Where will Lantau’s Future Lead?

The Geography of Tung Chung

Discovery College M

agazine

Volume 34

Claire H

olubow

skyj &

Victoria M

artyn

Table of

Contents

The World In Spatial Terms

How to Read a Map

Absolute Location

Relative Location

Human Characteristics

Physical Characteristics

Environment and Society

Bibliography

2-3

4-5

6-7

8-9

10-11

12-13

14

151

The World in Spatial Terms By Claire Holubowskyj

The   World   in   Spatial  Terms   is   the   2irst   geography  s t a n d a rd ,   a n d   a n a l y s e s  distances   and   spread   on   the  Earths   surface.     As   such,   it  includes  the  distances  between  places   and   environments,   and  how  things  are  distributed.  It  is  m a i n l y   c o n c e r n e d   w i t h  distribution   of   people   and  places,   and   also   of   how   far  apart   these   areas  are.     It   looks  at   population,   distribution,  density,   and   distances,   among  others.

The   World   in   Spatial   Terms   is   an   important  geography   theme   because   it   is   the   tool   with   which  geographers  use  to  de2ine   the  other   standards.     It   is   the  only   geography   standard   that   is   a   core   component   of  every   other   geography   standard,   because   a   good  understanding  of   it   is   crucial  to  understanding  the  other  standards.     Distance   and   distribution   are   important  geography   themes   because   they   determine  not   only   the  bounds   of   physical   geography,   but   the   context   of   social  geography  as  well.

      Tung   Chung   is   a   vibrant  town,   as   close  as  Lantau  Island  has  to  a  city.    With  a  population  of   just   over   130,000   people,  Tung   Chung   is   the   most  populous  area  of  Lantau  Island.    Surrounded   by   picturesque  villages   and  country   parks,   yet  within   15   minutes   of   Hong  Kong   International   Airport,  Tung   Chung   has   the   best   of  both  worlds.  

Tung  Chung  MTR  Station

Tung  Chung  Bay

Tung  Chung  New  Town

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  Citygate,   Hong   Kong’s   only   outlet   shopping   mall   is   not   only   a   popular   tourist  attraction,   but   also   the   centre   of  modern  Tung   Chung.     Being   the   transportation   hub  of  Lantau  Island,   it  offers  convenient  transportation  to  the  more  remote  regions  of  Lantau,  as  well  asto  Hong  Kong  Island  and  Kowloon.  

Definitions Population – The number of people residing in a particular area

Density – The quantity of people or things in a certain area or region

Distance – The amount of space between two things

Space – The area of land not occupied by buildings, an empty area

Tung   Chung   is   designed  around  Citygate.       Exceedingly   convenient,   at  Citygate   there   is   not   only   an   outlet  shopping  mall,  but  a  hotel  (Novotel),  an  MTR   station,   and  a   large  bus   terminal.    Nearby,   within   5   minutes   walking  distance,  there  is  an  additional  plaza,  Fu  Tung   plaza,   which   is   older,   and   used  more  by  locals.    Around  Citygate  are   a  number   of   modern   and   expansive  private   housing   developments,   all  within   walking   distance,   with   the  furthest   offering   a   quick   shuttle   bus.      Not   ten   minutes   away   is   the  Yat   Tung  estate,   which   is,   effectively,   a   smaller  Tung   Chung,   comprising   of   residential  buildings   surrounding   a   shopping  centre.  

Tung  Chung  is  also  popular  with  tourists,  who  come  to  take  a  ride  on  the  Ngong  Ping  360  cable  car,  and  enjoy  the  perpetual   discounts   on   world-­‐famous  brands   in   the   outlets   in  Citygate.     The  Ngong  Ping  360  Cable  Car   is  within  10  minutes   walking   distance   of   Citygate,  located   conveniently   near   the   city  centre,   and   attracts   thousands   of  tourists  to  Tung  Chung  every  day.  

The World in Spatial Terms

Top:    Food  Republic  Food  Court,  CitygateAbove:  Esprit  Fashion,  Citygate

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There   are   several   features   on   a   map   that   are  invaluable   to   the   point   that   a   map   is   useless  without   them.     The   2irst   is   a   legend,   or   key.     A  legend  is  used  to  show  what  the  different  symbols  and  lines  on  a  map  mean,  so,   for  example,   the  map  reader   can   tell   the   difference   between   a   state  boundary   and   a   road,   or   a   picnic   area   from   a  restaurant.    The  next  is  an  indication  of  the  scale  of  the  map.     This   can   take   the   form   of   a   ratio,   or   a  labeled  bar,   with  a  label   that  reads  something  like  1cm  =  2km.    This  is  used  to  tell  the  size  of  the  map,  in   relation  to   the  real   thing.    This   is   crucial   when  trying   to   2ind   the   distance   between   two   places,  because  the  scale  tells  the  reader  how  large  an  area  in  real   life  the  map  represents.    Without   it,  a  map  showing  North  American  might  well  be  1km  in  real  life.     A   compass   tells   the   direction,   so   in  conjunction  with  a  scale,   someone   can   tell   exactly  where  they  are,  and  where  to  go.    An  alphanumeric  grid   simply   makes   it   easier   to   2ind   speci2ic  locations  on  a  map,   by  dividing  it  into  labeled  grid  squares.

Definitions Legend/Key – An explanation of the symbols used in the map

Scale – A ratio of the maps size in relation to the size of the area depicted in the map, e.g. 1 : 10,000,000 Compass – An arrow that shows the direction of North on the map

Alphanumeric Gr id – A gr id superimposed onto the map, that has letters on one side, and numbers on the other, to make it easier to find certain locations, e.g. Grid H4

How to Read a Map By Claire Holubowskyj

4Map  of  Tung  Chung,  with  Citygate  highlighted

Citygate  is  divided  into  5  2loors,  with  shops  on  the  top  four  2loors,  and  a  car  park  on  the  lowest  level.    There  are  bathrooms  on  every  2loor,  with  the  most  shops  and  restaurants  on  the  top  2loor,  which  is  the  only  unbroken  level.    The  other  four  levels  are  divided  into   two  halves,   due  to  the  North  Lantau  Expressway,  which  carves  through  the  centre  of  Citygate.    When  using  maps  of  this  variety,  relative  location  is  most  helpful,   because  it  outlines  the  location  of  shops  in  relation  to  the  other  ones,  making  it  much  easier  to  tell  where  certain  shops  are.    

How to Read a Map

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Citygate  Directory

  Absolute  Location  is  a  key  component  when  regarding   the  World  in  Spatial  Terms.   It  is  a  fairly  simple  method  of  calculating  exact  location  that  has  been  used  for  many  years.  Now,  people  have  graduated   from  using   the  stars  as  guides   and  use   latitude  and  longitude,   two   sets   of  non-­‐existent   lines   running   across   the   earth   both   vertically   and   horizontally.   While   it   might   seem  confusing,   absolute   location   truly   is   quite   a   simple   concept   to   grasp.   The   important   point   to  consider   is   that   those   lines   are   used   to   calculate   exact   location   in   the   world;   in   relation   to  degrees,  hours,  minutes  and  seconds.  One  degree  is  the  equivalence  of  an  hour,  one  sixtieth  of  an  hour  to  a  minute,  and  one  sixtieth  of  a  minute  to  a  second.  All  that  information  is  used  to  pinpoint  any  exact  location  in  the  world.

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Absolute Location By Victoria Martyn

  While   many   people  prefer   to   use   relative   location  (refer  to   page  7),  a  guide  used  quite   frequently,   absolute  location   is   preferable   when  traveling.   It   is   an   easy   way   to  2ind   the   precise   location   of   a  certain   place.   And   with   GPS  (Global   Positioning   System)  applications   being   stored   into  phones   these   days,   all   that   is  required   of   the   traveler   is   to  record   and   enter   the   degrees,  bearings   in   relation   to   the  degrees,   minutes   and   seconds  f o r   b o t h   l a t i t u d e   a n d  longitude.   Then   the   GPS  device   /   application   locates  the  desired  position.   It   is   then  that  the  GPS  application  might  create  a  path  to  follow  to  get  to  the   destined   location,   even  doing   such   things   as   saying  when   to   lines   are   used   to  calculate   exact   location   in   the  world;   in   relation   to   degrees,  hours,   minutes   and   seconds.  One  degree   is   the   equivalence  of   an   hour,   one   sixtieth   of   an  hour   to   a   minute,   and   one  sixtieth   of   a   minute   to   a  second.   All   that   information  is  used   to   pinpoint   any   exact  location  in  the  world.Top:  La  Rossa,  Tung  Chung

Above:  Tung  Chung  Transport  Interchange

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Absolute Location

While  many  people  prefer  to  use  relative  location  (refer  to  page  7),  a  guide  used  quite  frequently,  absolute  location  is  preferable   when   traveling.   It   is   an   easy  way   to   2ind   the  precise   location  of  a   certain  place.   And  with  GPS  (Global  Positioning  System)  applications  being  stored  into  phones  these  days,   all   that  is  required  of  the  traveler  is  to   record  and  enter  the  degrees,  bearings  in  relation  to   the  degrees,  minutes   and   seconds   for   both   latitude   and   longitude.  Then   the   GPS   device   /   application   locates   the   desired  position.  It  is  then  that  the  GPS  application  might  create  a  path  to   follow  to  get  to   the  destined  location,   even  doing  such  things  as  saying  when  to  turn,  what  pathways  to  take  an  so  on.

  Despite  Tung   Chung   being  a   fairly   small   area,   the  need   for   absolute   location   arises   when   hiking   in   and    around   the   modern   town.   With   its   winding   paths   and  countless   options,   absolute   location   is   more   than   a  possibility,  it’s  a  requirement.

Some examples include:

Tung Chung - 22 17’31.29” N, 113 56’46.97” E

Citygate - 22 17’22.63” N, 113 56’25.56” E

Ngong Ping 360 Cable Car - 22 17’24.98” N, 113 56’18.35” E

Tung Chung MTR Station - 22 17’21.09” N, 113 56’28.57” E

Definitions Latitude - vertical lines parallel to the equator, running from North to South of the earth. Measures distance of a location either North or South of the earthʼs equator. Longitude - horizontal lines parallel to the prime meridian, running from East to West of the earth. Measures distance of a

location either North or South of the earthʼs prime meridian. Bearings - direction or position of an object or person relative to a fixed point. Is normally measured in degrees. GPS - a global navigation system using signals collected from a range of satellites orbiting the earth to pinpoint exact location.

Left:  Lines  of  LongitudeRight:  Lines  of  Latitude

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Relative Location By Victoria Martyn

  Relative  location  is  another  key  component  when  regarding  the  World  in  Spatial  Terms.  Many  of  the  more  electronically  illiterate  people  2ind  relative  location  far  easier  to  understand  than  absolute  location.  While  absolute  location  refers  to  the  desired  destination  in  a  sequence  of  numbers,  relative   location  refers  to  the  desired  destination   in  a  form  of  compass  bearings  and  relation   to   the  area   as   a  whole.   This   is   understandable,   considering  the  fact   that   while  absolute   location   leaves   the   responsibility   to   the   machine,   relative   location   leaves   the  responsibility  to  the  person.

So  how  is  relative  location  applied?  Excellent  question,  and  it’s  deserving  of  an  excellent  answer.  Relative  location  uses  compass  signs  and  the  area  in  relation  to  buildings  and  the  well-­‐known  landmarks  located  around  it.  For  example:  

Tung  Chung  Bus  Stop  to  Tung  Chung  UA  Cinema:

When  exiting  the  bus,  walk  straight.  If  passing  by  a  bus  stop  to  the  right,  then  continue  on  forward.  After  walking  through  the  curve  of  the  sidewalk  leading  right,  walk  straight  until  reaching  the  point  between  the  outlet  mall  and  the  cinema.  turn  right,  and  walk  until  the  cinema  doors  are  to  the  immediate  right.  once  there,  go  over  to  the  doors  and  open  them.  Congratulations,  the  cinema  has  been  reached.

Citygate  Square;  the  central  meeting  place  in  Tung  Chung

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Relative Location" W h i l e   t h e   m y r i a d   o f  instructions  may  be  confusing,  the  fact  is   that  many  of  the  directions  relate  to  the   area,   referring   to   common,   easily  sighted  things  in  the  environment   (eg.  park   bench,   bus   stop,   trees).   Relative  location   differs   slightly   with   every  person,  as  some  are  more  general  with  their   directions,   and   others   fall   into  meticulous   detail.   In   any   case,   it   is   a  common   usage   in   most   everyones’  lives.   Because   relative   location   has  been   used   for   hundreds   of   years  before   absolute   location   -­‐   of   the   two  methods   of   describing   the   World   in  Spatial   Terms   -­‐   it   will   most   likely   be  the  one   to   last   longer.   Forcing   people  to  think  deeply  about  their  answer  in  a  way  that  will  make  sense  to  the  person  asking,   relative   location   improves   a  persons’   ability   to   describe.   It   helps  people   become   more   descriptive,   and  able   to   use   the   environment   to   their  advantage.  

  The   use   of   relative   location   in  Tung   Chung   is   a   daily   occurrence,  given  the  town  can  be  quite  perplexing  when   attempting   to   walk   around   it.  Given   that   each   instruction   relative  location   provides,   one   is   able   to   see  when   a   mistake   has   been  made,   and  backtrack   to   see   where   fault   arose,  easily   making   relative   location   the  simpler   method   of   traveling   in  comparison  to  absolute  location.

Top:  Ngong  Ping  360  Cable  CarMiddle:  View  of  Tung  ChungAbove:  Ngong  Ping  360  Cable  Car

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Humans   are   one   of   the   only  species   on   Earth   that   can   travel  faster   than   they   can   run,   and   are  most   de2initely   the   only   species   on  Earth   that   can   stand   100   2loors  above   ground   level.     We   have  developed   our   inhabitations   into  cities   and  metropolises,   all   of  which  have   their   own   characteristics.    Every  city  is  different,  and  the  people  that   live   in   it  make   their  own  mark  on  their  city.    

Human Characteristics By Claire Holubowskyj

Human  Characteristics   is   a  part  of  Human  Systems,  the  fourth  geography   standard.     It   is  concerned   with   the   speci2ic  features  of  the  places   in  which  we  live,   in   particular   what   is   in   our  cities.    We  have   created   so  many  features   present   in   the   modern  metropolis,  that  each  city  has  only  a  selection.    This  selection  de2ines  the  people   in   the  city,   and  in  turn  the  city  itself.

Tung  Chung  is  the  largest  town  on  Lantau  Island,   and  has  the  largest  variety  of  modern  facilities,   designed  to  cater  for  the  100,000  people  that  call   Tung  Chung  their   home.     There   is   not   only   a   large  outlet   shopping   mall,   but   also   a   new  public   library,     a   community   hall,   sports  centre,   and   swimming   pool   complex,   all  available  to  the  public.     In  addition  to  the  publicly   available   facilities,   each   private  housing   development   has   its   own  clubhouse   and   swimming   pool.     Such  developments   include   Caribbean   Coast,  Coastal   Skyline,   and   Tung   Chung  Crescent.     These   facilities   de2ine   Tung  Chung  as   a  modern  city,  designed   for  the  young  professional.    

Tung  Chung  Fort

Tung  Chung  Public  Swimming  Pool

Tung  Chung  Public  Library

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Tung   Chung,   as   a  fairly   modern   city   by   any  standards,   is   designed   for  the   modern   lifestyle,   which  is  fast-­‐paced  and  hectic,  with  little   time   to   sit   back   and  relax.   All   of   the   architecture  is  modern,   and  comprises  of  g l a s s   a n d   s t e e l  monstrosities.     Traditional  structures   are   virtually  unheard   of,   and   there   are  very   few   signs   that   Tung  Chung   had   a   history   before  the  20th  century.  

Beneath   the   shiny  modern   façade,   there   lies   a  town  with   its   roots   steeped  in   history   and   culture,   and  with  a  laid  back  atmosphere.    Tung   Chung   residents   not  only   have   a   menagerie   of  things   to   do   in   the   city,   but  can  also  travel  out  on  one  of  their   convenient   hiking  trails,   to   smaller   towns   like  Mui  Wo  or  Tai  O,  which  offer  a   complete ly   d i f ferent  culture  and  lifestyle.          

Tung  Chung  emulates  Hong  Kong,  in  the  fact  that  it  is   centred   around   business  and   economics ,   but   i s  different,   in   the   way   that  chicken   pie   is   different   to  steak   pie   –   they   look   the  same  on  the   outside,   but  on  t h e   i n s i d e ,   t h e y   a r e  completely  different.

Human Characteristics

Top:  Tung  Chung  MTR  StationMiddle:  Caribbean  CoastAbove:  Ngong  Ping  360  Cable  Car

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Physical Characteristics By Victoria Martyn

  Physical  characteristics  are  another  element  in  Human  Systems.  Describing  the  more  natural  things  about  the  community,  such  as  beaches,  topography,  rivers  and  mountains,  it  offers  people  an  insight  into  the  natural  beauty  of  the  place.

  With  Tung  Chung  being  one  of  many   technologically   advanced  places  in  Hong  Kong,   there  are  little  to   no   physical   characteristics  surrounding   the   central   area,  P lanted   t rees   are   scat tered  throughout   the   shopping   mall   and  residential   areas   as  a  way  of   balancing   the  destruction  of   the  area   for   progress.   This   also  brings  about  a  sense  of  environmental  awareness,  despite  the  fact  that  these  trees  had  to  be  shipped  to  Tung  Chung  to  be  planted.

  Other  physical  characteristics  in  Tung  Chung  include  two  hiking  trails;  one  to  Tai  O  -­‐  a  village  known  for  its  stilt  houses,  mangroves  and  pink  dolphins  -­‐  and  the  other  to  Mui  Wo,  a  rural  town  that  many  tourists  and  expats  (expatriates)  frequent.

  The   hiking   trail  to   Tai   O   is   a   long   one,  stretching   to   14   km  l o n g .   F o r   t h e  r i d i c u l o u s l y  athletically   2it,   the  hike  could   take   as   little   as  two   and   a   half   hours.  But   for   people   who  don’t   exercise   on   a  daily   basis,   this   hike  could  take  four  hours   -­‐  with   rests,   chances   to  admire   the   scenery,  eating,   and   so   on.  Mostly   a   2lat   trail,   the  tallest   elevation  would  be  a  simple  75  meters.  While  at  the  beginning  t h e   s c e n e r y   o n l y  

Physical  Characteristics  -­‐  Cave

Lantau  Island  Scenery

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Physical Characteristicsconsists   of   less   well-­‐known  parts   of   the   suburban   side   of  Tung   Chung,   walking   further  along   allows   a   person   to   learn  about   its   natural   side.   Here  there   are   various   interesting  insects  as  well  as  a  range  of  tree  and   2lower   species.   With   the  mountains  being  so  close  to   the  ocean,   the   smell   of  saltwater   is  fresh  in  the  air.

  Traveling   from   Tung  Chung   to   Mui   Wo   is   more  picturesque  than  traveling  to  Tai  O,   as   most   of   the   hike   involves  walking   up   hills   and   being  exposed  to  nature.

  Similar  to  Tai  O,  the  path  is   always   clear   and  never   veers  off.   With   its   highest   elevation  being   240   meters,   this   hike   is  not   for   the   faint-­‐hearted   and  one   must   be   prepared   for   its  strenuousness.   The   hike   brings  

along   the  exquisite   natural  beauties   surrounding  Tung  Chung,   such   as   Silvermine  Cave  (now  blocked  off  from  the   pub l i c   for   sa fe ty  r e a s o n s )   a n d   t h e  Silvermine   Bay   Waterfall  G a r d e n .   W h i l e   t h e  S i l v e r m i n e   C a v e   i s  unavailable,  the  waterfall  is  more  than  enough.  Tall  and  grand,   it   allows   the   water  to   gracefully  cascade  down  the   rocks   and   onto   the  waiting  pond  below.

Hiking  trail  to  Mui  Wo

Hiking  trail  to  Tai  O

Environment & Society By Claire Holubowskyj & Victoria Martyn

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                           The  Lantau  Island  environment  is  both  rare,  and  diminished.    It’s  long-­‐standing  history   and   culture   have   given   way   to   the  rapidly   growing   Hong   Kong   economy,  embracing   tourism,   and   all   the   problems   it  brings.       As  one  of   the  few   islands   in  Hong  Kong   left   vastly   untouched   by   the   21st  century,  it’s  history  and  cultural  way  of  life  is  vanishing  quickly,  and  must  be  preserved.

                       Tung  Chung  has  lost  its  long  history  as  a   2ishing   village.    Now   classi2ied  as   a  retail  hub,   its   primary   concern   is   tourism.     The  tourists   come   to   Tung   Chung   for   the   cheap  designer  brands  that  can  be  found  there,  and  for  nothing  else.    Its  history  is  only  known  to  the  locals,   and  even   then,   it   is  disappearing  into   the   wind.     With   the   proposed  development   of   Lantau   likely   proceeding,  the  largest   island  in  Hong  Kong  is   losing  its  

heritage  faster  than  it   can  protest.     It   is   the  only   place   in   Hong   Kong   where   the  traditional   way   of   l ife   can   stil l   be  experienced,   and   in   another   30   years,   it  could   be   completely   gone.     Hong   Kong’s  culture   must   be   preserved,   lest   it   lose   it  completely  in  the  name  of  progression.    

                       Modern  Hong  Kong  is  centred  around  2inance.    Renowned  for   its   low   tax  rate  and  ample   shopping   opportunities,   it   attracts  thousands   of   tourists   worldwide.     Tung  Chung   is   no   exception.     The   tourists   that  visit   care   nothing   for   the   place,   only   the  shops   receive   their   attention.     The   cheap  handbags   and   designer   clothing   are   slowly  eroding   the   history   away.     With   every  fashion   item   sold,   another   human   being  leaves,   having   learnt   nothing   about   the  place.    Tung  Chung  is  the  shoppers  paradise,  and  the  historians  downfall.    

                       The  untouched  forest  surrounding  Tung   Chung   is   vanishing   even   faster.    Developers  are  interested  only  in  money  and  deadlines.     The   numerous   ecosystems   that  exist  there  are  of  as  much  interest  as  dirt  on  the  developers’  shoes.    

                       The  Lantau  Island  environment  and  the   Lantau   Island   societies   are   completely  separate   entities,   competing   for   a   place   in  the  future  of  the  island.      The  modern  day  is  eating  away  at  the  past,   and  soon  there  will  be  nothing   left   but  price   tags   and  shopping  bags.    Lantau  Island  must  be  preserved.    It’s  history   and   culture   is   worn   away   enough.    There   is   no   need   for   more   shops,   another  theme   park,   or   a   bridge   to   China.     The  tourists  are  2inding  their  way  to  Tung  Chung  easily   enough   as   it   is.     They   require   no  further  assistance.              

Tung  Chung  has  had  it’s  past  torn  from  it  by  tourism.    “Progress”  will  steal  its  future  as  well.

Left:  Lantau  Hiking  Trail

Bibliography

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Citygate  Outlets  -­‐  the  only  outlet  shopping  mall  in  Hong  Kong  located  on  Lantau  Island  .  

(n.d.).  Citygate  Outlets  -­  the  only  outlet  shopping  mall  in  Hong  Kong  located  on  Lantau  

Island  .  Retrieved  April  15,  2011,  from  http://www.citygateoutlets.com.hk/home/

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Hiking  Hong  Kong  -­‐  Outlying  Islands  -­‐  Lantau  Island  -­‐  Tung  Chung  -­‐  Tung  Chung  to  Mui  Wo  

Hiking  Trail.  (n.d.).  Hiking  Hong  Kong  -­  Your  Guide  to  Adventure.  Retrieved  June  2,  

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View  of  Tung  Chung