WHMF112 Session 12 - source.endeavourlearninggroup.com.au · Angelica archangelica Historical &...

Herbal Medicine Materia Medica 1

WHMF112

Session 12

Digestive System Part I

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Session 12

Digestive System Part I:

• Materia Medica (from Traditional literature &

research):

• Angelica archangelica

• Artemisia absinthium

• Cinnamomum verum

• Foeniculum vulgare

• Filipendula ulmaria

• Matricaria recutita


Digestive System


(Smartimage. (2009) male digestive and skeletal system 3D, Retrieved

16th July, 2014

<http://ebsco.smartimagebase.com.ezproxy.endeavour.edu.au:2048/getim

age.php?K=6bc716f6fa04045883d64d0073ca9d75d3ef1017>)

Please watch the following

video,

the Digestive System

Click here: https://search-

alexanderstreet-

com.ezproxy.endeavour.edu.

au/view/work/2065693/clip/14

4717

(Alexander Street Press. (2013). The digestive system. Viewed from

https://search-alexanderstreet-

com.ezproxy.endeavour.edu.au/view/work/2065693/clip/144717)

https://search-alexanderstreet-com.ezproxy.endeavour.edu.au/view/work/2065693/clip/144717

https://search-alexanderstreet-com.ezproxy.endeavour.edu.au/view/work/2065693/clip/144717


(Smartimages. (2009). Function of small intestine and digestive system,

Retrieved 16th July, 2014

<http://ebsco.smartimagebase.com.ezproxy.endeavour.edu.au:2048/getimage.ph

p?K=cb5e536c81d69975ea37b4c032450cf668b1978d>)

Angelica archangelica

Plant family: Apiaceae

Part used: Root, Rhizome

Description:

• Calcium channel blocking action

(coumarins): hypotension, negative

inotropic & antiarrhythmic activity,

muscle relaxation without sedation

• Increased TNF-α from macrophages

enhancing tumor cell destruction.

• Cholagogue, diuretic, antiseptic &

expectorant. (Mosby, 2010)


(Bloeme, M. (2010). Angelica archangelica,


<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/

thumb/7/73/Angelica_archangelica02.jpg/450px-

Angelica_archangelica02.jpg>)


Historical & Traditional

Prescribing:

• Internally for epidemic diseases

(the plague, typhoid), An antidote

to poison, for ‘cold stomach’.

Strangury urinary obstruction,

aiding the delivery of afterbirth.

External drops for poor sight or

hearing, toothache, infected

ulcers, bites. Gout, sciatica, lung

and chest complaints (poultice).

(Fisher 2009)


(Salo A. (2013). Angelica archangelica ssp.

Litoralis, Retrieved 16th July, 2014

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thu

mb/1/11/Angelica_archangelica_ssp._litoralis_-

_Meriputki_C_IMG_5948.JPG/320px-

Angelica_archangelica_ssp._litoralis_-

_Meriputki_C_IMG_5948.JPG>)


Cautions & Contraindications

• In diabetes (herb can increase blood glucose), peptic

ulcers, or bleeding disorders – use cautiously

Pregnancy & Lactation

• May induce miscarriage. Avoid in breastfeeding.

Herb/Drug Interactions

• Reduced effects due to increases in stomach acid:

antacids, H2-blockers, proton pump inhibitors

• Increased effects (of prothrombin): anticoagulants

(Blumenthal et al. 2000; Mosby, 2010)



Preparation Adult mL/g Dosage directions &

considerations

Oral

Tincture:1:2 (45%) 5-20mL / week Take up to three times

per day

Infusion 2-4g in 150ml water for

10 mins

Dried root & rhizome 1-2g/ dose


(Blumenthal et al. 2000)

Taste: dry 3rd degree, warm 3rd degree

(Thomsen & Gennat , 2009)

Artemisia absinthium

Plant family: Asteraceae

Parts used: Leaf, flowering top

Description:

• Bitter to stimulate digestion,

against worm infestations.

• Aids fevers & infections

• Aids improving mood

(Hoffmann, 2003)


(Lavin M. (2010). Artemisia absinthium, Retrieved 16th

July, 2014

<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0

4/Artemisia_absinthium_%284998396515%29.jpg/320px-

Artemisia_absinthium_%284998396515%29.jpg>)



Prescribing

• Was prescribed by Culpepper for

‘sour belching’ from increased

appetite but poor digestion, aided

liver excretions, heating diuretic.

• Culpepper considered this herb

as cleansing, purging and

strengthening

(Tobyn, 2013)


(Monniaux D. (2010). Artemisia absinthium,


<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thu

mb/e/eb/Artemisia_absinthium_P1210748.jpg/800px-

Artemisia_absinthium_P1210748.jpg>)


Cautions / Contraindications

• Allergy/hypersensitivity, Seizure disorders,

Concurrent use of other thujone-containing herbs

(e.g., sage, tansy, yarrow), digestive tract ulcers as

may increase irritation

Drug / Herb Interactions

• Reduced effets: Anti-convulsants (interfere with

effects), drugs that lower seizure threshold (↑ risk of

seizures)

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Unsafe due to thujone content (a neurotoxin)

(Brinker, 2010; Davis, 2011)© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 12


Preparation Adult mL/g Dosage directions & considerations

Oral Avoid long-term use of alcoholic

extracts, high dose, pregnancy,

lactation

Tincture 1:5 (45%) 5 - 20mL/

week

Take up to three times per day

Toxicity symptoms at 10mL/ day

Infusion 1-2 tsp in 1

cup boiling

water &

infuse for 10-

15 minutes

Take up to three times per day.

Maximum of 3gm of dried herb/

day


(Hoffmann, 2003; Brinker, 2010)

Cinnamomum verum

Plant family: Lauraceae

Part used: Bark

Description:

• Antimicrobial (yeast, fungi, bacteria)

• Increased glucose oxidation & uptake,

inhibition of insulin receptor

dephosphorylation

• Anti-inflammatory, pain relieving

(COX-2) & antioxidant activity.

• Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, &

NO synthase activity (Leung, 2010)


(MPF. (2006). Cinnamomum verum,


<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co

mmons/e/e1/Cinnamomum_verum1.jpg>

Cinnamomum verum

Historical & Traditional Prescribing

• Used for thousands of years in

Eastern & Western culture for

conditions requiring warmth and

circulatory stimulation, flatulent

dyspepsia, anorexia, intestinal colic,

infantile diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting.

• Common cold, influenza, menorrhagia

and haemorrhages.

• Improving the flavour of other herbs

(Bone 2003; Leung, 2010)


(Stevanopuasa,. (2014). Bunga kayu manis -

Cinnamomum verum, Retrieved 16th July, 2014

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thu

mb/a/a6/Bunga_kayu_manis_-

_Cinnamomum_verum.JPG/320px-

Bunga_kayu_manis_-_Cinnamomum_verum.JPG>)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bunga_kayu_manis_-_Cinnamomum_verum.JPG/320px-Bunga_kayu_manis_-_Cinnamomum_verum.JPG

Cinnamomum verum


• Known allergy to cinnamon &

Peruvian balsam. Result of cinnamic

aldehyde, a potent contact

sensitizer

Herb/Drug Interactions:

• None known

Pregnancy and Lactation Data:

• German Commission E states it is

contraindicated in pregnancy

(Blumenthal et al. 1998; Bone 2003)


(Henna. (2005). Cinnamon verum2-

spice, Retrieved 16th July, 2014

<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia

/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cinnamon_veru

m2-spice.jpg/320px-

Cinnamon_verum2-spice.jpg>)

Cinnamomum verum


considerations

Oral Cinnamomum is often used

to enhance the action of the

herbs in a prescription

Tincture 1:2 (70%) 20-40 mL / week Take up to three times per

day

Infusion of powered bark 0.5 – 1g / dose Take up to three times per

day


(Bone 2003; Fisher 2009)

Taste: Dry 2nd degree, warm 2nd degree

(Thomsen & Gennat 2009)

Foeniculum vulgare

Plant family: Apiaceae

Part used: Fruit (seed)

Description:

• Anti-spasmodic to smooth

muscle (GIT & sphincters,

bronchials, blood vessels), bitter

• Anti-inflammatory, analgesic &

antioxidant effects

• Increases breast milk

(Leung, 2010; Mosby, 2010;

Menzies-Trull, 2013)


(Sailko, (2014). Orto botanico, fi, foeniculum vulgare ssp

piperitum, Retrieved 16th July, 2014

<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/

bb/Orto_botanico%2C_fi%2C_foeniculum_vulgare_ssp_pi

peritum.JPG/438px-

Orto_botanico%2C_fi%2C_foeniculum_vulgare_ssp_piper

itum.JPG>)

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Sailko

Foeniculum vulgare


Prescribing

• A diuretic. Urinary stones.

Nausea. Opens obstruction of

liver, to clear the body of

poisons, spleen, gall bladder,

jaundice. Gout. Dyspnoea.

Wheezing. Aids menstruation

and delivery of placenta. For

longevity. To clear eyes. To

deter fleas

(Fisher 2009)


(Dianakc. (2013). Foeniculum vulgare flower,


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/th

umb/e/e3/Foeniculum_vulgare_flower.JPG/320px-

Foeniculum_vulgare_flower.JPG)

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Dianakc

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Foeniculum_vulgare_flower.JPG/320px-Foeniculum_vulgare_flower.JPG

Foeniculum vulgare


• Allergy/hypersensitivity (including allergies to celery,

carrot, or mugwort), Hormone-sensitive conditions


• Additive effects: anticoagulant, oestrogen

medications

• Reduced effects: antioestrogen & ciprofloxacin

(antibiotic) medications

Pregnancy and Lactation:

• No adverse effects are expected

(Bone, 2003; Davis, 2010)


Foeniculum vulgare

Preparation Adult mL/g Dosage directions & considerations

Oral Essential oil form not given to

infants or children

Liquid Extract 1:2

(60%)

20-40mL/ week Take up to three times per

day

Infusion 1-3g in 150 ml water /

dose

Take up to three times per

day


(Blumenthal et al 2000 ; Bone 2003; Mosby, 2010)

Taste: Dry and warm (Thomsen & Gennat 2009)

Filipendula ulmaria

Plant family: Rosaceae

Part used: Aerial parts

Description:

• Tonic to the digestive tract

• Immuno-modulatory effects

(enhanced complement activations

– heparin-like activity, and T-cell

proliferation)

• High level of antioxidant activity

(Mosby, 2010; Menzies-Trull, 2013)


(Porse, S. (2001). Filipendula-ulmaria,


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/

5/5d/Filipendula-ulmaria.JPG)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Filipendula-ulmaria.JPG

Filipendula ulmaria

Historical & Traditional Prescribing

• Fevers, as a hot infusion

perspiration. The distilled water from

flowers were used as eye drops for

burning, itching and to clear vision.

For bleeding and vomiting. Colic.

With honey as a laxative.

Considered a tonic for the digestive

tract. Strangury and all pains of the

bladder. For dropsy. Externally for

cancerous ulcers and for sores

(Fisher 2009)


(Kor!An. (2013). Filipendula ulmaria 'Plena, Retrieved 16th

July, 2014

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/

Filipendula_ulmaria_%27Plena%27_04.JPG/640px-

Filipendula_ulmaria_%27Plena%27_04.JPG>)

Filipendula ulmaria


• Allergy / hypersensitivity to Filipendula and or

salicylates, paediatric use, bleeding disorders,

gastric ulcers, asthma


• Additive effect: anticoagulants, aspirin, salicylates,

narcotics / opioids

Pregnancy and Lactation Data:

• Caution due to the salicylic acid content

(Bone 2003; Fisher 2009; Davis, 2010; Mosby, 2010)


Filipendula ulmaria


considerations

Oral

Tincture 1:2 (60%) 20 - 40mL/ week Take up to three times

per day

Dried herb infusion 2-6gm/ dose Take up to three times

per day


(Bone 2003; Fisher 2009)

Taste: cold and dry (Thomsen & Gennat 2009)

Matricaria recutita

Plant family: Asteraceae

Part used: Flower

Description:

• Inhibits COX & LOX activity, reducing

inflammation, pain and spasm of

mucous membranes, liver, skin.

• Acts on sensory and motor nerves,

affinity for benzodiazapene receptors

• Antimicrobial activity

(Leung, 2010; Mosby, 2010; Menzies-

Trull, 2013)


(Stelfox D. (2002). Matricaria recutita_German Chamomile viewed 30th June, 2014

Matricaria recutita

Historical & Traditional Prescribing:

• Flatulent or nervous dyspepsia, travel sickness,

nervous diarrhea. Nervous conditions of the stomach

and bowel

• Restlessness, irritability in children, teething

problems.

• Catarrhal conditions of the nose, ears and eyes. For

earache

(Bone 2003)


Matricaria recutita


• Allergy / hypersensitivity to Asteraceae, Hormone-

sensitive cancers/disorders


• Additive effects: Analgesics, anticoagulants,

hypoglaecemic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory,

antilipemic, calcium channel blocker, CNS

depressant medications

• Inhibition effect: CYP4501A2 & 3A4, oestrogen at

receptor site, tea can reduce the absorption of Iron

Pregnancy & Lactation: No adverse effects expected

(Bone 2003; Davis, 2011)© Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 28

Matricaria recutita


considerations

Oral

Dried herb 2-8gm in 150mL boiled water,

infuse for 5-10 minutes

Take three to four

times per day

Tincture High

Grade 1:2 (60%)

20-40mL / week Take up to three times

per day

External

Bath 50gm per 10L

Poultice & rinse 1%fluid extract, 5% tincture


(Blumenthal et al. 1998; Fisher 2009; Davis, 2011)

Taste: Dry 1st degree, hot 1st degree

(Thomsen & Gennat 2009)

Tutorial

Session 12

Tutorial

Students are to split into groups of three

Each group is assigned the condition/ symptoms

Group 1 – Gastritis & Reflux

Group 2 – Nausea & Vomiting

Group 3 – Diarrhoea & Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(IBS)

Group 4 – Diverticulitis & constipation


Tutorial

Within these groups, individuals are given 15 minutes

to research and identify the following:

1. Common causes

2. Risk factors / common irritating factors

3. Other systems that may be affected

As a group, discuss the following:

• Herbal actions, and herbs considered useful in the

management of the symptoms / condition

Groups feed back their findings to the class


References

(2010). Angelica, european. In Mosby's handbook of herbs & natural supplements,

Philadelphia, USA. Elsevier Health Sciences,. Retrieved 15 July 2014, from

Credo Reference

(2010). Angelica. In Leung's encyclopedia of common natural ingredients: Used in

food, drugs and cosmetics, Hoboken, USA. Wiley. Retrieved 15 July 2014, from

Credo Reference

(2010). Chamomile (german and roman). In Leung's encyclopedia of common

natural ingredients: Used in food, drugs and cosmetics, Hoboken, USA. Wiley.

Retrieved 15 July 2014, from Credo Reference

(2010). Chamomile. In Mosby's handbook of herbs & natural supplements,

Philadelphia, USA. Elsevier Health Sciences. Retrieved 15 July 2014, from

Credo Reference

(2010). Cinnamon (and cassia). In Leung's encyclopedia of common natural

ingredients: Used in food, drugs and cosmetics, Hoboken, USA. Wiley.

Retrieved 15 July 2014, from Credo Reference


References

(2010). Fennel. In Leung's encyclopedia of common natural ingredients: Used in

food, drugs and cosmetics, Hoboken, USA. Wiley. Retrieved 15 July 2014, from

Credo Reference

(2010). Fennel. In Mosby's handbook of herbs & natural supplements, Elsevier

Health Sciences, Philadelphia, USA. Elsevier Health Sciences. Retrieved 15

July 2014, from Credo Reference

(2010). Meadowsweet. In Mosby's handbook of herbs & natural supplements,

Philadelphia, USA. Elsevier Health Sciences. Retrieved 15 July 2014, from

Credo Reference

(2011). Absinthe. In Davis's pocket guide to herbs and supplements, Philadelphia,

USA. F.A.Davis Company. Retrieved 15 July 2014, from Credo Reference

(2011). Chamomile (Matricaria Recutita, syn. Matricaria Suaveolens, Matricaria

Chamomilla, Anthemis Nobilis, Chamaemelum nobile, Chamomilla chamomilla,

Chamomilla recutita). In Davis's pocket guide to herbs and supplements,

Philadelphia, USA. F.A.Davis Company. Retrieved 15 July 2014, from Credo

Reference


References

(2011). Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). In Davis's pocket guide to herbs and

supplements, Philadelphia, USA. F.A.Davis Company. Retrieved 15 July 2014,

from Credo Reference

Blumenthal, M. (2000). Herbal medicine : Expanded commission E monographs.

Newton, Massachusetts USA: Integrative Medicine Communications.

Blumenthal, M. (1998). Herbal medicine : The complete German commission E

monographs. Newton, Massachusetts USA: Integrative Medicine

Communications.

Bone, K. (2003). A clinical guide to blending liquid herbs: Herbal formulations for

the individual patient. St. Louis, Missouri. Churchill Livingston.

Brinker, F. (2010). Herbal contraindications and drug interactions plus herbal

adjuncts with medicines (2nd ed.). Sandy, Oregon. Eclectic Medical

Publications.

Fisher, C. (2009). Materia medica of western herbs. Nelson, New Zealand. Vitex

Medic.

Hoffmann, D. (2003). Medical herbalism: The science and practice of herbal

medicine, Rochester, Vermont. Healing Arts Press.


References

Menzies-Trull, C. (2013). Herbal medicine: Keys to physiomedicalism including

pharmacopoeia, (2nd ed.). London, England. Faculty of Physiomedical Herbal

Medicine.

Thomsen, M., & Gennat, H. (2009). Phytotherapy desk reference. Global Natural

Medicine Pty Ltd l. Retrieved 20th February, 2015 from

www.globalnaturalmedicine.com

Tobyn, G., Denham, A., & Whitelegg, M. (2011). The western herbal tradition: 2000

years of medicinal plant knowledge, London, UK. Churchill Livingstone

Elsevier.

Van Wyk, B., & Wink, B. (2010). Medicinal plants of the world. London, UK. Timber

Press Inc.


http://www.globalnaturalmedicine.com/

Recommended Readings

Braun, L., & Cohen, M. (2014). Herbs and natural supplements: An

evidence based approach, vol. 2 (4th ed.). Chatswood, NSW.

Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.

• Cinnamomum verum p. 190-196

• Foeniculum vulgare p. 309-314

• Filipendula ulmaria p. 692-694

Hawrelak & Meyers (2004). The Causes of Intestinal Dysbiosis: A

Review. Alternative Medicine Review, 9(2)

http://www.altmedrev.com/publications/9/2/180.pdf


http://www.altmedrev.com/publications/9/2/180.pdf

Recommended Readings

Fisher, C. (2009). Materia medica of western herbs. Nelson, New

Zealand. Vitex Medic.

• Angelica archangelica p. 3-4

• Artemisia absinthum p. 30-32

• Cinnamomum verum p. 153-154

• Foeniculum vulgare p. 8-10

• Filipendula ulmaria p. 218-219

• Matricaria recutita p. 46-49


WHMF112 Session 12 - source.endeavourlearninggroup.com.au · Angelica archangelica Historical &...

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Transcript of WHMF112 Session 12 - source.endeavourlearninggroup.com.au · Angelica archangelica Historical &...