hit the jackpot, sitting pretty, the world is my oyster,

One’s hat falls into oil[to hit a fortune]

ۍپۀC غوړيو کې خول غورځېدل

Lock horns, duke it out, lay into them, catch a fade,

To become horn to horn[to engage in a fight] ښکر پۀC ښکر کېدل

Put it on ice, string them along, Water rises above one’s head[to be too late to (take action)] اوبۀC لۀC سره تېرېدل

Resources:

Communication as a Cognitive Science Project

http://c-cs.us/ABOUT/%60about.html

English Idioms Beginning with ‘A’ http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/

idioms/a.html