Who is an Entrepreneur - Vyapar Hub Presentation
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Who is an Entrepreneur?
Is a Question Worth Asking...?
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Importance of Concept
Support and foster entrepreneurship Behaviour modification attempts
Increasing population of entrepreneurs Increasing survival rate of small businesses Build body of research
Increased focus on individuals. Full understanding eludes as it is a complex and
dynamic process
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Conceptual ambiguity
Who is an entrepreneur?
Essential characteristics of entrepreneur?
Which firms can be called entrepreneurial ventures?
Benefits of entrepreneurship?
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Some explanations
Schumpeter (1934) on Entrepreneur Individuals who carry out new combinations of means of
production Gets equated with small business ownership; self
employment Essential characteristics of entrepreneur?
Should ownership of enterprise be omitted? Risk bearing Creation or exploitation of ideas Demographics
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Some explanations
Which firms can be called entrepreneurial ventures? Small firms or large firms (as instigators) Vesper (1980)
Introduction of new good; new methods of production; new market; new sources of supply; industrial reorganization.
Is innovation the key word? Benefits of entrepreneurship?
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Definitions (Carland et.al, 1984)
Entrepreneur Small Business owner
•Establishes and manages a business for principal purpose of profit and growth
•Characterized by innovative behaviour
•Will employ strategic management practices in the business
•Establishes and manages a business for principal purpose of furthering personal goals.•Business primary source of income and consumes majority of one’s time and resources.•Business perceived as extension of personality, family needs, desires.
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Definitions (Carland et.al, 1984)
Entrepreneurial venture Small business venture
•Engages in behaviour that is aimed at profitability and growth.•Business characterized by innovative strategic practices
•Independently owned and operated•Not dominant in its field.•Doesn’t engage in any new marketing or innovative practices.
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Evolution as an area
Definition Little convergence among researchers Rare and inconsistent Phenomenon occurs along continuum Operationalization through intentionality – subjective
interpretation To know more about small ventures, need to know about
their creators. Two are inextricably bound.
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Evolution as an area
Methodology Heterogeneous samples – issue of comparability, control
groups Difference in approaches: trait school problems with
sample identification.
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Entrepreneur: Methodological Issues
Data collection predominantly from small, independent enterprises – implications for corporate entrepreneurship.
Results of study by Carland et.al Entrepreneurship distinct from small business
ownership in terms of articulated venture strategies Entrepreneurs exhibit different personality traits and
behavioural preferences.
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Debate: Focus of studies?
Intentionality vs. creation (outcome). Scholars not able to conceptualize motives and
cognitive processes. Multiple perceptions exist
Person vs. process (organization creation) Issue of corporate venturing
Whole vs. part Success depend on factors prior to, during and after
launching of new venture. Need to understand all parts and interaction between them.
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Conclusion
For field to evolve, conceptual and methodological issues need to be resolved.
Trait and behaviour are inextricably linked. Probably case study methodology more suited, especially if objective is intervention.
Institutional factors need to be incorporated.
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