Why a Feminist Cartography? - vidensportal.deic.dk · Why a Feminist Cartography? Speculative...
Transcript of Why a Feminist Cartography? - vidensportal.deic.dk · Why a Feminist Cartography? Speculative...
Why a Feminist Cartography? Speculative figuration as a way forward in controversy mapping
Visualisering af Data i humanistisk og samfundsvidenskabelig forskning og undervisning
December 2, 2015!!!
Brit Ross WinthereikMarisa Leavitt Cohn
LAB
Challenges posed by big data
• how ‘big’ is data if we want to know about social dynamics?
• From mapping to way-finding
• From data as found objects to data as phenomena in need of re-contextualization
Ursula LeGuin’s Sur
“The backside of heroism is often rather sad;
women and servants know that. They know also that the heroism
may be no less real for that. But achievement is smaller than men think. What is large is the
sky, the earth, the sea, the soul.”
Mediated Visions
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) Draftsman Making a Perspective Drawing of a Woman, 1525. Etching.
DSSOH
JRRJOH
JRRJOH�JODVV
�WHFK
#WKLQJVBLQWHUQHW
�P�P
#IRUEHV
�WHFKQRORJ\
SHRSOH
�VHFXULW\
SULYDF\�GDWDSURWHFWLRQ
�KHDOWKGDWD
�ELJGDWD
#SULYDF\LQKHDOWK
�E\RG
VHFXULW\
QLJKWPDUH
ZHDUDEOH�KHDOWK�WHFKQRORJ\
SULYDF\�QLJKWPDUH
KHDOWK�FDUH�GUHDP
SULYDF\�LVVXHV
�PKHDOWK
FRQFHUQV
LQWHQVLILHG�VHFXULW\
EXVLQHVV
#ZRUNORDGLQQRY�XNJODVV�KDV�DUULYHG
SULYDF\�ZRUULHV
QHHG
�KHDOWK
�VPDUWKRPH
EDFNODVK�JRRJOH�JODVVFULWLFLVP
�KHDOWKFDUH
�LQIRVHF
LQGXVWU\
�F\EHUVHFXULW\
�VPDUWZDWFK
EUDYH�QHZ�ZRUOG
FRQVXPHU�SDUDGLVH
IULGJH
WKLQJV�HUD
16$
#GDWDFXUWDLQ
#IRUEHVWHFK
SULYDF\�H[SHUWV
SULYDF\�H[SHUWV�ZRUU\
H[SHUWV
�ILWQHVV
�TXDQWLILHGVHOI
GHPDQG�YV�SULYDF\ZHDUDEOH�WHFKQRORJ\�GHEDWH
ZHDUDEOHV
GDWD
DQGURLGLI\
DQGURLGWY
DQGURLGZHDU
DXJPHQWHGUHDOLW\
FORXG
GLJLWDOFORWKLQJ
JODVVURRWV
JRRJOH
JRRJOHJODVV
JRRJOHJODVVEDVHFDPS
KHDOWK
LQER[LQQRYDWLRQV
LRW
LZDWFK
MDSDQ
NLFNVWDUWHU
ODVLNOGFRQI
PHGLFDO
QH[XV�
Q\F
RFXOXVULIW
ULQJ
VPDUW
VPDUWJODVVHV
VPDUWSKRQHVPDUWULQJ
VPDUWZDWFK
VWDUWXS
VWDUWXSV
WHFK
WKHULQJ
WKURXJKJODVV
XELWHFK
ZHDUDEOHV
ZHDUDEOHWHFK
@googleglass#glassholes
syd mead
apple
@fastcodesign
@ctrlzee
apple watch
#wearabletech
#glasshole
glasshole
social etiquettemanual
google glass
glassholes
mashable
#throughglass
#google @googleglassgram
#storymakers2014
@techsoup
@suzboopcool
epson#augmentedreality#smartglasses
@epson
#techweeknwi
@slippy_jake#nwindiana
#techgood thing?
@things_internet
#iot
#m2m
movie theaters
#aiea
#wearable
@domobot_au
#glass
@benoit_anger
gareth
18 hoursgot addicted
@forbes
#dses
google glasses
addiction
@katefrost_inc
@clemchambers
#technology
#gadgets
people
duck shirtcreepy glassholemishkilaiz
@tomemrich
@linguistnow@fo
@boon_yap
@theregister
@iotguide
Looking Through Google Glass
DSSOH
JRRJOH
DPD]RQ
FKLQD
LQVWDJUDPPLFURVRIW
VLPRQ
NLQGOH
FKDUOHV�DUWKXU
\RXWXEH
FRQVXOWDQWTXLFN�EXUVW
WHFKQRORJ\�WHDP
ELJ�SUREOHP
JRRJOH�SOD\
SDUWQHU
ULJKW�WKLQJ
SRLQW
FRPSDQ\
QHZ�\RUNQLFH�JX\
PRPHQW
QHZ�\RUN�WLPHV
PRXQWDLQ�YLHZ
VLUL
VHDUFK�FRPSDQ\
JRRJOH�[�ODE
QHZ�ZD\
EOHHGLQJ�HGJH
UHOHDVH�GDWH
FHOO�SKRQHV
HQJLQHHUVOLIH
GRXEW
VKDUH
VWHYH�PDQQ
DQGURLG
ZL�IL
EOXHWRRWK
KHDG�PRXQWHG�GLVSOD\V
KHDG�PRXQWHG�GLVSOD\
JHQHUDO�FRQVXPHU�PDUNHW
HDUO\�XVHUV
YLGHR�FDPHUD
H[WUD�GDWD
PRELOH�FRPSXWLQJ
PRELOH�GHYLFHV
VDQ�IUDQFLVFR
PRELOH�GHYLFH
JODVV
YLUWXDO�ZRUOG
GHYHORSHU
SLQWHUHVW
LQIRUPDWLRQ
NLPLKLUR�KRVKLQR�DIS�JHWW\�LPDJHV
JRRJOH�L�R
H[FLWLQJ�DQQRXQFHPHQWV
SK\VLFDO�ZRUOG
XVHU�LQWHUIDFHV
UHSUHVHQWDWLYH
UHDO�WLPH�LQIRUPDWLRQ
GDLO\�OLYHV
DSSV
KDQGV
DFFHVV
FRQVXPHUV
GHYLFH
GLUHFWLRQVEXVLQHVVHV
YLVLRQ
IXWXUH
DQQRXQFHPHQWV
SRWHQWLDO
UHSRUWHU
WH[W�PHVVDJHV
WKH�DVVRFLDWHG�SUHVV
JODVVHV
JRRJOH�L�R�FRQIHUHQFHLQWHUQHW�FRQQHFWHG�JODVVHV
DQQXDO�GHYHORSHU�FRQIHUHQFH
DVVRFLDWHG�SUHVV
GRZQWRZQ�VDQ�IUDQFLVFR
SHRSOH
FRQVXPHU�YHUVLRQ
GULYHUOHVV�FDUV
ZHDUHU
WLQ\�SURMHFWRU
L�R�FRQIHUHQFH
UHOHYDQW�LQIRUPDWLRQ
FXUUHQW�LQFDUQDWLRQ
DUWKXU�PRQGD\
VRQ\
KHDGV�XS�GLVSOD\V
WLPHPLQLDWXULVDWLRQ
H\HV
ULJKW
DFWLYLW\
OHQVHV
FRPSDQLHV
HPDLO
SHEEOH
PDVVDFKXVHWWV
ODV�YHJDV
LQWHO
ERVWRQ
PLFURVRIW�VXUIDFH�SUR
FHV
VPDUW�ZDWFK
VDPVXQJ
OJ
UDP
PRELOH�PDUNHW
SUREOHP
SULFH
HED\
FDOLIRUQLD
VHDUFK�JLDQW
PRELOH�RSHUDWLQJ�V\VWHP
PRELOH�SKRQH
ODUU\�SDJH
RSHUDWLQJ�V\VWHP
JRRJOH�JODVV�KHDGVHW
DQGURLG�PRELOH�RSHUDWLQJ
VPDUWSKRQHV
QHZ�JODVV
WHG�FRQIHUHQFH
WHG�DXGLHQFH
QHZ�YHUVLRQ
EHVW�JXHVV
FKLHI�H[HFXWLYH
QHZ�\RUN�VXEZD\
ZHDUDEOH�JODVVHV
VPDOO�VFUHHQ
ELJJHVW�SUREOHP
EDWWHU\�OLIH
ZRUOG
RKLR
ORV�DQJHOHV
DQGURLG�SKRQH
SULFH�WDJ
GDWD�FRQQHFWLYLW\
GRXJODV�HQJHOEDUW
HULF�VFKPLGW
MRKQ�QDXJKWRQ
FKDLUPDQ
FRPSXWHU�VFLHQFH
VRIWZDUH�GHYHORSHU
XQLYHUVLW\�RI�WRURQWR
DOOHJUL�UHXWHUV�MRKQ�QDXJKWRQ
QHZ�\RUN�IDVKLRQ
GLDQH�YRQ�IXUVWHQEHUJ
JRRJOH�VHDUFKHV
ULJKW�KDQG�DUP
SHULSKHUDO�YLVLRQ
JRRJOH�
RDNOH\
RIILFLDO
�LILKDGJODVV
RQOLQH�FRPSHWLWLRQ
HDUO\�VWDJHV
YRLFH�UHFRJQLWLRQ
ILQDQFLDO�WLPHV
DVLD
JHQHUDO�VDOH
VPDUW�SKRQH
SODQV
LQWHUQHW
ZHGQHVGD\
SURGXFW
ILWELW
QLNH�
UHDO�WLPH
HGLWRU
IRRG�FRQVXPSWLRQ
GDLO\�OLIH
QHZ�SURGXFWV
ILWQHVV�WUDFNLQJ
KXJH�EHQHILWVVPDUWSKRQH�DSS
DSS�GHYHORSHUV
QRW�WRR�GLVWDQW�IXWXUH
VXFFHVV
WHUPVDQGURLG�PDUNHW
KROO\ZRRG
VFKPLGW
SU�FKDUOHV�DUWKXU
DSSOH�LQVLGHU
GDWD�FROOHFWLRQJRRJOH�PDSV
ZULWHUEXVLQHVV�PRGHO
UHJLRQDO�GLIIHUHQFHV
DGV
PRQH\
H[DPSOH
WHFKQRORJ\�VHFWRU
LQWHUQHW�VHDUFK
SDULV
QLWLQ�EKDV
IDVW�IRRG
MXQLSHU�UHVHDUFK
DQDO\VW
JRRJOH�JODVV�VSHFWDFOHV
QHZ�ZDYH
XVHIXO�VHUYLFH
KHDUW�UDWH
VSHFWDFOHV
J\PV
PHDVXUH
KHDOWK
ILWQHVV
GHYLFHV
FKDUOHV�DUWKXU�FKDUOHV�DUWKXU
HXURSH
IHGHUDO�WUDGH�FRPPLVVLRQ
FKLHI�WHFKQRORJ\�RIILFHU
RN�JODVV
DUWKXU�ZHGQHVGD\
SHUVRQDO�GDWD
SULQFLSDO
UHXWHUV
JRRJOH�VWDII
ELJ�TXHVWLRQ
VPDUWSKRQH
FRXUVH
RZQHU
IRXUVTXDUH
EODFNEHUU\
SKRQH�FDOOV
SUHVFULSWLRQ�OHQVHV
YLHZ
EDFNODVK
FRQWHQW
ZRUGV
SLFWXUH
OLQH
WHFKQRORJ\
GDUSD
DUWLILFLDO�LQWHOOLJHQFH
JODVV�JRRJOH�JODVV
KXPDQ�OLIH
EDUULHU
GDWD
LGHD
VWHYH�OHH
UREHUW�VFREOH
VHDWWOH
LSDG
QHZ�GHYLFHV
WHVWHUV
YLGHRV
VRIWZDUH�GHYHORSHUV
PRELOH�SKRQHV
FORXG
UHXWHUV�FKDUOHV�DUWKXU
YLGHR�UHFRUGLQJ
IURQW�IDFLQJ�FDPHUD
MHPLPD�NLVV
ODWHVW�JDGJHW
DQGUHZ�NHOO\�UHXWHUV
SDLU
IRRWDJH
IULHQG
\HDK
OLYHV
MD\�IUHHPDQ
GHVNWRS�FRPSXWHU
SURJUDPPHU
DQGURLG�GHYLFHV
JRRJOH�VSRNHVSHUVRQ
UHG�OLJKW
DYHUDJH�FRQVXPHU
VRIWZDUH
ZLOOLDPVEXUJ
VHJZD\
ZLOOLDPVEXUJ�KLSVWHUV
QHZ�JDGJHW
WHFK�HOLWH
VXSHU�SRZHUV
HDUO\�DFFHVV
DFFRXQW
YLGHR�XVHU�JXLGH
VDOH
FFWY
DXJPHQWHG�UHDOLW\�GHYLFH
PDVV�PDUNHW�SURGXFW
JHQHUDO�UHOHDVH
YRLFH�FRPPDQGV
JRRJOH�PDS
DQGURLG�GHYHORSHU
QRUPDO�VSHFWDFOHV
ZL�IL�QHWZRUN
JRRJOH��SDJH
GDWD�FRQQHFWLRQ GRPLQLF�UXVKH
YLGHR
SURMHFW
SLFWXUHV
FDUROH�FDGZDOODGU
VHWK
VHDUFK�HQJLQH
VN\SH
EODGH�UXQQHU
WZHHWV
NOHLQHU�SHUNLQV�FDXILHOG
VWXDUW�GUHGJH
VLOLFRQ�YDOOH\
LQWHUQHW�DFFHVV
DPHULFD
LRV
LQGLD
UXVVLD
VPDUWSKRQH�XVHUV
LQWHUQHW�XVHUV
FRQJUHVV
ZDVKLQJWRQ
ZL�IL�QHWZRUNV
WH[DV
SULYDF\�DGYRFDWHV
JRRJOH�HDUWK
QLNH
LSRG
GDWDEDVHV
IULHQGV
VWHYH�MREV
RUDFOH
JPDLO
JRRJOH�L�R�GHYHORSHUV
LQWHUQHW�JLDQW
RYHUOD\LQJ
SHEEOH�ZDWFK
VWDWXV�XSGDWHV
HPDLOV
��V
WLWOH
QXPEHU
DFWLRQV
VWDWH
EHQ�PHWFDOIH
H[HFXWLYH�FKDLUPDQ
WXPEOU
DIULFD
JODVV�H\HZHDU
QHZ�ZD\V
VFKRRO�WHDFKHUV
EORJ�SRVW
WLP�FRRN
SDQGRUD
VSRWLI\
FHR
VHW�WRS�ER[
HQGHUV�DQDO\VLV
EHQHGLFW�HYDQV
WKH�ELJ�WKUHH
WHOHFRPV WD[�DYRLGDQFH
WY�VHW�WRS�ER[
VKDUH�SULFH
QHZ�KDUGZDUH
WHFKQRORJ\�HGLWRU
ORQGRQ
WHFKQRORJ\�FRQIHUHQFHV
ZLGHU�UDQJH
EULVWRO
H[HFXWLYH
RQOLQH�VHUYLFHV
PDUNHWLQJ�GLUHFWRU
VRIWZDUH�XSGDWHV
JRRJOH�JODVV�SURGXFW
SHUVRQDO�LQIRUPDWLRQ
DFWLYH�SDUWLFLSDQWV
MDSDQ
L]YHVWLD
FLVFRWUDGHPDUN�ILOLQJV
FKDUOHV�DUWKXU�PRQGD\
ZDOO�VWUHHW�MRXUQDO
YLUWXDO�UHDOLW\
WKH�KRXVH
QRUPDO�SHRSOH
ERQH�FRQGXFWLRQ
ZURQJ�ZD\
GHOLYHU\�GULYHUV
DYHUDJH�SHUVRQ
ODFN
XVHV
MDZERQH
YLFH�SUHVLGHQW
PRWRUROD
GLUHFWRU
ELJ�FRPSDQLHV
VHOI�GULYLQJ�FDUV
VFLHQWLVWHQJLQHHU
JRRJOH�UHDGHU
KXPDQ�EHLQJV
WKH�GHDO
PRWRUROD�PRELOLW\
ORQJ�OLVW
VSHFLDO�SURMHFWV
QHZ�SURGXFW�FDWHJRU\ XVHU�H[SHULHQFH
ELJ�LPSDFW
VHDUFK�EXVLQHVV
UHDO�ZRUOG
PDUNHWV
ULVN
HPSOR\HHV
VXVDQ�PROLQDUL
PDUF�URJHUV
ZLUHOHVV�QHWZRUNV
SURIHVVRU
PXOWLSOH�GHYLFHV
URJHUV
VHWK�ZHQLJ�DS
QHZ�JRRJOH�JODVV
FXSHUWLQR
WRQ\�IDGHOO
GLJLWDO�PXVLF
FXSHUWLQR�FRPSDQ\
ZHDUDEOH�V\VWHPV
VPDUWSKRQH�PDUNHW
DQGURLG�SKRQHV
SHZ�SHZ�SHZ
DPDQGD�URVHQEHUJ
LPDJHV�VWXDUW�GUHGJH
FRPPHQWV�VHFWLRQ
VRIWZDUH�XSGDWH
KHDG�PRXQWHG�GHYLFH
LPDJH�UHFRJQLWLRQ
DXVWUDOLD
JGN
DQGURLG�VGN
JODVV�GHYHORSPHQW�NLW
DQGURLG�DSSV
RIILFLDO�JODVV�GHYHORSPHQW
L�R�GHYHORSHU�FRQIHUHQFH
JODVV�H[SHULHQFH
DSL�OHYHODZHVRPH�LGHDV
GHYHORSHUV
SHUIHFW�H[SHULHQFH
\RXQJHU�SHRSOH
GHODZDUH
ZHVW�YLUJLQLD
JRRJOH�JODVV�XVHUV
LQWHUQHW�FRQQHFWHG�H\HZHDU
QHZ�LVVXHV
DWWHQWLRQ
JODVWRQEXU\
KDUULHW�JLEVRQH
QHZ�MHUVH\
EEF
OLWWOH�ELW
HYHQW
VWDQIRUG�XQLYHUVLW\
QDVD
FKDLUPDQ�HULF�VFKPLGW
JHQHUDO�SXEOLF
WKLQJ
JRRJOH��SURILOH
PHDQWLPH
PDUNHWLQJ�PDQDJHU
KRQJ�NRQJ
JHUPDQ\
KXPDQV
VSDFH
DSS�VWRUH
YLUWXDO�NH\ERDUG
VHULHV�DXV�QDWLRQDO�VHFXULW\�DJHQF\
MHPLPD�NLVV�MHPLPD
QDWLRQDO�VHFXULW\�DJHQF\
PRELOH�DSSV
RQOLQH�DFWLYLW\
KHDOWK�DSSV
KHDOWK�LQVXUDQFH
VKXW�GRZQ
XVHU�LQWHUIDFH
GLIIHUHQW�ZD\V
ZZGF�HYHQW
EXVLQHVV�PRGHOV
JRRG�GHVLJQ
F\ERUJV
TXHVWLRQ
SUREOHPV
QHHGV
OX[RWWLFD
\RXQJ�DGXOWV
EDOOPHU
FKULVWPDV
VPDUW�ZDWFKHV
ILWQHVV�WUDFNHUV
JDOD[\�JHDU
SUHVFULSWLRQ�IUDPHV
ZHDUHUV
KRPH
DXVWLQ
WHOHSDWK\
LEP
VRQ\�ZDONPDQ
VWRU\
QHZ�JHQHUDWLRQ
IDYRXULWH�ZHEVLWHV
JRRG�ZD\
QHZ�SHUVSHFWLYH
KXPDQ�EUDLQ
EORRG�SUHVVXUH
VLPSOH�IDFW
FKROHVWHURO�OHYHOV
EUDLQ
VRIWZDUH�HQJLQHHU
PDUN�]XFNHUEHUJ
NH\�IDFWRU
PHOERXUQHGDWD�PLQLQJ
JPW�MXPS
FHFLOLD�DEDGLH
ZLOOLDP�FRQFLGLQH
DWWRUQH\
VDQ�GLHJRRIILFHU
VDQ�GLHJR�IUHHZD\
GLHJR�WUDIILF�FRXUW
JODVV�GHYLFH WY�VFUHHQ
PRELOH�WHFKQRORJ\
OHQRYR
MXOLHWWH�JDUVLGH
DVWUR�WHOOHU
PRWRUROD�VDOH
DPD]LQJ�QHZ�SURGXFWV
PRELOH�LQGXVWU\
SHUVRQDO�FRPSXWHU
VH[
JRRJOH�JODVV�EDVHFDPS
JRRJOH�JODVV�IUDPHV
ZHDUHU�ORRN
KDQG
DPFMDFN�U\DQ
PRWLRQ�SLFWXUH�DVVRFLDWLRQ�RI�DPHULFD
WKHIW
FROXPEXV
FLQHPD�FKDLQ�DPFPRWLRQ�SLFWXUH�DVVRFLDWLRQ
VKDGRZ�UHFUXLW
KRPHODQG�VHFXULW\�RIILFHUVJODVV�ZHDUHU
QHZ�SLHFH
DOH[�KHUQ
VDPXHO�JLEEV
FRQVXPHU�HOHFWURQLFV�VKRZ
QHZ�\HDU
FRQVXPHU�HOHFWURQLFV
EXVLQHVVZHHN
VQDSFKDW
SULYDF\
QHZ�DSSV
MRXUQDOLVWV
DJULFXOWXUH
QRNLD
SOD\VWDWLRQ��
KWF
SV�
WHVFR
DVXV
HOHFWURQLF�GHYLFHV
�G�SULQWLQJ
VWHYH�EDOOPHU
SDZHO
SHUPLVVLRQ
RFXOXV�ULIW
KDQG�JHVWXUHV
EORRPEHUJ
GLJLWDO�GLYLGH
GLJLWDO�WHFKQRORJ\
KXJH�SRWHQWLDO
VPDUW�JODVVHV
WLPH�PDJD]LQH
DVVDXOWDSSOH�WY
VDOHV
YLUJLQ�DWODQWLF
IRRWEDOO
DQGURLG�VRIWZDUH
XSSHU�FODVV�SDVVHQJHUV
JODVV�KHDGVHW
DQGURLG�ZHDU
JHQHUDO�PDQDJHU
ZRUN
ZHE
SULPH�WLPH
ZHDUHUȋ�´V�H\H
VDUDK�MHVVLFD�SDUNHU
YRLFH�FRPPDQG
YRQ�IXUVWHQEHUJ�VSULQJ�VXPPHU
FXUUHQW�IRUP
VDUDK�VORFXP
NRGDNUHFRUG�YLGHR
EHWV
VDPXHO�JLEEV�WKH�JXDUGLDQ
SURWRW\SH�IRUP
DQGURLG�VPDUWSKRQH
SLQWHUHVW�VKDUH
KDUYDUG
EDWWHU\�SDFN
YLUWXDO�UHDOLW\�KHDGVHW
KDQGV�IUHH�DFFHVV
OLPLWHG�QXPEHU
QHZ�ERRN
NLOOHU�DSS
UHDVRQV
OHJLVODWRUV
IXWXUH�LQWHUQHW
VSHFLHV
VHUYLFHV
KHDGV�XS�GLVSOD\
DW�D�JODQFH�LQIRUPDWLRQ
JODVVZDUH
JRRJOH�JODVV�XN
JRRJOHȋ�´V�DQGURLG
JXDUGLDQ�FRQWHQW
L�R
ILOPV
QHWIOL[
SURMHFW�ORRQ
UHVW
JRRJOH�HQJLQHHU
VPDUWZDWFK
WDEOHWV
GLIIHUHQFH
WDEOHW�FRPSXWHUV
EHUOLQ
DGYHUWLVLQJ�FRPSDQ\
YLGHR�JDPH
LQWHUQHW�DGGLFWLRQ
LQWHUQHW�DGGLFWLRQ�GLVRUGHUJRRJOH�JODVV�ZLWKGUDZDO
SDWLHQW
QDY\�SDWLHQW
VXEVWDQFH�DEXVH
YLGHR�JDPHV
DJHQF\
XN
XVD
ZHDUDEOH�WHFKQRORJ\
LSKRQH
JRRJOH�JODVV
VHUJH\�EULQ
FKDUOHV�DUWKXU
JODVV�H[SORUHU
H[SORUHU�SURJUDPPH
JRRJOH�JODVV�XVHU
JRRJOH�JODVV�SURWRW\SH
SKRWRJUDSK
HDUO\�DGRSWHU
IRXQGHU
XVHU
UHVHDUFKHU
ZHDUDEOH�JDGJHW
ZHDUDEOH�GHYLFH
ZHDUDEOH�FRPSXWLQJ
JRRJOH�JODVV�ZHDUHUV
ULJKW�H\H
H\H�PRYHPHQW
DXJPHQWHG�UHDOLW\�JODVVHV
DXJPHQWHG�UHDOLW\�DSSV
DXJPHQWHG�UHDOLW\
SULYDF\�SROLF\
ELSDUWLVDQ�SULYDF\�FDXFXV
SULYDF\�FRQFHUQV
SULYDF\�VFDQGDO
QHZ�WHFKQRORJ\
WHFKQRORJ\�LQGXVWU\
WHFK�JLDQW
WHFK�FRPSDQ\
SDUNLQVRQV�GLVHDVH
ZLQGRZV
WKH�JXDUGLDQ
HX
JRRJOH�JODVV�SURMHFW
VRFLDO�PHGLD
IDFLDO�UHFRJQLWLRQ
EXLOW�LQ�FDPHUD
FDPHUD
DJDUZDO�V�N�DJUDZDO�P�
DKPDG�V�D�
DOEUHFKW�X��Y�
DQJ�P�F�
DVVDG�NRWWQHU�F� DW]RUL�P�
EDODDP�P�
EDR�[�
EREHWK�M�
EROGW�U�
ERSSDUW�V�D�
EURQVWHLQ�P�
EXOOLQJ�D�
FDLUH�U�
FKDQJ�S�K�
FKHQ�M�
FKHQ�]�
FKLX�W��K�
FKR�M�Z�
FKRL�M�X�
FKRXGKXU\�U�U�
FRUWD]DU�E�
GDL�M�
GDLEHU�I�
GDV�S�N�
GH�FRQLQFN�H�
GHQJHO�D�
GHVHUQR�W�P�
GHVVL�D�
GHXWVFK�V�
GKRHGW�E�
GLDV�H�
GLQJ�K�
HWWLQJHU�P�
IHQJ�V�
IHQJ�W�
ILQLQ�W�
ILUWK�S�J�
IRXOVKDP�W�
IULW]�J�
IULW]�P�
IXNXPRWR�P�
IXQN�P�
JDWHV�N�
JXLPDUDHV�D�U�
KD�N�
KDJHPHLHU�O�
KDQQLJ�D�
KD\DVKL�K�
KHQ]H�Q�
KRIPDQQ�D�
KVX�Z�K�
KX�F�
KX�Z�
KXDQJ�O�
KXL�S�
KZDQJ�D�G�
LQJHOELQFN�W�
LVKLPDUX�V�
MRQDV�V�
MRVKL�D�
MXO�H�
NLQJVWRQH�D�
NLVH�N�
NOLQWVFKDU�P�
NORQRII�G�F�
NRK�G�
NXEOHU�M�
NXHEOHU�M�
NXONDUQL�V�U�
NXQ]H�N�
NXR�\��K�
ODFKHU�P�
ODGVWDWWHU�V�
OHH�K�
OLQ�K�
OLQJ�T�OLX�S�
OLX�\�
ORGURQ�J�
OX�[�
OXNRZLF]�S�
OXOH\�S�
PD[LD�D�
PD\HU�K�
PFQDQH\�U�
PHQD�H�
PLQD]XNL�D�
PL]XNRVKL�P�
PRGDN�W�
PRQUR\�J�O�
PXHQVWHUHU�R�M�
PXQHWRPR�P�
QDVLRSRXORV�H�
QHODNXGLWL�V�
QHXVFKPLHG�K�
QJ�N�Z�
QJX\HQ�H�
QRODQ�U�P�
Q\D\DSDWKL�Q�
RK�N�Z�
ROLYLHU�S�
R]FDQ�D�
SDOHWWD�O�
SDSSDFKDQ�S�
SD\GDN�K�
SHGHUVHQ�L�
SHOL�H�
SHQJ�K�
SHUH]�G�J�SIHLIIHU�P�
SIOHJLQJ�E�
SLOODL�S�
SROLDNRY�L�
SRZHOO�F�
SV]HLGD�P�
TL�O�
UHQ�M�
ULFKWHU�Z�
ULVNR�H�I�
URJJHQ�G�
URPDQR�EHUJVWURP�M�
VDIDYL�V�
VDQWQHU�N�
VDVNH�E�
VDW\DQDUD\DQDQ�P�
VFKDOO�D�
VFKOXHWHU�P�
VFKPLGW�D�
VFKURGHU�G�
VFKZDU]�P�
VKDQJ�V�
VKDR�S�
VKHOWRQ�U�O�VKHPRQVNL�Q�G�
VKL�Z�
VKXNXU�]�
VLPNLQ�P�
VLPRHQV�S�
VRURV�J�
VSHQFHU�U�M�
VSUHFNHOVHQ�F�
VWHLQGHFNHU�H�
VWHO]HU�U�
VX�\��F�
VXQ�T�
WKDOOLQJHU�J�
WVFKHOLJL�P�
WXUDQ�P�
YDOOXUXSDOOL�V�
YDQ�ODHUKRYHQ�N�
YDQ�ZLMPHHUVFK�M��I�
YHUEHOHQ�W�
YHUYXVW�W�
YLQHV�M�
YRQ�MDQ�X�
ZDKDE�D�Q�D�
ZDQJ�K�
ZDQJ�M�
ZDQJ�P�
ZHOOHU�W�
ZHQJ�Z�
ZHQSHQJ�P�
ZHSSQHU�M�
ZRQJ�D�
[LDR�\�
[LH�\�K�[X�M�
[X�O�
[X�U�
\HK�F��\�
\X�\�
\XV�U�
]DQLROR�F�
]KDQJ�S�
]KDQJ�V�
]KDQJ�\�
]KDQJ�]�
]KDR�[�
]KDR�\�
]RHOOHU�F�
�G�LQIRUPDWLRQ
�G�PDS
DFFHVV�FRQWURO
DFWLYLW\�UHFRJQLWLRQ
DQHVWKHVLD
DWWHQWLRQ
DXJPHQWHG�UHDOLW\
DXJPHQWHG�UHDOLW\�LQ�KHDOWKFDUH
DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ
DXWRSV\
EOLQN�IUHTXHQF\
EUDLQ�FRPSXWHU�LQWHUIDFH
EXGJHW�H\H�WUDFNLQJ
FDUERQ�QDQRWXEH
FOLQLFDO�SDWKZD\
FORXG�FRPSXWLQJ
FORXG�RIIORDG
FORXG�DVVLVWHG�DQDO\VLV
FORXGOHW
FRJQLWLYH�KXPDQ�URERW�LQWHUDFWLRQ
FRORULPHWULF�VHQVRU
FRPSRVLWH�\DUQ
FRPSXWHU
FRPSXWHU�DGRSWLRQ
FRPSXWHU�VXSSRUWHG�FROODERUDWLYH�VSRUWV
FRPSXWHU�YLVLRQ
FRQWHQW�KLGLQJ
FRQWHQW�YHULILFDWLRQ
FRQWH[W�DZDUHQHVV
FRQWUDVW�HQKDQFHPHQW
FULPH
FURZG�VRXUFLQJ
F\EHU�IRUDJLQJ
GDWD�SULYDF\
GHQDWXULQJ
GLDEHWHV
GLIILFXOW�DLUZD\
GLJLWDO�KXPDQLWLHV
GLJLWDO�OLIH
GLPHQVLRQ�UHGXFWLRQ
GLVSOD\
GLVWDQFH�PHWULF�OHDUQLQJ
GLVWULEXWHG�FDPHUDV
GRFXPHQWDWLRQ
H�ZDVWH
HPRWLY�HHJ
HQHUJ\�HIILFLHQF\
HQHUJ\�VWRUDJH
HQWHUSULVH�GUP
H[HUFLVH�PRWLYDWLRQ
H\H�PRYHPHQWV
H\HZHDU�FRPSXWLQJ
ILEHU�VKDSHG
ILHOG�WULDO
ILUHZDOO
IORDWLQJ�SRLQW�QXPEHU
IOXRUHVFHQFH�LPDJLQJ
IRUHQVLF�PHGLFLQH
IXWXUH�RI�H\H�WUDFNLQJ
IXWXUH�WHFKQRORJ\
JD]H�UHFRYHU\
JRJJOH�JODVV
JRYHUQPHQWDO�VHFXULW\
JUDSK
KDQGV�IUHH�LQWHUDFWLRQ
KHDG�PRXQWHG�GLVSOD\
KHDG�PRXQWHG�VHQVRU
KHDG�PRXQWHG�GLVSOD\V
KHDOWKFDUH
KLJK�GLPHQVLRQDO
KLY�WHVWLQJ
KPG
KRPRPRUSKLF�HQFU\SWLRQ
KXPDQ�DWWHQWLRQ
KXPDQ�DWWHQWLRQ�DQDO\VLV
KXPDQ�FRPSXWHU�LQWHUDFWLRQ
KXPDQ�IDFWRUV
LFW
LHHH�LQWHUQDWLRQDO�V\PSRVLXP�RQ�ZHDUDEOH�FRPSXWHUV
LPDJH�VHQVRU
LPSURYHPHQW
LPX
LQGRRU�ORFDWLRQ
LQIRUPDWLRQ�UHWULHYDO
LQIUDUHG�SUR[LPLW\�VHQVRU
LQQRYDWLRQ
LQWHOOLJHQW�YLGHR�V\VWHP
LQWHUQDO�VHFXULW\
LQWHUQHW
LQWHUQHW�RI�WKLQJV
LQWXEDWLRQ
LVZF
NH\�PDQDJHPHQW
ODWHUDO�IORZ�LPPXQRFKURPDWRJUDSKLF�DVVD\V
ORFDWLRQ�UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
ORZ�YLVLRQ
PDQLIROG�OHDUQLQJ
PDSSLQJ
PDWFKLQJ
PDWHULDO�FXOWXUH
PHGLD�ZDVWH
PHGLFDO�FDUH
PHGLFDWLRQ�GRFXPHQWDWLRQ
PHGWHFK
PLFUR�GHYLFH
PLFURIOXLGLF�FKLS
PRELOH�FORXG�FRPSXWLQJ
PRELOH�FRPSXWLQJ
PRELOH�GHYLFH
PRELOH�KHDOWK
PRELOH�LPDJH�FODVVLILFDWLRQ
PRELOH�LQWHUDFWLRQ�KHDW�PDSV
PRELOH�XVHU�LQWHUIDFH
PRELOLW\
QHWZRUN�LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV
RSWLFDO�FRKHUHQFH�WRPRJUDSK\
SDJHUDQN
SDUNLQVRQV�GLVHDVH
SHGLDWULF�VXUJHU\
SHUYDVLYH�FRPSXWLQJ
SK\VLFDO�VHFXULW\
SK\VLRORJLFDO�PHDVXUHPHQWVSOXJ�DQG�SOD\
SROLF\�VKDULQJ
SRVWKXPDQLVP
SRVWPRUWHP�H[DPLQDWLRQ
SULPDU\�FDUH�PHGLFLQH
SULYDF\
SULYDF\�DZDUH�SLFWXUHV
SUREOHP�VROYLQJ
SURVWDWH�VSHFLILF�DQWLJHQ��SVD��WHVW
TXDOLWDWLYH
UDQGRP�ZDON
UDSLG�GLDJQRVWLF�WHVW�UHDGHU
UHDO�ZRUOG�VHDUFK
UHDOLW\�VHDUFK
UHFRPPHQGHU�V\VWHP
UHFXUVLRQ
VHDUFK�HQJLQH
VHPDQWLF�ZHE�VHDUFK
VHUV
VNLOOHG�ZRUNHUV
VODP
VPDUW�SKRQH
VPDUWSKRQH
VPDUWSKRQHV
VRFLDO�SUHVHQFH
VSU
VXUJLFDO�QDYLJDWLRQ
VXUJLFDO�UHVHFWLRQ�PDUJLQ
VXVWDLQDELOLW\
WHOHPHGLFLQH
WH[WLOH
WKRXJKW�FRQWUROOHG�FRPSXWLQJ
WUL]
XELTXLWRXV�FRPSXWLQJ
XELTXLWRXV�FU\SWRJUDSK\
XVDEOH�VHFXULW\
XVHU�DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ
XVHU�VWXG\
YLGHR�UHFRUGLQJ
YLGHR�VXUYHLOODQFH
YLUWXDO�PDFKLQH
YLUWXDO�PDFKLQHV
YLUWXDO�SUHVHQFH
YLUWXDO�UHDOLW\
YLUWXDOL]DWLRQ
YLVLRQ�HQKDQFHPHQW
YLVLRQ�UHKDELOLWDWLRQ
YLVXDO�DWWHQWLRQ
YLVXDO�ILQJHUSULQWLQJ
YLVXDO�WRROV
YLVXDOL]DWLRQ
YRLFH�SURFHVVLQJ
ZDWHUPDUNLQJ
ZHDUDEOH
ZHDUDEOH�DG�KRF�QHWZRUNV
ZHDUDEOH�FDPHUD
ZHDUDEOH�FRPSXWHUV
ZHDUDEOH�FRPSXWLQJ
ZHDUDEOH�WHFKQRORJ\
ZHDUDEOHV
ZHEFDP�WUDFNLQJ
ZLJ
DGDPV�V�
DOL�P�D�
EDLOH\�M�
EDUL�D�J�
ERVVHZLWFK�M�
FOHPHQW�D�
GHQQLV�N�
IHUHQERN�M�
IHUQEDFN�M�
IRWK�P�
IXQJ�M�
JDQDVFLD�M��J�
JRHUW]HO�W�
JRUGLMQ�E�
KHLNNLQHQ�W�
MDFTXHPDUG�W�
MRKQVRQ�D�
NHUU�L�
NRZDOVNL�P�
NUDPHU�P�D�P�
OR�U�
OXXVXD�D�
PDQQ�V�
PFSKDLO�E�QRYLW]N\�S�REUROFKDLQ�I�
REULVW�P�
RMDOD�W�
UDWWR�P�
UHSRQHQ�H�
UHVFK�J�
VDWFKHOO�F�
VLQQUHLFK�D�
VPHDWRQ�D�I�
WDQHQEDXP�M�
WDQHQEDXP�N�
WRXPH\�F�
YDQ�EXXUHQ�M�
ZHQ]�N�
ZLOOLDPV�D�
ZX�K�
\OLSXOOL�M�
�QRQ�FRPSOLDQFH
DOLEL�VRXVYHLOODQFH
DSSOLHG�HWKLFV
DXGLWDXGLWRU
DXJPHGLDWHG�UHDOLW\
DXJPHQWHG�UHDOLW\
ELJ�GDWD
EORJV
FDUSH
FDWRSWLFRQ
FFWY
FLWL]HQ�MRXUQDOLVP
FLWL]HQ�PHGLD
FRPSXWHU�PHGLDWHG�UHDOLW\
FRPSXWHU�YLVLRQ
FRPSXWHUV�DQG�VRFLHW\
FRQFRPLWDQW�FRYHU�DFWLYLW\
FRQWLQXRXV�DUFKLYDO�UHWULHYDO
FRXQWHU�VXUYHLOODQFH
FRXQWHUWHUURULVP
FULWLFDO�PDNLQJ
FURZGVRXUFHG�YHLOODQFH
FURZGVRXUFLQJ
F\EHUQHWLF�VRFLDOLVP
F\ERUJ�ORJJLQJ
F\ERUJORJ
GDWD�YLVXDOL]DWLRQ
GLJLWDO�H\H�JODVV
GLJLWDO�WHFKQRORJLHV
HTXDOLW\
HTXLYHLOODQFH
H\H�WDS
H\HWDS
IDFHERRN
IUHHJODVV
IXWXUH�RI�DL
JDPLQJ�FRPPXQLW\
JOREDOLVDWLRQ
JORJJLQJ
JXHUURULVP
KDFNLQJ
KDUGZDUH
KHDOWK�FDUH
KLVWRU\�RI�DL
KXPDQ�ULJKWV
K\EULG�LQWHOOLJHQFH�DVVHPEODJHVLGHQWLW\
LQIRUPDWLRQ�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�WHFKQRORJ\
LQIRUPHG�FRQVHQW
LQIRVSKHUH
LQWHOOLJHQFH
LQYHUVH�VXUYHLOODQFHMHQQLFDP
MHQQ\FDP
OLIH�JORJJLQJ
OLIHORJ
PDQQJODV PHGLDWHG�UHDOLW\
PHGLFDO�GLDJQRVWLFV
PHPRU\
PRELOH�SKRQHV
PRELOH�VHUYLFHVPRELOH�WHFKQRORJLHV
QDQR�SDQRSWLFRQ
QDQRVHQVRUV
QDQRWHFKQRORJ\
QHZ�PHGLD
RSHQ�GDWD
RYHUVLJKW
SDQRSWLFLVP
SDQRSWLFRP
SDQRSWLFRQ
SDUWLFLSDWRU\�MRXUQDOLVP
SDWLHQW�SDUWLFLSDWLRQ
SHUVRQDO�H[SHULHQFH�FDSWXUH
SHUVRQDO�H[SHULHQFHV
SHUYDVLYH�FRPSXWLQJ
SHUYHLOODQFH
SROLWLFDO�IRUPV
SRVW�GHPRFUDF\
SULYDF\
SULYDWLVDWLRQ�RI�LQWHOOLJHQFH
SXEOLF�GLVSOD\V
TXDQWLILHG�VHOI
UHDVRQDEOH�H[SHFWDWLRQ�RI�SULYDF\
VDIHW\
VHFXULW\
VHFXULW\�UHVHDUFK
VHOI�VXUYHLOODQFH
VPDUW�PREV
VRFLDO�LPSDFW
VRFLDO�LVVXHV
VRFLDO�IDFWRUV
VRIWZDUH
VRIWZDUH�VWXGLHV
VRXVYHLOODQFH
VRXVYH\
VXUYHLOODQFH
VXUYHLOODQFH�SULYDF\
VXUYH\
WHFKQRORJ\�DVVHVVPHQW
WHUURULVP
WKHRU\FUDIWLQJ
WRXFK�VFUHHQV
WUDQVSDUHQF\
XELTXLWRXV�FRPSXWLQJ
XQGHUVLJKW
XUEDQ�LQIRUPDWLFV XUEDQ�VFUHHQV
XVHU�SDUWLFLSDWLRQ
XVHU�JHQHUDWHG�FRQWHQW
YDQQHYDU�EXVK
YHLOODQFH
YLGLW
ZHDUDEOH�FRPSXWLQJ
ZHE����
ZHEFDPPLQJ
ZHEORJ
DWWHQWLYH�XVHU�LQWHUIDFHV
QRWLILFDWLRQ
VKHOO�M�V�YHUWHJDDO�U�FRQWH[W�DZDUH�FRPSXWLQJ
H\H�WUDFNLQJ
Controversy or Beta Controversy?
Kristian Elkjær HolmboeSara Nielsen TugcuSuzie Duncan BendixTrine Kragh-Pedersen