WHO Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health...

WHO Health Emergency and

Disaster Risk Management

(Health-EDRM) Framework

Professor Virginia Murray, Public Health EnglandHead of Global Disaster Risk Reduction

Member of Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) Scientific Committee

Member of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions TReNDS Network

Member of the WHO Collaborating Centre on Mass Gatherings and Global Health Security

Co-Chair WHO Thematic Platform Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management Research Network

Chair of UNDRR/ISC technical working group for Hazard Terminology and Classification Review

The substantial reduction of disaster risk

and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social,

cultural and environmental assets of

persons, businesses, communities and

countries

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk

Reduction 2015-2030

Health resilience is strongly promoted throughout

Health Plan for England -

Four priorities for action

1. Understanding disaster risk;

2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage

disaster risk;

3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience;

4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective

response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery,

rehabilitation and reconstruction.i) at National and Local Levels

ii) at Global and Regional levels


Reduction 2015-2030

• Enhance the resilience of national health

systems, …. developing the capacity of health

workers …..; and promoting and enhancing the

training capacities in the field of disaster

medicine; ….. in the implementation of the

International Health Regulations (2005) of the

World Health Organization

Priority 3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for

resilience

• People with life threatening and chronic disease,

due to their particular needs, should be included in

the design of policies and plans to manage their

risks before, during and after disasters, including

having access to life-saving services;

Priority 3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience

• Establish a mechanism of case registry and a

database of mortality caused by disaster in order to

improve the prevention of morbidity and mortality


• Enhance recovery schemes to provide

psychosocial support and mental health

services for all people in need


Health Plan for England -http://wci.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ResilienceForum2017/presentations.html

https://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/preparedness/WHO-Thematic-Platform-Health-EDRM-Terms-Reference-2018.pdf


http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/preparedness/factsheets/en/

http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/preparedness/factsheets/en/

18 Health Plan for England -

Health Emergency & Disaster Risk Management

changing the paradigm

World Congress for Disaster & Emergency Medicine

From

Event-based

Reactive

Single-hazard

Hazard-focus

Single agency

Separate responsibility

Response-focus

Planning for communities

Health Emergency & Disaster Risk Management

changing the paradigm

World Congress for Disaster & Emergency Medicine

From To

Event-based Risk-based

Reactive Proactive

Single-hazard All-hazard

Hazard-focus Vulnerability and capacity focused

Single agency Whole-of-society/multi-sectoral

Separate responsibility Shared responsibility of health systems

Response-focus Risk management

Planning for communities Planning with communities

Health Plan for England -

Health Emergency and

Disaster Risk

Management Framework

International

Health

Regulations

Health emergency and disaster risk

management framework

• Aligns health security, disaster risk reduction,

humanitarian reform, climate change &

sustainable development agendas

• Bridges health and multi-sectoral

communities

• Derived from health systems, risk management,

emergency and disaster management, epidemic

preparedness and response, climate change

adaptation

• Whole of government, whole of society

• Ministry of Health

• National disaster management agency

• Communities and community-based organizations

• World Health Organization

• International community



• Risk-based approach

• Comprehensive approach across the emergency

management cycle

• Inter-sectoral and multidisciplinary collaboration

• Community participation and resilience

• Integration of health emergency and disaster risk

management with health system strengthening

• Ethical considerations

• All-hazards approach



WHO Classification of Hazards

Generic

groups1

1. Natural 2. Human-induced2,3 3. Environmental

Groups 1.2 Hydro-meteorological 2.1 Technological 2.2 Societal 3.1

Environmental

degradation17Subgroups 1.1

Geophysical41.2.1

Hydrological41.2.2

Meteorological41.2.3

Climatological41.3 Biological5 1.4

Extraterrestrial4

Main types

-subtypes

[sub-

subtypes]

Earthquake:

- ground-

shaking

- tsunami

Mass

movement

(geophysical

trigger):

- landslide

- rock fall

- subsidence

Liquefaction

Volcanic

activity:

- ash fall

- lahar

- pyroclastic

flow

- lava flow

Flood:

- riverine flood

- flash flood

- coastal flood

- ice jam flood

Mass

movement

(hydro-

meteorological

trigger):

- landslide

- avalanche

(snow)

- mudflow

- debris flow

Wave action:

- rogue wave

- seiche

Storm:

- extratropical

storm

- tropical

cyclone

[cyclonic wind,

cyclonic rain,

cyclone

(storm) surge]

- convective

storm [e.g.

tornado, wind,

rain, winter

storm, blizzard,

derecho,

lightning,

thunderstorm,

hail, sand/dust

storm]

Extreme

temperature:

- heatwave

- coldwave

- severe winter

condition [e.g.

snow/ice,

frost/freeze]6

Fog

Drought

Wild fire:

- land fire [e.g.

brush, bush,

pasture]

- forest fire

Glacial lake

outburst (flood)

Air-borne

diseases

Water-borne

diseases

Vector-borne

diseases

Foodborne

outbreaks7

Insect

infestation4

- Grasshopper

- Locusts

Animal

diseases

Plant diseases

Aeroallergens

Antimicrobial

resistant

microorganism

s

Impact:

- airbust

Space weather

- energetic

particles

- geomagnetic

storms

- shockwave

Industrial hazards:8

- chemical spill

- gas leak

- radiation [contamination,

nuclear incident]

Structural collapse:

- building collapse8,9

- dam/bridge failures

Transportation:8,11

- air, road, rail, water,

space

Explosions

Fire8

Air pollution9

- haze10

Infrastructure disruption

- power outage11

- water supply

- solid waste, waste water

-telecommunication

Cybersecurity

Hazardous materials in

air, soil, water: 12,13

- biological, chemical,

radiological

Food contamination7

Acts of

violence

Armed

conflicts:14

-

international

- non-

international

Civil unrest

Terrorism

Chemical,

biological,

radiological,

nuclear, and

explosives15

,16

Financial

crisis:

- hyper-

inflation

- currency

crisis

Erosion

Deforestation

Salinization

Sea level rise

Desertification

Wetland

loss/degradation

Glacier

retreat/melting

To strengthen technical and scientific capacity to capitalize on and consolidate existing knowledge and to develop and apply methodologies and models to assess disaster risks, vulnerabilities

and exposure to all hazards; (paragraph 24 j)


Reduction 2015-2030

http://cambridgeriskframework.com/downloads

UNDRR/ISC technical Working Group on the

Sendai Hazard Terminology Review and

Classification

• Launch of Hazard Terminology Review at

the Science and Policy Forum of Global

Platform 2019

• Task Team: UN agencies (including WMO

and WHO) and scientific community

representatives

• Report for UN Disaster Risk Reduction

and International Science Council

November 2019

WHO Health Emergency and Disaster Risk

Management (Health-EDRM) Framework

• The Sendai Framework with the WHO Health

Emergency and Disaster Risk Management

Framework provides an agreed method to enhance

capabilities to plan and prepare for, respond to, and

recover from emergencies and disasters and other

health emergencies in partnership

• Offers an opportunity to engage at a global level with

stakeholders on guidance and policy issues that

could impact national to local community

preparedness

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