Where Are We? Feedback So far? -...
Transcript of Where Are We? Feedback So far? -...
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Where Are We? Feedback So far?
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Collection
Cleaning
Integration
Visualization
Analysis
Presentation
Dissemination
Dimensionality reduction: PCA, MDS, LDA, Isomap, t-SNE
RottenTomatoes API, SQL refresherOpenRefine
Vis 101, D3, Tableau [HW2]
HW2 will add “Expected Time to Spend”
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1. How to Fix Vis Issues?2. Class Project
CSE 6242 / CX 4242
Duen Horng (Polo) ChauGeorgia Tech
Partly based on materials by Professors Guy Lebanon, Jeffrey Heer, John Stasko, Christos Faloutsos
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Student of Edward Tufte
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Edward TufteAn American statistician and professor emeritus of political science, statistics, and computer science at Yale University.
He is noted for his writings on information design and as a pioneer in the field of data visualization.
-Wikipedia
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Also Highly Recommended:
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Good charts? How would you improve them?
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7How about this one?
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8Which is better?
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9Can you improve this table’s design?
TablesWhat are they good for?
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“When everyone is special, no one is special”
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8I9pYCl9AQ
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A lot of “chart junk”. Low “data to ink” ratio (Edward Tufte)
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12Better? High “data to ink” ratio
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Aligning Numbers
Look good?
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This reminds you of what?
Bar Charts
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Better than Christmas.
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Showing profits in red!!
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Line Charts
Does this look alright to you?
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20Use “ticks” at regular intervals (e.g., 2, 5, 10, etc.)
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Note y-axis doesn’t start at 0. Why not as bad as in the case of bar chart?
Fever Line
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Fever Line
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Multiple Lines in one chart
We see this often in academic papers. Better ways?
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Which one is more effective? Why? What if you have many lines you want to show?
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“Small Multiple” - Edward Tufte Better than overlapping (sometimes)
“a series or grid of small similar graphics or charts, allowing them to be easily compared”
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Misleading Bar Charts
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Vertical axis of bar charts start at “0” if possible
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Disorienting color bars
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Better?
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Exercise For Your Necks
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Bars Can be Horizontal
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The Dreaded Pie Charts
Why people like to use pie charts?
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33http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2008/jan/21/liesdamnliesandstevejobs
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Log scale instead of linear scale Include numbers from different orders of magnitude
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Example
log-log
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Example“log” also works well for time
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OK for outliers that are *really* different
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Destroying your great results with poor powerpoint
Bad color schemesBad fontsToo much animationToo much data
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100 times faster!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpvgfmEU2Ck&feature=player_embeddedDon McMillan: Life After Death by PowerPoint
can you read this?
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Destroying your great results with poor powerpoint
How to fix?• Color schemes: start with black & white, add colors if needed• Fonts: sans-serif font looks nicer
• On Mac: Helvetica is always good• On Windows: Arial?
• Too much animation: start with no animation, then add if appropriate
• Too much data: don’t just copy figures from paper and past them on the slides!
40http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpvgfmEU2Ck&feature=player_embeddedDon McMillan: Life After Death by PowerPoint
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Suggestions: use pictures whenever appropriate
“Pictures” include most non-text elements: tables, diagrams, charts, etc.Why?
• “A picture is worth a thousand words”• People like pictures and love movies.• Picture is often more succinct, memorable
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Figures should be self-containedWhy?
• Don’t make people go back and forth between text and figure
• People skim; look at “interesting” things first• Especially academia, many busy reviewers look at figures
first• Bad figures -> bad first impression
(lower chance of paper acceptance)How to fix?
• Succinctly describe your main messages (what you want the readers to learn)
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43http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dchau/polonium_sdm2011.pdf
Example
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Example
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Crown-jewel figure on first page (nice to have)
Why?• Give an overview of what readers is going to
get -- cut to the chase• Again, people like to see interesting things
How to do it?• Use your most impressive figure• Can be similar to another shown later
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Example
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Suggestion: Design in grayscale first
Then add colorIf it doesn’t look good in black and white, it’s not gonna look good with color(Why iPhone comes in black or white first?)
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Suggestion: Use legible fonts
If people can’t see it, they won’t appreciate itFor printed materials, print them out and check!For slides, rule of thumb is about 7 lines of text per slide.
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Suggestion: you probably need to redo your figure for slides
Designing for print is different from designing for the screen
• Resolution (which is higher?)• Levels of details (people mostly want a few
“take-away” messages from your talk)
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Example
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Higher is better.Apolo wins.
* Statistically significant, by two-tailed t test, p <0.05
Judges’ Scores
0
8
16
Model-based
*Prototyping *Average
Apolo Scholar
Score
Example
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Good tools for creating data visualization
(beyond Excel)
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RFree!Powerful. Can create any kinds of visualization available.But results may not be pretty (need editing). Need to program.
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http://www.r-project.orghttp://www.cc.gatech.edu/~lebanon/notes/quickIntroToR.pdf
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D3Also free!Create web-based visualization. Robust. Can create many kinds of visualization.Need to learn javascript, CSS (+SVG)“Future-proof” (likely to stay for many years)
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http://d3js.org
Great interactive tutorialhttp://vogievetsky.github.com/IntroD3/#1
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Processing“Java for designers”. Simplified Java.Can create interactive visualization, images, and more. Can be used as a library in normal Java app.Many tutorials, examples.
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http://processing.org
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Illustrator / Inkscape / XaraThe ultimate way to create visualization.Or to edit / perfect visualization.Inkscape is free!Illustrator is powerful but expensiveXara is the best alternative for Illustrator, on windows (less expensive, faster, easy to use)
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http://inkscape.org
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Design PrinciplesBar chart’s vertical axis should start at “0”! (Don’t lie)Follow conventions (e.g., red for negative values)Data is the king
• minimize distraction (bold appropriately)• Visual encodings should be meaningful
Design for legibility• font choices, don’t rotate vertical axis label
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Design PrinciplesDesign for ease of comparison
• Use “small multiple” / panel chart • E.g., use line thickness instead of patterns
(dot, dash, etc.)• E.g., align numbers by decimal points
Maximize data-ink ratio
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Design Principles (what not to do)
3D pie chart (or 3D anything)Bar chart not starting at 0
• Why not OK? People compare using bars’ heights
Wrong aspect ratio• Flatten or steepen trends
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ProjectDescription is outHigh-level schedule
• Proposal (writeup + short presentation)• Progress report• Final report (writeup + poster presentation)
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George HeilmeierFormer Director of DARPA
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Heilmeier Questions1.What are you trying to do?
Articulate your objectives using absolutely no jargon.2.How is it done today, and what are the limits of current practice?3.What's new in your approach and why do you think it will be successful?4.Who cares?5.If you're successful, what difference will it make?6.What are the risks and payoffs?7.How much will it cost?8.How long will it take?9.What are the midterm and final "exams" to check for success?
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Preflight checklist for successful projects
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._Heilmeierhttp://smlv.cc.gatech.edu/2010/10/17/heilmeiers-questions/