Which of these is a mineral?. I. Rocks are made of __________________ A mineral is a naturally...
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Transcript of Which of these is a mineral?. I. Rocks are made of __________________ A mineral is a naturally...
Which of these is a mineral?
I. Rocks are made of __________________
A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic
______________. It has a definite chemical composition
and a ______________ structure.
1.Naturally occurring:
a/ minerals: _____________________________
b/ not minerals: ____________________________
2.Inorganic: not formed from living things
The following are not minerals…..
a/ Coal is not because it comes from __________________
b/ Amber is not because it comes from _______________
c/ Pearls are not because they come from _____________
Quartz, pyrite
Cement, steel
plantstree sap
oysters
minerals
solidcrystal
Which of these isNOT a mineral?
Why?X
X
X
3. Definite chemical composition:
Name of Mineral
Chemical Composition
Explanation
Halite 1 Na = sodium1 Cl = chloride
Quartz 1 Si = silicon2 O = oxygen
Pyrite 1 Fe = iron2 S = sulfur
graphite C = carbon
NaCl
SiO2
FeS2
C
Which is which?
halite pyrite magnetite
copper
quartz
hematite
graphite
diamond
sulfur
calcite
size and volume
shape
Oil
The atoms in a mineral
are arranged in
patterns.
Halite
( )
liquid
NaClrepeating
atoms of Na and Cl:
copper
calcite
Metals are crystals!
What minerals are these?
They are all quartz!
II. How to identify minerals
A. Physical properties
1. Color
a/ some minerals have only 1 color:
malachite is __________
sulfur is ______________
b/ other minerals have many colors:
___________ can be clear, pink, white, purple, etc
___________ can be black, grey, reddish brown, etc
Color is often unreliable because ______________
in the mineral and ______________ can change the color.
green
yellow
quartz
hematite
impurities
weathering
All quartz!
All hematite!
Un-weathered copper:
Ex: verdigris = “green of Greece”
original copper
a “crust” ofcopper sulfateor copper chloride
weathering changesthe colors of minerals
Is this a physical or chemical change?
The torch is coated in gold leaf (originally made of stained glass and lit from the inside.)
Bookof Knowledge
7 seas andcontinents
raised right foot is on the move
her left foot tramples broken shackles at her feet
Her torch signifies enlightenment.
The copper outsideis green because ofverdigris.
The color of the _____________when a mineral is on a streak plate.
Reddish brown
White/colorless
A streak plate is a square
of unglazed _____________porcelain
powder
Hematite always leaves a reddish brown streak.
quartz
quartz
3. _________ – the way a mineral shines or ________________
from its surface
a/ metallic – surface looks like _______________
Ex. galena, pyrite, graphite, magnetite
b/ _________________ luster comes in different types:
mineral: type:
mica ____________
quartz, halite ____________
talc ____________
diamond ____________
metal
reflects lightLuster
metallic
3. _________ – the way a mineral shines or ________________
from its surface
a/ metallic – surface looks like _______________
Ex. galena, pyrite, graphite, magnetite
b/ _________________ luster comes in different types:
mineral: type:
mica ____________
quartz, halite ____________
talc ____________
diamond ____________
pearly
metal
reflects lightLuster
nonmetallic
pearly
non-metallic
3. _________ – the way a mineral shines or ________________
from its surface
a/ metallic – surface looks like _______________
Ex. galena, pyrite, graphite, magnetite
b/ _________________ luster comes in different types:
mineral: type:
mica ____________
quartz, halite ____________
talc ____________
diamond ____________
pearly
glassy
metal
reflects lightLuster
nonmetallic
glassynon-metallic
3. _________ – the way a mineral shines or ________________
from its surface
a/ metallic – surface looks like _______________
Ex. galena, pyrite, graphite, magnetite
b/ _________________ luster comes in different types:
mineral: type:
mica ____________
quartz, halite ____________
talc ____________
diamond ____________
pearly
glassy
waxy
metal
reflects lightLuster
nonmetallic
waxy
non-metallic
chert(quartz)
3. _________ – the way a mineral shines or ________________
from its surface
a/ metallic – surface looks like _______________
Ex. galena, pyrite, graphite, magnetite
b/ _________________ luster comes in different types:
mineral: type:
mica ____________
quartz, halite ____________
talc ____________
diamond ____________
pearly
glassy
waxy
metal
reflects lightLuster
nonmetallic
brilliant
brilliantnon-metallic
syntheticdiamond
Metallic or non-metallic?
nonmetallicwaxy
waxy
nonmetallic
glassynonmetallic
brilliant
nonmetallic
earthy
nonmetallic
pearly
metallic
metallic
nonmetallic
If non-metallicwhat kind?
4. _____________– how easily a mineral can
be ________________
On a scale of 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest):
softest mineral - _______________ = 1
hardest mineral – ______________ = 10
Simple “scratch test” for hardness:
Hard minerals _________ scratch glass
Soft minerals _________ scratch glass
Hardness is determined by a mineral’s
_____________ chemical bonds and ________________.
Hardness
scratched
talc
diamond
can
cannot
internal structure
Both are made only from carbon.
Which arrangement looks stronger?
diamond graphite
hardness = 10 hardness = 1-2
type of
fracturedescription example
uneven
fibrous
conchoidal
5. How it breaks or splits
a.Fracture: If a mineral breaks ______________
in curved or irregular pieces with rough
and ________________ surfaces when struck
by a hammer
rough surfaces
cloth fibers
clam shell shape
unevenly
jagged
sulfur
asbestos
quartz
uneven
fibrous
conchoidal
Flint tool
Flint cobble
b. Cleavage - When a mineral splits
along __________________ surface
Examples of cleavage:
The mineral ________
cleaves in ___ direction:
The mineral ________
cleaves in ___ directions:
smooth flat
mica
1
galena
3
Cleavage or fracture?
conchoidal think:fracture conch shell
cleavage
cleavagefracture
fracture fracture
cleavage
fracture
Calcite
magnetite magnetic
+2HCl
