Who is the Father of Genetics?

Mendel

a type of gene that is hidden by a dominant

gene

Recessive

used to show the possible gene

combinations in a cross between two

organisms

Punnett Square

Punnet Squares• What tools can we use to predict each

generation?• Simplest tool is a Punnet Square

A a

A

a

A a

A

a

AA

Aa

Aa

aa

Parents

a gene responsible for determining traits in

an organism

Allele

chromosomes that do not determine the sex

of a person

Autosome

HH

HomozygousDominant

pattern where the phenotypes of both

homozygous parents are present in heterozygous

offspring; both alleles are equally expressed

Codominant Alleles

the stronger trait in a gene pair

Dominant

union of a sperm and egg

Fertilization

the branch of biology that studies heredity and

variation in organisms

Genetics

an organism's genetic makeup, or allele

combinations

Genotype

an organism that has two different alleles for a single

trait, for example (Hh)

Heterozygous

two of the same alleles for a trait, for example (HH)

Homozygous

an organism that is heterozygous for a

particular trait

Hybrid

a genetic pattern in which neither of the two forms of a trait completely masks

the other

Incomplete Dominance

any chromosome other than a sex

chromosome

Autosome

a picture of all the chromosomes in a

cell arranged in pairs

Karyotype

having more than two alleles that control a trait

Multiple Alleles

a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members

of a family have a particular trait

Pedigree

what an organism looks like as a consequence of

its genotype

Phenotype

transfer of pollen from the anther to

the stigma of a plant

Pollination

hh

HomozygousRecessive

occurs when groups of gene pairs act together to

produce a specific trait

Polygenic Inheritance

a trait that will be masked by more dominant trait

•Recessive

a trait that will be masked by more dominant trait

What part of the flower does the pollen land on?

Fig. 10.01

Anther Stigma

Fig. 10.01

Anther Stigma

What is the function of the

Anther?

To make pollen

Black (BB)Crossed withBrown (bb)

Fig. 10. 06

Gametes

All Bb

All offspring are black and heterozygous

(a)

(b)

If heterozygousBlack (Bb)

HomozygousBrown (bb)

If homozygousBlack (BB)

HomozygousBrown (bb)

X and Y chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

Sex Chromosome

What are the female Sex

Chromosomes

XX

What are the male Sex

Chromosomes

XY

characteristics that are inherited, such as your eye color

Traits

heterozygous offspring show a phenotype that is in between the phenotypes of

the two homozygous parents

Incomplete Dominance

Hh

Heterozygous(Also called)

Hybrid

Punnett Square

b

B

B

b

b

B

B

b

Bb Bb

Bb Bb

How many traits are in a

di-hybrid cross

two

Dihybrid Crosses With Guinea Pigs

• The first cross, considering two genes in true-breeding parents, has predictable outcome

• All dominant in the F1

cross a red (RR)and a

white (WW) flower

W

R

R

W

W

R

R

W

RW RW

RW RW

What type of crossCreated pink

flowers?

IncompleteDominance

Cross two pink flowers

R

R

W

W

RR

RW

RW WW

What is thePhenotype

ratio?

1 red:2pink:1wh

ite

Cross to checked chickens

(BW)

B

B

W

W

BB BW

BW WW

What is theGenotype ratio?

1BB:2BW:1WW

What type of cross produces checkered chickens

Co-Dominance

Blood type isWhat type of inheritance ?

Multiple Alleles

How many Alleles are there for blood type?

There are 3A, B, and O

What blood types are possible

A, B, AB and O

What blood type is recessive

Type O

Cross type OWith type AB

B

AO

BO BO

Probability is The chance that an

event will occur