Why have Ethnicities Been Transformed into Nationalities? Key Issue 2.
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Transcript of Why have Ethnicities Been Transformed into Nationalities? Key Issue 2.
Nationality
• Identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country.
• Unlike ethnicity, to be of the same nationality you practice this connectedness through voting, getting a passport and participating in civic duties
• Every U.S citizen shares the same nationality although may racially ethnically different.
Ethnic-Nation Clash
• Nationality is important as it unites people under a government.
• To categorize people by place of origin helps to document emigrants and immigrants.
• If people were classified by ethnicity, rather than nation, as many would prefer, this could/has lead to great conflict.
Nation State-Review
• Through self-determination there are ethnicities that have been transformed into nationalities.
• Out of this concept a Nation-State was born. • Where the ethnic and cultural values of
people also share a territory on earth. • Territory reflects ethnicity.
No perfect nation state
• With globalization and immigration it is far to difficult to truly be a nation state, with the exception of maybe Japan.
• When you are then forced to unite people not under the shared cultural values but rather under the collective government, Nationalism is born.
Nationalism
• Centripetal and Centrifugal forces!• Loyalty to a nation- a physical place-• U.S.A= #1!!!!• Being American!
What makes people loyal to a nation?
• Media• We believe what we hear • gov’t influences news. –some worse than
others• Flags and songs• negativity towards others• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pjliE37E
NY
Multiethnic/Multinational States
• More than one ethnicity that contribute to the whole of the culture of the nation- Belgium
• More than one recognized ethnicity with traditions of self determination but agree to coexist peacefully while recognizing their own nationalities.– UK
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNu8XDBSn10
• What holds them together? SPORTS! FIFA!!!!
Other Multi-National States
• Former Soviet Union –1991• Made up of 15 republics and based on the 15
largest ethnicities. • Other small ethnicities were not given rank
and power • When the Soviet Union fell, these republics
became 15 independent states.
Russia as a Multinational State
• 39 ethnicities are recognized as nationalities inside Russia.
• 20% of ‘Russians’ are not Russian. • The occupy border areas and speak non-Indo
European languages.
Chechnya
• There are a number of independent movements because Russian is less forceful in holding these groups together than the Soviet Union was.
• Chechnya is one example. • Chechens are Sunni Muslims who declared
independence after the 1991 fall but Russia needs them for their rich natural resources---petroleum
• https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chechnya,+Russia/@43.2429394,45.7419021,6z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x4051d57c9d13b971:0x7faadc5dead7e13b
Revival of Ethnic Identity
• These conflicts in the former republics demonstrate the strength that ethnicity has over nationality.
• Karl Marx said Nationalism was created by the people in power to control those who labored for the country.
• But it is Ethnicity that is more powerful than nationality.
Ethnicity and Communism
• Communism was used to snuff out ethnic identity.
• The communist government of Bulgaria banned the Turkish language and Islamic religious rituals in an effort to unite citizens under a governmental model rather than a cultural one.
• People were ‘encouraged’ through centripetal forces to promote the communist agenda. Media and art.
Rebirth of Nationalism in Eastern Europe
• After the fall of the Soviet Union, majority ethnicities were given the opportunity to create nation-states BUT those who were minority ethnic groups were scattered throughout the newly formed nation states.
• These minorities fought to establish sovereign nation states of their own.
• The fall of Yugoslavia.