Which Sprayer Had the Best Results? · Roundup Ready® XTEND Crop System (cont.) Example of a Spray...

CPCNozzlesDriftV2 8/30/2016

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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln

Robert N. Klein

Western Nebraska

Crops Specialist

Which Sprayer Had the Best Results?

$1.2 million$425,000


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• Ceramic nozzle $7.36

• Sprayers $425,000 and

$1.2 million

XRC11004-VK


1. Controls the amount applied – GPA

2. Determines the uniformity of application

3. Affects the coverage

4. Affects the spray drift potential

5. Breaks the mix into droplets

6. Forms the spray pattern

7. Propels the droplets in the proper direction


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With all the precipitation in the spring

of 2015, a farmer had a pilot spray

herbicides for weed control. The

farmer also sprayed with his new

sprayer.

Who had the best weed control?

“Increasing spray droplet size to reduce

drift has reduced weed control by 10 to

50% for some herbicides used in cereals.

Research continues to evaluate the extent

of impact as well as the cause of this

effect and corrective measures.”


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Spray Quality Categories

ASABE Standard S-572.1

Category (symbol) VMD Color Code

Extra Fine (XF) Purple

Very Fine (VF) Red

Fine (F) Orange

Medium (M) Yellow

Coarse (C) 341-403 Blue

Very Coarse (VC) Green

Extra Coarse (XC) White

Ultra Coarse (UC) >665 Black

S572

NEW

NEW

Why did the aerial applicator get better control?

The farmer used a spray nozzle that produced Ultra Coarse (UC) Spray Droplets. The recommended spray droplet size for the herbicides he was applying is Coarse (C).

Farmer →

Source: Crop Life – July 2002

451-550

>551

351-450

251-350

151-250

>150

Herbicides (300-450)

UC Ultra Black >665

coarse


5




6




7


500

Microns

250

Microns

250

Microns

250

Microns250

Microns

250

Microns250

Microns

250

Microns

250

Microns



8

0

20

40

60

80

100

Pe

rce

nt

Co

ntr

ol

Carrier Volume

.5 .5 .25M C EC

.3 .3F C

.4 .4 .2M C EC

XR DG TF XR DG TF XR DG

XR Tee Jet DG Tee Jet Turbo Flood Jet

94 L/ha 70 L/ha 47 L/ha10 gpa 7.5 gpa 5 gpa


Vapor Drift – associated with volatilization (gas, fumes)

Particle Drift – movement of spray particles during or

after the spray application


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Spray Characteristics

- Chemical

- Formulation

- Additives

Weather, etc.

- Air Movement (direction & velocity)

- Temperature & Humidity

- Air Stability/Inversions

- Topography

Equipment & Application

- Nozzle Type

- Nozzle Size

- Nozzle Orientation

- Nozzle Pressure

- Height of Release

- Technology

- Sprayer Speed


Downwind drift distance for various spray droplets

released from different boom heights.

tt Bretthauer, University of Illinois Extension


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The Goal – 100% Weed Control and 0% Spray Drift


Drift Reduction: Recommended Techniques

1. Follow label directions.

– Read label and use the nozzle manufacturer’s

guide for nozzle and pressure combinations.

2. Select a nozzle to increase droplet size.

– Large droplets - less prone to drift. Use largest

droplets that provide necessary coverage.


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The drift reduction suggested by the study results will be used to assign a drift

reduction rating to the tested DRT. The four DRT ratings represented by one, two,

three, or four stars are awarded for technologies that demonstrate at least 25%

reduction in potential spray drift. The greater the number of stars, the greater the

potential reduction of spray drift:

25-49% reduction

90+% reduction

50-74% reduction

75-89% reduction



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1. TT11004 2. AIC110025-VK 3. TTI11004-VP 5. XRC11003-VK

6. AITTJ60-11006-VP7. Wilger

DR11004

8. Hypro

PSULDQ2004

9. GreenLeaf TDXL11004-D

with 10. TCP11010

1. 2. 3. 5.

6. 7. 8. 10. 9.

4. AIXR11005-VP


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Nozzle Selection for Droplet SizeUniversity of Nebraska EC130

2016 Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska

Droplet

CategorySymbol

Color

Code

VMD Range

(microns)

Extremely Fine XF Purple <60

Very Fine VF Red 61-143

Fine F Orange 144-235

Medium M 236-340

Coarse C 341-403

Very Coarse VC Green 404-502

Extremely Coarse XC White 503-665

Ultra Coarse UC Black >665


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TeeJet Technologies: Turbo TeeJet TT



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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 240

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

% C

ove

rage

Lower Leaves Middle Leaves Upper Leaves

0315

0530

0560

0590

2590

0360

0615

0630

0660

2530

2560

0330

0315

0630

0660

0630

0615

0660

0315

0330

0360

0615

0330

0360psi

XRC XRC XRC XRC TT TT AIC AIC

Travel Direction

Research Funded by Nebraska Soybean BoardCoverage of Spray Droplets on Soybean Canopy

• I prefer 15-inch nozzle spacing for sprayers

without Pulse Width Modulation. Also, 100%

overlap where the pattern ends under the

adjacent nozzles.

Advantages of 15- & 30-inch spacing:

• At low GPA, use 30-inch spacing (close off the

nozzles on 15 inches).

- Larger nozzles are less prone to

spray particle drift & plugging

• At high GPA, use 15-inch spacing

• Do not need extremely large nozzles

on 15-inch spacing

• Often can use the same nozzle at 15- & 30-inch.

Example: 8 & 16 GPA, 10 & 20 GPA, and 12 &

24 GPA or application which are close to 2x.

110-degree nozzles15-inch spacing100% overlap


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Spray Comparison Wind – AI TeeJet

@2009 Winfield Solutions, LLC

Herbicide Alone Herbicide + Interlock ®

114 4 1 2

17

5 6 6 8123

116 73 5 7

1 14 5 60 1

0102030405060708090100110120130140150160

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

XR 11005 TT 11005 TF 2.5 AI 11005 AIXR 11005

Pe

rce

nt

Mic

ron

s

RWM + 2% AMS

RWM + 2% AMS + In-Place

% less than 105 microns

Water

RWM + 1% AMS + Array

Volume Median Diameter (VMD)

RWM + 2% AMS + Interlock

40 psi 40 psi 40 psi 40 psi 40 psi

2.8 bar 2.8 bar2.8 bar2.8 bar2.8 bar


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Longevity and Cost of Nozzles

• Life of ceramic nozzle is 5 to 16.7

times

that of stainless steel

• For example, if brass nozzle lasts 1

month,

stainless steel would last 4 to 6

months, ceramic would last 20 to 100

months.

• (Months are only given as an

example for easy comparison of

lifespan)

AIC $16.30 AIC $13.27

Rela

tive lif

e s

pa

n o

f

no

zzle

Turbo TeeJet Induction TTI11004-VP


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Turbo TeeJet Induction (TTI)

Revised 3/26/16


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Enlist Duo: Allowable Nozzles and PressureDo not use any nozzle & pressure combination not specifically allowed in the chart.

Enlist Duo® Crop System


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Enlist Duo® Crop System (cont.)



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This information is for educational purposes only,

pending regulatory approvals for component products.


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So far the organic and conventional soybeans are

the most sensitive to dicamba….with organic

soybean having as much as 80% visual injury with

1/10 rate, and 40% with 1/100th and 20% with

1/1000th of the label 16 oz rate of Clarity…

1/1000th is equal to about 1/10th of a teaspoon

Dr. Stevan Knezevic

XTEND: Allowable Nozzles and PressureDo not use any nozzle & pressure combination not specifically allowed in the chart.

Manufact. Model Orifice sizesDroplet

Size20 PSI

30 PSI

40 PSI

50 PSI

60 PSI

70 PSI

Greenleaf AirMix 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50

TDXL 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50

Hypro John Deere

ULD 003, 004, 005 XC Min 30 Max 50

TeeJet AI (80o) 003, 004, 005 XC Min 30 Max 50

AI/AIC (110o) 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50

AITT J60 003, 004, 005 XC Min 30 Max 50

AIXR 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50

TTI 003, 004, 005 UC Min 30 Max 50

*Wilger DR 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50

*only with Pulse Width Modulation systems


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1. Use C to UC nozzle

2. Weed height 4" maximum

3. Maintain spray buffer required by label

4. Ground speed less than 15 mph

5. Use formulations with low volatility

6. Maintain appropriate boom height

– 20-inch height for 20-inch nozzle spacing

7. Optimal wind conditions 3 to 10 mph

8. Triple rinse tank after application

Roundup Ready® XTEND Crop System

Clean equipment immediately after using this product, as follows:

1. After spraying, drain the sprayer (including boom). Do not leave the

spray solution in the spray boom lines overnight or for extended periods

of time.

2. Flush tank, hoses, boom, and nozzles with clean water.

3. Inspect and clean all strainers, screens, and filters.

4. Prepare a cleaning solution with a commercial detergent or sprayer

cleaner according to the manufacturer's directions.

5. Wash all parts of the tank, including the inside top surface. Start

agitation in the sprayer and thoroughly recirculate the cleaning solution

for at least 15 minutes. Remove all visible deposits from the spraying

system.

Roundup Ready® XTEND Crop System


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6. Flush hoses, spray lines, and nozzles for at least 1 minute

with

the cleaning solution.

7. Repeat above steps for effective triple rinse.

8. Remove nozzles, screens, and strainers. Clean separately in

the cleaning solution after completing the above procedures.

9. Drain sump, filter, and lines.

10.Rinse the complete spraying system with clean water.

11.Dispose of rinse in compliance with local, state, and federal

guidelines.

Roundup Ready® XTEND Crop System (cont.)

Example of a Spray Nozzle to Apply Both

Enlist Duo and Roundup XTEND

• Enlist Duo = AIXR 11004 @ 15-40 PSI, 10 - 15 GPA

• Roundup XTEND = AIXR 11004 @ 30-50 PSI, Min. 10 GPA

• AIXR 11004 Nozzle can be used for both Enlist Duo and Roundup XTEND at 30 to 40 PSI


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AIXR 11004

Speeds at various application rates, pressures, and nozzle spacing

Application

RatePressure 20-inch 30-inch 15-inch

10 GPA 30 PSI 10.3

mph

6.9 mph 13.7 mph

40 PSI 11.0 mph 7.9 mph 15.8 mph

12.5 GPA 30 PSI 8.2 mph 5.5 mph 11.0 mph

40 PSI 9.5 mph 6.3 mph 12.7 mph

15 GPA 30 PSI 6.9 mph 4.6 mph 9.2 mph

40 PSI 7.9 mph 5.3 mph 10.6 mph

Not for

Roundup

Xtend


• I have limited the top Sprayer Speed in charts to 14 MPH

• At 2014 Crop Production Clinics, Bill Gordon (Emerging

Issues for Australian Spraying) discussed Auto Height and

said control may be limited in its effectiveness when traveling

at speeds above 14-15 MPH


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Problems• The following problems will ask you the appropriate spray droplet sizes

and ground application rates in gallons per acre. In the Field Days

Booklet, use the charts that start on page 17.

• Then, you will be asked to select the appropriate nozzle. In the Field

Days Booklet, use the charts that start on page 19.


Problem 1:• You will treat field corn with the herbicide Callisto

XTRA. Using the chart on page 17 of the Field Days

Booklet,

– What spray droplet size should you use?

– What ground application rate in gallons per acre?


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Herbicides Droplet Size Ground Application GPA

Callisto XTRA M to C 10 to 30

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Problem 1:• You will treat field corn with the herbicide Callisto XTRA. Using

the chart on page 17 of the Field Days Booklet,

– What spray droplet size? Medium to Coarse is listed

– Use coarse to reduce drift

– What ground application rate (GPA)? 10 to 30 GPA is listed

– Use 20 GPA since we are using the larger particle size


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Problem 1:• You have a sprayer with

– 15-inch nozzle spacing

– Calibrated delivery rate of 20 GPA at 12 mph

• Using the coarse chart on page 19 of the Field Days

Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice?


19


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Speed mph Rate gpm 15-inch

12 0.606 XRC11008-VK @ 23 psi

TT11006 @ 41 psi*

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• Using the chart on page 19 of the Field Days Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice?

XRC11008-VK @ 23 psi or TT11006@ 41 psi*

*Just into spray drop size with water - many pesticides and additives

reduce the spray drop size


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Problem 1:• What speed do you use with your spray equipment?

_________mph

• What is the nozzle spacing for your sprayer?

_________inches

• Circle the nozzle for the speed and nozzle spacing

that you could use with your sprayer in this situation.


Problem 2:• You will treat Winter Wheat with the Fungicide

Prosaro SC. Using the chart on page 18 of the

Field Days Booklet,

– What spray droplet size?

– What ground application rate in gallons per

acre?


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Pg 37

Fungicides Drop Size Ground Application GPA

Prosaro SC No Mention Minimum 10

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Problem 2:• You will treat Winter Wheat with the Fungicide

Prosaro SC. Using the chart on page 18 of the

Field Days Booklet,

– What spray droplet size? No Mention

– What ground application rate in gallons per

acre?

Minimum of 10 GPA


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– Using the chart on page 20 of the Field Days

Booklet, what nozzle would be a good

choice?

Pg 42

Speed mph Rate gpm / gpa 20-inch 8 0.404 / 15 XRC11004-VK @ 41 psi

20


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– Calibrated delivery rate of 15 GPA at 8 MPH

– Using the chart on page 20 of the Field Days

Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice?

XRC11004-VK @ 41 psi


Problem 2:• What speed do you use with your spray equipment?

_________mph


_________inches

• Circle the nozzle for the speed and nozzle spacing that

you could use with your sprayer in this situation


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Problem 3:• You will treat soybeans with the insecticide

Arctic 3.2E. Using the chart on page 18 of

the Field Days Booklet

-What spray droplet size?

-What ground application rate in gallons

per acre?

Herbicides Drop Size Ground Application GPA

Arctic 3.2E Medium or Coarser 10 to 20

PG 18


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Problem 3:• You will treat soybeans with the insecticide Arctic 3.2E.

Using the chart on page 18 of the Field Days Booklet

-What spray droplet size? Medium or Coarser

-Use Medium to get better coverage

-What ground application rate (GPA)?

-10 to 20 gallons per acre

-Use 10 GPA to get a large number of acres done in time




– Calibrated delivery rate of 10 GPA at 14 MPH

– Using the chart on page 19 of the Field Days Booklet,

what nozzle would be a good choice?


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Speed mph Rate gpm 30-inch

14 0.707 XRC11008-VK @ 31 psi

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– Using the medium chart on page 19 of the Field

Days Booklet, what nozzle would be a good

choice? XRC11008-VK @ 31psi


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Problem 3:• What speed do you use with your spray

equipment? _________mph


_________inches

• Circle the nozzle for the speed and nozzle spacing

that you could use with your sprayer in this

situation.


Questions?

Thank you!

Robert N. Klein

Western Nebraska

Crops Specialist

Which Sprayer Had the Best Results? · Roundup Ready® XTEND Crop System (cont.) Example of a Spray...

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