When Everyone Is A Designer: Practical Techniques for Ethical Design in the DIY Future

The DIY Future: When Everyone Is A DesignerPractical Suggestions for Ethical Challenges

Joe LamantiaBlogTalk 2008

Joe Lamantia• Involved in user experience / Internet since 1996

• Creator of the leading freely available tool for card sorting

• Creator of the Building Blocks design framework for portals and user experiences

• Designed early social sharing / networking site ʼ99 (efavorites.com)

• Currently based in New York - but enjoys Europe a great deal…

More:

JoeLamantia.com

BoxesandArrows

UXMatters

Tagsonomy.com

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Todayʼs MenuEthics, conflict, social media: impact on design

Integrated experiences

Design in the DIY future

Suggestions for managing conflicts

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Main Entry: eth·ic Etymology: Middle English ethik, from Middle French ethique, from Latin ethice, from Greek EthikE, from Ethikos

1. the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation

2. a : a set of moral principles : a theory or system of moral values

b : the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group

c : a guiding philosophy

d : a consciousness of moral importance

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Ethics & Conflict in Social Media


Spring 2007 - Tagged.com invitations proliferateYASNS: Yet Another Social

Networking Service

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From: Anonymous <[email protected]>Date: May 5, 2007 4:38 PMSubject: Re: Anonymous has Tagged you! :)To: Joe Lamantia <[email protected] >

Hi Joe -

Sorry about this email - it was not sent intentionally by me and you should ignore it.

*Definitely do not visit tagged.com*

-Anonymous

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mailto:[email protected]




Joe LamantiaBlogTalk 2008 8

Yet Another Social Networking Scam


From: Anonymous <[email protected]>Date: May 8, 2007 1:59 PMSubject: PLEASE STOP SENDING EMAILS TO PEOPLE IN MY ADDRESS BOOK!!!!!To: customer service <[email protected]>

Hi - when I signed up for tagged.com you fooled me into giving you all

the email addresses in my gmail address book. Now all 783 contacts appear to be getting emails even though I canceled my tagged.com account.

PLEASE MAKE THIS STOP IMMEDIATELY!

-Anonymous





http://tagged.com/

http://tagged.com/

http://tagged.com/

http://tagged.com/


The experience of being Tagged

“What happened next was nightmarish. My inbox started filling up with auto-responses, since

tagged was basically emailing everyone and everything in my inbox.

Emails were sent to prospective employers, jeopardizing my job prospects with them.

Emails were also sent to old girlfriends, some of who responded quite angrily. Emails were

sent to professional colleagues, some of whom will be listening to the very presentation you are giving.

I must've sent over a 100 personal responses to people apologizing profusely and explaining that the email was not sent intentionally.”

-Anonymous


From: Anonymous <[email protected]>Date: May 5, 2007 4:38 PMSubject: Re: Anonymous has Tagged you! :)To: Joe Lamantia <[email protected]>

Ouch. I'm really sorry about that.

I got an invite from someone and then went through the registration process which checks your contacts from GMail list as part of the registration funnel and allows you to add users in your contacts.

Little did I know that below the fold, it included every email recipient from my GMail, so when I clicked submit, it sent to every contact in my GMail account including all my email lists.

How embarrassing for me. :( I should have read the copy on the page first.

Sorry again.

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Is this ethical…?


Tagged.com Turns Profitable - May Be Fastest Growing Social Network

“Tagged is also very aggressive with signing up new users.

At registration users are strongly encouraged to invite their entire address book as friends.

Itʼs a highly viral, albeit controversial, way to quickly add lots of new users.”

Michael Arrington (of TechCrunch)

http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/05/09/tagged-turns-profitable-may-be-fastest-growing-social-network/






To Users / CustomersPrivacy violated

Identity hijacked

Publicly embarrassed

Personal data harvested

Damage to social fabric

Unknown future costs

To the Business

Rising number of users

Rapid growth in registrations

Leveraging network strategy

Traffic increase

Lower customer acquisition costs

Potential profitability

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“it’s very simple. what if i have to choose between using this scraping technique in order to promote my service in order to achieve the network effects that every good social system aspires to cultivate,

thereby succeeding in business but violating the spirit and potential of the open web; or not doing that, not realizing those gains, and quite possibly allowing someone else to overtake us

who is willing to implement such a shortcut or just going out of business because i can’t get the traction required to make my service a success and so nobody wants to fund me because i can’t prove out my growth model?”

Lane Becker, GetSatisfaction

comment on Like It Matters

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http://www.brianoberkirch.com/2008/01/04/this-antipattern-is-kryptonite-to-the-open-social-web/




“Ethical dilemmas occur when values are in conflict.”

Source: American Library Association Code of Ethics - adopted June 28, 1995

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Social Software Building BlocksIdentity - a way of uniquely identifying people in the system

Presence - a way of knowing who is online, available or otherwise nearby

Relationships - a way of describing how two users in the system are related (e.g. in Flickr, people can be contacts, friends of family)

Conversations - a way of talking to other people through the system

Groups - a way of forming communities of interest

Reputation - a way of knowing the status of other people in the system (who's a good citizen? who can be trusted?)

Sharing - a way of sharing things that are meaningful to participants (like photos or videos)

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“Social Software Building Blocks” by Gene Smith


Conflict: Tagged.comIdentity - misrepresentation

Relationships - reductionism or “everyone is a friend”

Reputation - ʻunfair useʼ

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Misplaced MediationWhat Happens to Design(ers)


Businessvs.

Users


Design becomes conflict mediator• Changes role of design

• Distorts design process

• Misdirects design decisions

3 ShiftsPermeation, Integration, Conflict

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The Walls Are Coming Down

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Introduction The first stage was that of "technological introduction" in which computer technology was developed and refined.

This already occurred in America during the first forty years after the Second World War.

PermeationThe second stage -- one that the industrialized world has only recently entered -- is that of "technological permeation" in which technology gets integrated into everyday human activities and into social institutions, changing the very meaning of fundamental concepts, such as "money", "education", "work", and "fair elections".

James H. Moor

Computer Ethics

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-computer/

“...the computer revolution is occurring in two stages.”




LONDON (Reuters) - While young people embrace the Web with real or virtual friends and their cell phone is never far away, relatively few like technology and those that do tend to be in Brazil, India and China, according to a survey.

Only a handful think of technology as a concept, and just 16 percent use terms like "social networking", said two combined surveys covering 8- to 24-year-olds published on Tuesday by Microsoft and Viacom units MTV Networks and Nickelodeon.

"Young people don't see "tech" as a separate entity - it's an organic part of their lives," said Andrew Davidson, vice president of MTV's VBS International Insight unit.

"Talking to them about the role of technology in their lifestyle would be like talking to kids in the 1980s about the role the park swing or the telephone played in their social lives -- it's invisible."The surveys involved 18,000 young people in 16 countries including the UK, U.S., China, Japan, Canada and Mexico.

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http://www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL236796320070724

Young keep it simple in high-tech world: survey




Social Shift

Spread of social mechanisms and elements

Reification of existing social structures

Products & services acquire social layer

New socially based offerings (SNS)

Designing social systems & experiences

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More Than NetworkingDiverse user groups

Self-defined user communities

Overlapping identities

Group and community dynamics

Social memory

Social identity mechanisms

Reputation banking

Influence trading

Cultural differences

Power distance indexes

White-label social networks

Relationship markups

FOAF

OpenID

OpenSocial

Enterprise 2.0

Knowledge markets

Tagging / folksonomies

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Experiences are multi-lateral



Multi-lateral = potential conflicts


Networks Broadcast Conflict

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Are You Getting Quechup Spammed?

“One site thatʼs catching people off guard is Quechup: weʼve got a volley of complaints about them in the mailbox this weekend, and a quick Google reveals that others were caught out too.

The issue lies with their “check for friends” form: during signup youʼre asked to enter your email address and password to see whether any of your friends are already on the service.

Enter the password, however, and it will proceed to mail all your contacts without asking permission. This has led to many users issuing apologies to their friends for “spamming” them inadvertently. Hopefully the bad PR on this one will force them to change the system.”

September 2, 2007 Pete Cashmore

http://mashable.com/2007/09/02/quechup/




Social Network Anti-Patterns1. Spam Your Contacts

2. Enter Your Other Site Log-in

3. Join to Fix Your Profile

4. One Unified Social Network

5. I Heard You the First Time

6. Wonʼt Take No For An Answer

7. ??

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http://microformats.org/wiki/snpantipatterns




Rise of the SPIME

Virtual and physical boundaries blur

Objects, spaces, information interact

Products, services & data connectedIPv6 & RFID

GIS & geo-location

Ubiquitous connectivity

Smart Objects Product Life Cycle Management

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In the future, an object's life begins on a graphics screen. It is born digital. Its design specs

accompany it throughout its life. It is inseparable from that original digital blueprint, which rules the material world. This object is going to tell you -- if you ask -- everything that an expert would tell you about it. Because it WANTS you to become an expert.

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When Blobjects Rule the Earthby Bruce Sterling

SIGGRAPH, Los Angeles, August 2004

http://blog.wired.com/sterling/


http://www.siggraph.org/



Data Portability

Data portability is about you, the user, being able to move and use your data across space and across time.

your data - whether you created it or purchased itacross space - different websites, different devices, different media, different applications, space-shifting in generalacross time - archiving at one point in time, retrieving at another point in time, time-shifting in general

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http://microformats.org/wiki/data-portability




Experiences are multi-dimensional


What happens when you can tap into the physical experience of every person you've ever received a business card from?

How are we going to handle the social boundaries then?

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boyd, danah. 2007. "Incantations for Muggles: The Role of Ubiquitous Web 2.0 Technologies in Everyday Life." O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference, San Diego, CA. March 28.

http://www.danah.org/papers/Etech2007.html




New dimensions = new conflicts


Mediated publics have four properties that are not present in unmediated publics:

• Persistence

• Searchability

• Replicability

• Invisible Audiences

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DIY (Do It Yourself) Shift

Lowered entry barriers to design and create

Creator vs. consumer distinction blurs

Flattened control & management structures

Fluid economic and cultural models

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The DIY Shift

• Web 2.0, culture of contribution, self-publishing

• Commoditized design, development & manufacturing

• ʻShadow ITʼ

• Open Source & public data sets

• APIs, Web Services, SOA

• Mashup infrastructure: Yahoo Pipes, Google Gadgets

• Physical goods: fab, ReadyMade, Make

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Industrial Production Model

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Experiences are co-created


Ecology of Co-creation

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iPad Touch ProductConceptRenderings

http://factoryjoe.com

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http://factoryjoe.com/blog/2007/11/05/apple-tablet-concept-the-ipad-touch/

http://factoryjoe.com/blog/2007/11/05/apple-tablet-concept-the-ipad-touch/


Co-creation = conflicting agendas

Integrated ExperiencesA Conflicted Future


Integrated Experiences & Environmentssocially sensitive

legally regulated

contextually ambiguous

physically uncomfortable

cognitively stressful

erratically connected

biologically / medically sensitive

ecologically constrained

culturally diverse

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Integration “amplifies” experiencesSocial & systemic mechanisms:

• sharing

• broadcasting

• feedback

• catalysis

• synchronization

increases ethical impact of design decisions

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= ???Broadcast

+Co-creationAmplification

+


Integration creates conflicts

Hybrids & DesignDIY, New Roles, Shared Responsibility


“The systems we keep will be hybrid creations. They will have a strong rootstock of peer-to-peer generation, grafted below highly refined strains of controlling functions. Sturdy, robust foundations of user-made content and crowd-sourced innovation will

feed very small slivers of leadership agility. Pure plays of 100% smart mobs or 100% smart elites will be rare.

The real art of business and organizations in the network economy will not be in harnessing the crowd of "everybody" (simple!) but in finding the appropriate hybrid mix of bottom and top for each niche, at the right time. The mix of control/no-control will shift as a system grows and matures.”

Kevin Kelly The Bottom is Not Enough

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http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/02/the_bottom_is_n.php




Design: Then

5588

component

product / solution

template

systemScope

Persistence

pattern


Platforms and Frameworks

Networks

Games and Self-Teaching Systems

Processes and Services

Physical and Emotional Environments

Systems

Communities

The New Designer


Design: Now

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component

product / solution

template

system

process / service

environment / framework

standard

Scope

Persistence

network

pattern

Designers

Co-creators / DIY


Designers create the tools other people use to create experiences for themselves, and the world.

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Social IA:“shared design of semi-structured information environments”

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"I created the platform, and then I got out of the way. Sometimes the best thing you can do is get out of the way.''Craig Newmark

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http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/10/10/LVGU693SFD1.DTL




“A typical problem in computer ethics arises because there is a policy vacuum about how computer technology should be used. Computers provide us with new capabilities and these in turn give us new choices for action.

Often, either no policies for conduct in these situations exist or

existing policies seem inadequate. A central task of computer ethics is to determine what we should do in such cases, that is, formulate policies to guide our actions....

One difficulty is that along with a policy vacuum there is often a conceptual vacuum. Although a problem in computer ethics may seem clear initially, a little reflection reveals a conceptual muddle.”

Moor, James H. (1985) "What Is Computer Ethics?" In Bynum, Terrell Ward, ed. (1985) Computers and Ethics, Blackwell, 266-75.

[Published as the October 1985 issue of Metaphilosophy.]


“Just as the major ethical theories of Bentham and Kant were developed in response to the printing

press revolution, so a new ethical theory is likely to emerge from computer ethics in response to the computer revolution.”

Krystyna Gorniak-Kocikowska, "The Computer Revolution and the Problem of Global Ethics" 1996,


Design must find effective ways to manage conflict, encourage

the creation of ethical experiences, and avoid ethically

unsatisfactory compromises.

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Managing ConflictPractical Suggestions


Professional Codes• top-down• costly• slow to change• general

...Do not help resolve conflicts


UX Design approaches do not address conflictElements of Experience

Emotional Design

Forces of User Experience

Experience Design

Design Maturity Model

Making Meaning

User Centered Design

User Experience Honeycomb

User Centric Design

Contextual Design

Activity Centered Design

Participatory Design


“The Ethical Design Kit”

Strategy

Clear Goals

Simple Process

Neutral Framework

Practical Tools & Techniques

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Treat conflict as a natural part of integrated experiencesFrame conflict as “new layer” of experience model

Adapt common design methods and tools

Include conflict as a subject from the start

Address conflicts as they arise

Insist on resolution


Ethical FadingWhen ethical fading occurs, a person does not realize that the decision she is making has ethical implications, and ethical criteria do not enter into her decision.

When the ethical dimensions of the decision are hidden, the should self has no reason to be activated, the want self is allowed to freely dominate the decision and unethical behavior ensues.

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Why We Aren’t as Ethical as We Think We Are: A Temporal Explanation


3 Goals for Design

1Create ethical experiences

Our most important goal in this effort is to ensure the user experiences we create are ethical in every aspect.

2Focus on Design,

not mediation

3Use Design compromises

for Design problems

A second goal is to remove design from the uncomfortable position of ad-hoc mediator for unresolved conflicts between other perspectives and stakeholders, conflicts that get ʻpassed downʼ to design for resolution

A third goal is to eliminate (reduce) design compromises made to satisfy external conflicts: Design compromises should resolve design problems, not ethical dilemmas or conflicts between stakeholders.


Conflict Resolution Process1. Discover: When a conflict arises, identify the sources of the conflict in terms of ethical or

other values (for example, privacy laws and preferences) affected, as well as all affected parties.

2. Understand: Explore the implications of conflicts (ethical, legal, experiential, business, design, etc.), as well as the tradeoffs and costs vs. benefits of likely compromises.

3. Educate: Share insights and understanding with all relevant stakeholders.

4. Resolve: Identify resolution strategies and possible compromises. Using agreed on resolution mechanisms, resolve the identified conflict before making design decisions.

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In Conflict, Frameworks Are Your Friend

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FrameworksAddresses direct concerns of stakeholders

Neutral

Serves as mediator

Guides resolution activities

Stable language

Allows assessment and comparison of alternatives

Sell once, use often

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Structural Qualitative


Ethical Principals for UX in Ubiquitous Computing1. Default to harmlessness.

Ubiquitous systems must default to a mode that ensures their usersʼ (physical, psychic and financial) safety.

2. Be self-disclosing.

Ubiquitous systems must contain provisions for immediate and transparent querying of their ownership, use, capabilities, etc., such that human beings encountering them are empowered to make informed decisions regarding exposure to same.

3. Be conservative of face.

Ubiquitous systems are always already social systems, and must contain provisions such that wherever possible they not unnecessarily embarrass, humiliate, or shame their users.

4. Be conservative of time.

Ubiquitous systems must not introduce undue complications into ordinary operations.

5. Be deniable.

Ubiquitous systems must offer users the ability to opt out, always and at any point.

http://www.boxesandarrows.com/view/all_watched_over_by_machines_of_loving_grace_some_ethical_guidelines_for_user_experience_in_ubiquitous_computing_settings_1_

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September 5, 2007

A Bill of Rights for Users of the Social WebFiled under: Open Social Web — jsmarr @ 5:31 am Preamble:There are already many who support the ideas laid out in this Bill of Rights, but we are actively seeking to grow the roster of those publicly backing the principles and approaches it outlines. That said, this Bill of Rights is not a document “carved in stone” (or written on paper). It is a blog post, and it is intended to spur conversation and debate, which will naturally lead to tweaks of the language. So, let’s get the dialogue going and get as many of the major stakeholders on board as we can!

A Bill of Rights for Users of the Social WebAuthored by Joseph Smarr, Marc Canter, Robert Scoble, and Michael ArringtonSeptember 4, 2007

We publicly assert that all users of the social web are entitled to certain fundamental rights, specifically:

• Ownership of their own personal information, including: ◦ their own profile data ◦ the list of people they are connected to ◦ the activity stream of content they create; • Control of whether and how such personal information is shared with others; and • Freedom to grant persistent access to their personal information to trusted external sites.

Sites supporting these rights shall:

• Allow their users to syndicate their own profile data, their friends list, and the data that’s shared with them via the service, using a persistent URL or API token and open data formats;

• Allow their users to syndicate their own stream of activity outside the site; • Allow their users to link from their profile pages to external identifiers in a public way; and • Allow their users to discover who else they know is also on their site, using the same external identifiers made

available for lookup within the service.

http://opensocialweb.org/2007/09/05/bill-of-rights/

http://opensocialweb.org/2007/09/05/bill-of-rights/

http://wordpress.com/tag/open-social-web/

http://wordpress.com/tag/open-social-web/

http://josephsmarr.com/

http://josephsmarr.com/

http://marc.blogs.it/

http://marc.blogs.it/

http://scobleizer.com/

http://scobleizer.com/

http://techcrunch.com/

http://techcrunch.com/


Bills of Rights

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Tools & TechniquesPractical Suggestions


Conflict-Aware Design ArtifactsAgnostic: fits most processes, methods and teams

Changes what is documented, not how, when, where

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Ethical“Doing so allows us to see that in choosing the unethical action, we are not choosing the ethical act.”

Unethical“Not doing so allows the ethical choice to hide in the background and helps to fade just how unethical the unethical choice is.”

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“In ethical dilemmas, we should envision two choices before us – the ethical choice and the unethical choice.”


Vision ThemesHow To Address Conflict:

• Prioritize all elements for their importance to the overall vision, ranking them or scoring them using simple criteria. Do not score or rank conflicted items

Vision Themes Stakeholderand Business Requirements

Personas User Goalsand Needs

Scenarios Functional Requirements

ConceptModels

Site Maps

• Identify conflicting elements and set them aside.• When two items conflict directly, require stakeholders to choose only one.• When multiple items conflict, require stakeholders to choose only one. • Treat conflicting instances as optional. Set all conflicting items aside for consideration in the future.• Use a Delphi process to redefine conflicting items. • Require unanimous consent from all stakeholders to include any individual items.• Require unanimous consent from all stakeholders that the collected vision items are those needed and

adequate.


How To Address Conflict:

• Map conflicts back to defined business strategies and goals.• Set aside any requirements that contain or inspire conflict as

tentative / potential / non-material for design purposes.

Stakeholder and Business Requirements




ConceptModels

Site Maps


Map conflicts to business strategy and goalsVision Themes Stakeholder

and Business Requirements



ConceptModels

Site Maps



• Prioritize all personas based on business goals• Identify and call out conflicts for each persona• Identify any personas associated with conflicts. Set them

aside, and then prioritize the remaining personas relative to each other.

PersonasVision Themes Stakeholder




ConceptModels

Site Maps

• Compare the priorities before and after. Large differences indicate personas that may not be essential• Enumerate any individual attributes that conflict. When personas share a conflicted attribute, strike the

attribute from further consideration in the design • Map the persona landscape as a family tree or circle, identifying relationships and conflicts with other

personas.• Remove all personas with more than a maximum number of conflicted relationships• Set a threshold for how many personas associate with conflicts may remain• Remove personas associated with conflicts one at a time, beginning with the lowest priority, until the

threshold is met.


Chen XiangInvestment Banker, Shanghai, China

Surveyor: Emerging Market Development >

Corporate User

Subsidiary Seeker

General Description

Chen is a recent graduate and a new employee of the Bank of China. In his role as an investment banker he will be helping to structure debt offerings and sell them in China’s emerging capital markets. He knows that a respected and authoritative third party assessment of the debt will increase its liquidity and improve its price in the marketplace.

As such he is working to assess the relative advantages and disadvantages of using the emerging local ratings agencies versus the internationally established agencies such as Client.com. He is looking to find the highest levels of transparency, so that he can be confident in whom he chooses to work with moving forward.

Critical User Needs

Learn about Client.com and their operations in China

Select the agency he feels will be best for his clients

Key Job Functions

Assist corporations in raising funds in China’s emerging capital markets

Provides strategic advisory services for mergers, acquisitions and other types of corporate financial transactions

Conflicts and Opportunities

Highlight the breadth and depth of information offered in each country / region

Support localization, allowing content, search parameters, currency, reference indices, and formatting styles to be targeted to user’s preferred region and language

Identify conflicts relevant to individual personasVision Themes Stakeholder




ConceptModels

Site Maps

“I’m looking for a ratings agency I can partner with.”



• Identify instances of direct conflict between individual goals – some will conflict across all types of users

• Identify instances of conflict between types of users based on conflicts in their unique goals.

• Score the severity of any conflicts on a simple scale (1-5) to highlight trouble spots. Set thresholds for how much

User Goals and Needs




ConceptModels

Site Maps

conflict is acceptable.• Total the number of conflicts associated with each goal; above a certain threshold, set the goal aside, and consider addressing it with

another design solution• Total the number of conflicts associated with each user type; above a certain threshold, set the user type aside, and consider

addressing it with another design solution• Total the degree of conflict associated with each goal. If a goal scores high enough, set it aside; problematic goals may be better

met by another design solution• Total the degree of conflict associated with each user type. If a user type scores high enough, set it aside; problematic user types

might be better served by another design solution• Compare the conflict associated with each user type to their relative priority. Remove user types with high conflict scores and lower

priorities. For user types with high priorities and high conflict scores, set them aside and consider providing another design solution.



• Identify scenarios that contain internal conflicts; eg. between the personas mentioned, the goals and needs of a single persona, the environment and the personas mentioned, or otherwise.

• When conflicts across several scenarios are rooted in a single business process, experience, goal, or other element, remove it from the pool of items, and rewrite the scenarios to reflect its absence. If the gestalt is still coherent, set the element.

ScenariosVision Themes Stakeholder




ConceptModels

Site Maps

• Identify and cross reference all scenarios that conflict with any other scenarios in terms of outcome (end state) or starting conditions. Heavily conflicted scenarios point to overlapping intersections of unbalanced needs and goals, concepts, mental models, or other motivators.

• Create scenarios that focus on and relate the root causes of conflicts in terms of values or experiences for the affected personas, instead of framing from the business point of view.

• When conflicts across several scenarios are rooted in a single persona, consider removing the common persona from the expected audience for the design solution

• Compare scenarios that depict or describe a future state for an envisioned solution, product, process, etc. When these scenarios conflict, use a Delphi process to recreate them and resolve conflicts.





ConceptModels

Site Maps



• Cross-reference conflicting requirements by owner or sponsor. Require owners or sponsors to negotiate conflicts independently.

• ʻNarrow the funnelʼ: reduce the number of allowed conflicts at successive revisions of the collected requirements

• Auction a (very) limited set of conflict slots, allowing owners to bid on requirements with a fixed number of points. Reduce the number of conflict slots available in each succeeding version of the functional requirements.

FunctionalRequirements




ConceptModels

Site Maps



• Begin with a simplified single conceptual model. Set aside any objects that inspire conflict in their definition or relationships

• Create additional models to capture different views.• Compare the amount of conflict in each, and choose a single model

to move forward with.• List contested objects / concepts, and rank them in order of priority.

Set aside all conflicted objects below a certain threshold.• Remove all conflicted objects. Set a threshold for the number of

conflicted objects the design will accommodate. • Replace conflicted objects one a time, in order of priority, beginning

with the highest ranking, until the threshold is met.• Remove all instances of a conflicted relationship. Assign each a

priority.• Replace conflicted relationships one a time, in order of priority,

beginning with the highest ranking, until the threshold is met.

Concept ModelsVision Themes Stakeholder




ConceptModels

Site Maps



• Compare / contrast conflicting high-level structures • Build modularly, highlight areas of conflict • Document conflicts in navigation model separately• Flag conflicts in content structure and detailed

information discussed in other artifacts - topic maps, taxonomies, etc.

• Cross-reference to alternative functional interactions and flows (use cases and process flows)

Site MapsVision Themes Stakeholder




ConceptModels

Site Maps


As we sit here and think about the spells that we're casting, let's not forget that some spells are made accidentally and some magic has unintended consequences.

Technology is soaking into the woodwork of society. But we, as technologists, have a responsibility to keep people in mind at all times. Their practices inform us

but our unintended consequences affect them. It is ubiquitous, but

ubiquitous is not always positive. As you build technologies that allow the magic of everyday people to manifest, i ask you to consider the good, the bad, and the ugly.

93


Questions?

Go raibh maith agaibh!

Full version: www.slideshare.net/MoJoe

http://www.slideshare.net/MoJoe

http://www.slideshare.net/MoJoe

Appendix


From: Anonymous <[email protected]>Date: September 13, 2007 10:34:28 AM EDTTo: Joe Lamantia <[email protected]>Subject: Re: Tagged.com email address harvesting

Ugh. Don't make me relive that experience. The funny things is that most of the facebook apps that I'm installing these days feature the opt out method of inviting your friends, e.g. the flixter quiz.

Anyway, here's the apology I wrote to all my contacts. If youpublish anything about this, I would appreciate if you not mention me by name, for obvious reasons.

-Anonymous

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this antipattern is kryptonite to the open social web 04jan08

We keep wagging our collective fingers about this antipattern of asking users to input their credentials for another service but evidently no one is listening. As I see

Plaxo trumpeting a new ’service’ that consists of just this: using your Facebook credentials to scrape your friends’ contact information and import it into Plaxo Pulse, in direct violation of Facebook TOS and in indirect violation of the ethical agreement ‘friends’ make when they offer access to their profiles within the bounds of Facebook.

Let’s be clear about this: designing the open social Web has nothing to do with encouraging users to violate the TOS of another Web service.

Putting users in control of (and teaching them to take responsibility for) their own data and giving them the tools and contextual prompts to do the right thing has nothing to

do with duping them into letting you run a scraping script for your own benefit. It’s time to stop looking the other way when it comes to

this practice and note that your short term gains (in terms of new

users, better meshed users, etc.) come with some high prices in the long run.

Brian Oberkirch


[See this? Don’t do this.]



http://adactio.com/journal/1357

http://adactio.com/journal/1357

http://simonwillison.net/2007/Oct/12/adactio/

http://simonwillison.net/2007/Oct/12/adactio/

http://www.brianoberkirch.com/2007/09/05/should-google-help-us-stop-quechup-spam/

http://www.brianoberkirch.com/2007/09/05/should-google-help-us-stop-quechup-spam/

http://www.brianoberkirch.com/2007/08/14/two-social-system-design-trends-that-should-really-really-stop-like-now/

http://www.brianoberkirch.com/2007/08/14/two-social-system-design-trends-that-should-really-really-stop-like-now/

http://factoryjoe.com/blog/2007/12/19/public-nuisance-1-importing-your-contacts/

http://factoryjoe.com/blog/2007/12/19/public-nuisance-1-importing-your-contacts/

http://flickr.com/search/?q=antipattern&w=25419820%40N00

http://flickr.com/search/?q=antipattern&w=25419820%40N00

http://microformats.org/wiki/social-network-anti-patterns#Upload_your_Address_Book

http://microformats.org/wiki/social-network-anti-patterns#Upload_your_Address_Book




Design works to understand people

• who they are

• how they think

• what they value

• how they feel

Build empathy

Create relationships

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WantThe want self reflects actual behavior that is characterized more by self-interest and by a relative disregard for ethical considerations.

“...our desire to close the sale causes us to make misleading statements”

ShouldThe should self encompasses ethical intentions and the belief that we should behave according to ethical principles.

“we know we should behave ethically when negotiating with our client”



“Social software” is turning out to be the monster that ate everything. Which only makes sense. The Web is inherently social, and so are human beings. Anything that better enables the flow of natural social behaviors (rather than more artificial broadcast/consume behaviors) is going to grow like kudzu in Georgia.

Anybody thinking of social software as a special category of software design needs to wake up and smell the friends list. Everything from eBay to Plaxo is integrating social networking tools into their services, and Google is looking to connect them all together (or at least change the game so that all must comply or die of irrelevance).

Andrew Hinton, Information Architect

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Seven Years, and How Social Software eats everythinghttp://www.inkblurt.com/archives/520

http://www.inkblurt.com/archives/520

http://www.inkblurt.com/archives/520


Designing Web Applications for Use

By Larry Constantine, Constantine & Lockwood, Ltd. - Dec 11, 2006

“A third problem with users is that there are so many of them. And they are all different. They want different things and like different things and react differently. I have watched teams run in circles as they redesign for each new user who gives them feedback on a paper prototype or each new group passing through the usability lab.

The genuine diversity of real people can distract designers from the commonality of their needs and interests.”

http://www.uie.com/articles/designing_web_applications_for_use/




The most important thing to know about Spimes is that they are precisely located in space and time. They have histories. They are recorded, tracked, inventoried, and always associated with a story.

Spimes have identities, they are protagonists of a documented process.

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When Blobjects Rule the Earthby Bruce Sterling

SIGGRAPH, Los Angeles, August 2004






"Privacy and ownership of information are at the core of the social graph issues.

Much like there is a conflict of interest around attention information between online

retailers and users, there is a mismatch between what individuals and companies want from social networks.

When any social network starts, it is hungry to leverage other networks…

But as individuals, we do not care about either young or old networks. We care about ease of use and privacy."

Social Graph: Concepts and Issues, by Alex Iskold

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How Sticky Is Membership on Facebook? Just Try Breaking FreeBy MARIA ASPANPublished: February 11, 2008

While the Web site offers users the option to deactivate their accounts, Facebook servers keep copies of the information in those accounts

indefinitely. Indeed, many users who have contacted Facebook to request that their accounts be deleted have not succeeded in erasing their records from the

network.

“It’s like the Hotel California,” said Nipon Das, 34, a director at a biotechnology consulting firm in Manhattan, who tried unsuccessfully to delete his

account this fall. “You can check out any time you like, but you can never leave.”

The technological hurdles set by Facebook have a business rationale: they allow ex-Facebookers who choose to return the ability to resurrect their

accounts effortlessly. According to an e-mail message from Amy Sezak, a spokeswoman for Facebook, “Deactivated accounts mean that a user can reactivate at

any time and their information will be available again just as they left it.”

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But it also means that disenchanted users cannot disappear from the site without leaving

footprints. Facebook’s terms of use state that “you may remove your user content from the site

at any time,” but also that “you acknowledge that the company may retain archived copies of

your user content.”

Its privacy policy says that after someone deactivates an account, “removed information may

persist in backup copies for a reasonable period of time.”

Facebook’s Web site does not inform departing users that they must delete

information from their account in order to close it fully — meaning that they may

unwittingly leave anything from e-mail addresses to credit card numbers sitting on Facebook

servers.

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/a/maria_aspan/index.html?inline=nyt-per

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/a/maria_aspan/index.html?inline=nyt-per


This is quite different from the society that you and i were used to growing up.

We were used to having walls. We assumed that the norms were set by the environment and that you behaved differently in synagogue than in the pub and that was AOK.

Context was key but context depends on there being walls. Online, there are no walls.

The walls have come crumbling down.

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“Improving our ethical behavior thus requires us to direct our attention toward aligning our want and should selves.”

1. Recognizing our multiple selves

2. Listen to and incorporate the needs of the want self

3. Increase the influence of the should self

4. decrease the influence of the want self

106



Architecture of Participation

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When Everyone Is A Designer: Practical Techniques for Ethical Design in the DIY Future

Technology

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