“Who was Jesus?”. Mark attempts to show: Although Jesus should have been received with honor as...
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“Who was Jesus?”
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Mark attempts to show:Although Jesus should have been received with
honor as God’s Son, he was destined to die a humiliating death to pay for humankind’s wrongdoing
Jesus was often misunderstoodJesus wanted to keep his identity as God’s Son
a secret to those who didn’t believe him
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Jesus’ cousin, born 6 months before Jesus Fulfills a prediction
made by the prophets Malachi and Isaiah, “I am sendng my messenger ahead of you…the voice of one crying out in the wilderness…”(Mark 1:2-3).
Prophet who baptized in Jordan River, proclaiming the coming of the Messiah “The one who is more
powerful than I is coming after me…I have baptized you with water; but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit” (Mark 1:7-8).
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Her stepfather, Herod, asked her to dance for him at a banquet and promised her anything in return
Prompted by her mother (Herodias), who had been angered that John the Baptist criticized her marriage (to her husband’s brother), Salome asked for his head (Mark 6:16-29)
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Caravaggio, 1573-1610Canvas, 361 x 520 cmOratory of Saint John’s Cathedral, Valletta (Malta)
The Beheading of John the Baptist, 1608
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Bartholomaus Strobel,
1591-1650
Oil on canvas, 280 x 952 cm
The Beheading of St. John the Baptist and the Banquet of Herod, c. 1630-1633
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Most scholars believe Jesus’ ministry of teaching and miracle working spanned about three years, divided into the following periods:Period of InaugurationPeriod of PopularityPeriod of Opposition
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Ministry began in Nazareth (Jesus’ hometown)Jesus rebuked the people of Nazareth for not
believing he is the Messiah“Prophets are not without honor, except in their
hometown, and among their own kin, and in their own house” (Mark 6:4).
Jesus moved to CapernaumLocated on major trade routes around the Sea
of Galilee
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Jesus chooses his 12 disciples “to be with him always”12 = number of tribes to make up Israel
(represent the totality of Israel)Choices significant for understanding the
intended scope of Jesus’ ministryIndicates the inclusiveness of his vision of the
kingdom of GodDeliberately chose people unlikely to have been
admitted to movements such as the Pharisees or the Essenes
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FishermenPeter (formerly Simon)Andrew (Peter’s brother)JamesJohn
Tax collector (most despised profession)Matthew (formerly Levi)
Zealot (“zealous” for Israel’s ancestral traditions – the removal of foreign rule and religion from Israel)Simon
Brothers; “the sons of thunder” (explosive temperaments)
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Other DisciplesPhilip (perhaps the brother of Bartholomew)Bartholomew (possibly formerly Nathaniel)Thomas (best known as Doubting Thomas)James (different from James, the brother of
John), son of AlphaeusThaddaeus (also called Judas, but not the same
as Judas Iscariot)Judas Iscariot (the disciple who would betray
Jesus)
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Caravaggio,
1573-1610
Canvas, 322 x
340 cm
San Luigi dei
Francesi, Rome,
Contarelli Chapel
The Calling of Matthew, 1599-1600
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“Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick; I have come to call not the righteous but sinners.”
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Some small, independent of large crowdsMany serve the purpose of attracting crowds,
which, in turn, provide large audiences for his teachings
Often done for the benefit of the individualhealing, blessing, exorcising demons
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Healing a blind man
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woman who was hemorrhaging
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“The Sabbath was made for humankind, and not humankind for the sabbath” (Mark, 2:27)
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As Jesus’ popularity began to grow, his opposition also began to grow, especially as religious and political authorities became nervous about his growing influence and revolutionary ideasPharisees, Sadducees, and scribes
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Stories that have symbolic value and teach a greater lesson
Jesus spoke in parables to give people easier access to his intended meaningTook things from everyday life and transformed
them into a moral or spiritual lessonParables were often misunderstood or
misinterpretedJesus’ ambiguous language can be interpreted
multiple ways Jesus doesn’t those who are merely interested in
the spectacle following him. He wants those who follow to really want to know “the truth.” If someone wants to understand Jesus’ teachings, then he or she will go to the trouble to ask.
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“Other seed fell into good soil and brought fourth grain, growing up and increasing and yielding…” (Mark 4:8) First seed: falls on hardend
bath and eaten by birds (people who have a hard heart toward God)
Second seed: falls on rocky soil (those who initially respond positively to God’s word, but abandon it when the truth “starts to hurt”)
Third seed: falls among the thorns and weeds (those who receive God’s word, but allow the “worries of this world” and the “deceitfulness of wealth” begin to take over)
Forth seed: falls on good soil (person who hears and understands God’s word)
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“Is a lamp brought in to be put under the bushel basket, or under the bed, and not on the lampstand?” (Mark 4:21)
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“Follow me and I will make you fish for people” (Mark 1:16).
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Re-interpreted Jewish law to fit the needs of humankind
Posed a threat to the established Jewish tradition
Began to be seen as an “iconoclast” (a person who attacks cherished beliefs)
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“ ‘Do you not see that whatever goes into a person from outside cannot defile, since it enters, not the heart but the stomach, and goes out into the sewer?’ (thus he declared all foods clean)” (Mark 7:18-19)
“It is from within, from the human heart, that evil intentions come: fornication, theft, murder, adultery, avarice, wickedness, deceit, licentiousness, envy, slander, pride, folly”
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“Why does this generation ask for a sign. Truly I tell you, no sign will be given to this generation.” (Mark 8:11)
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“All things can be done for the one who believes.” (Mark 9:23)
“His disciples asked him privately, ‘Why could not we cast it out?’ He said to them, ‘This kind can come out only through prayer.’” (Mark 9:28-29)
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31
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“Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.” (Mark 11:33)
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34
Parable of the Vineyard
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35
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Often underscore the messageFeeding 5,000
“I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never hunger”
Raising Lazarus from the dead“I am the resurrection and the life. Whoever
believes in me will live, even if he dies”Provide faith
Dynamic interchange between what you believe and what you experienceDemonstrated in the man who asks Jesus to heal
his son. Jesus asks, “Do you believe I can?” The man responds, “I do believe, Lord, but help me with my unbelief” (Mark 9:34).
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Carel Fabritius,
1622-1654
Canvas, 210 x
140 cm
Muzeum
Narodowe,
Warsaw
The Raising of Lazarus, c. 1643
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Giotto, c. 1267-
1337
Fresco, 185 x
200 cm
Scrovegni
Chapel, Padua
The Raising of Lazarus, 1304-1306
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Albert van
Ouwater, c.
1410/1415-1475
Panel, 122 x 92
cm
Staatliche
Museen zu
Berlin,
Gemaldegalerie
The Raising of Lazarus, c. 1455-1460
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Juan de Flandes,
c. 1465-1519
Oil on panel, 110
x 84 cm
Museo Nacional
del Prado,
Madrid
The Resurrection of Lazarus, c. 1510-1518
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While he was eating, he took a loaf of bread, and after blessing it he broke it, gave it to them, and said, ‘Take; this is my body...this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.’” (Mark 14:22-23)
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“Abba, Father, for you all things are
possible; remove this cup from me; yet, not what I want, but what
you want.” (Mark 14:36)
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Jesus said, “I am…”
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He answered them,
“You say so.”
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“Who can forgive but God alone?” - scribes
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Literally the body and blood of Christ (transubstantiation)
Hocus Pocus - parody of the consecration of the Catholic Mass: hoc est corpus (“this is my body”)
Symbolically the body and blood of Christ (consubstantiation)
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“I have baptized you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.” (Mark 1:8)
“He saw the heavens torn apart and the Spirit descending like a dove on him. And a voice came from heaven, ‘You are my Son, the Beloved; with you I am well pleased.’” (Mark 1:10-11)