Estimating Productivity Gap and Contribution of Wheat production.pdf
Wheat Research and Development in Kenya: Current Status and Trends in Productivity
-
Upload
cimmyt-int -
Category
Documents
-
view
1.340 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Wheat Research and Development in Kenya: Current Status and Trends in Productivity
Wheat Research and Development in Kenya : Current Status and Trends in Productivity
Mukisira E., Gethi M., Wanyera R. and Njau P.
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) E mail [email protected]
09/10/012
•Kenya is among the 47
countries that constitute the
sub-Saharan Africa
•About 850 million people are
undernourished, according to
the Food and Agriculture
Organization.
•Sub-Saharan Africa has the
highest proportion of
undernourished people in the
world (200 million).
•In January 2008, the World
Economic Forum predicted that
food insecurity would be among
the top potential threats to the
world economy.
Introduction
Introduction
Factors that contribute to food insecurity in SSA – low agricultural productivity
– limited rural development
– government policy disincentives
– impact of poor health on the agricultural workforce
– rising global commodity prices
– climate change
Introduction
Agricultural productivity
– During the Green Revolution food production in Asia and Latin America increased
No uptake in SSA
– Diverse agroecological zones
– Traditional farming systems
– Mode of cultivation
Introduction
One remarkable way in which crop productivity has increased is through breeding
– High yields
– Fast maturing
– Semidwarf growth habits
– Disease resistance
– Adapted to the local conditions
Wheat is 2nd most important cereal crop after maize
Only bread wheat is cultivated, currently
Current area- 150,000 ha/year
20% of large scale farmers produce 80%
80% of small scale farmers produce 20%
• Production – 350,000 MT
• Demand > 900,000 MT
• Imports > 50%
WHEAT RESEARCH IN KENYA
Wheat growing regions
Wheat Production, Consumption and Import Trend
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Area (Ha) 159,477 150,488 104,176 130,273 131,594 160043 165,445
Yield/ton/ha 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5
Production
(tons)
365,696 358,061 354,249 336,688 315,826 400,107.5 413,612.5
Consumption
(tons)
893,120 903,120 927,956 942,803.3 957,888. 973,214. 988,785
Imports(tons) 621,839 545,059 573,707 606,115 642,063 573,107 575,173
Introduction –Wheat produced in
three main conditions High rainfall areas
like Mau Narok and Timau
Acid soil areas like Uasin Gishu and Trans Nzoia
Low rainfall areas like lower Narok and Laikipia
Introduction
Constraints
– Drought
– Diseases and pests
Rusts stem rust and yellow rust
Russian wheat aphids and BYDV
– Acid soil
– Lodging and sprouting
– Quality
Drought
80% of Kenya is Arid or semi arid
– Characterised by
Low rainfall which is unreliable
Terminal drought
Low yield of less than 2 tons per ha
Flash floods
Diseases
Acid soil condition and other soil related constraints
Objectives
– Three main themes
Wheat improvement for high rainfall environment
– Diseases
– Aphids
– Lodging and sprouting
Acid soil conditions
– Low yield
Low rainfall
– Drought and low yield
• Develop wheat varieties that are widely adapted, high yielding tolerant/resistant to both abiotic and biotic stresses and with acceptable end use qualities
Variety Development Commercial Name
Pedigree
Attitude(masl) Yield potential
t0ns/Ha
Maturity
Period(days)
Kenya Wren
THELIN # 2/TUKURU
1800-2400 8.5 120-130
Robin
BABAX/LR42//BABAX*2/3/TUKURU
1800-2700 8.1 110-120
Kenya Tai ND643/2*WBLL1
1800-2100 6.5 100-110
Kenya Sunbird ND643/2*WBLL1
1800-2100 6.5 100-110
Eagle10
EMB 16/CBRD//CBRD
1800-2100 6.5 100-110
Kenya Korongo
BABAX/LR42//BABAX*2/4/SNI/TRAP#1/
3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ
2100-2400 8.5 120-130
Kenya Kingbird
TAM200/TUI/6/PVN//CAR422/ANA/5/BO
W/CROW//BUC/PVN/3/YR/4/TRAP#1
1800-2400 6.0 90-110
Kenya Hawk12
URES/JUN//KAUZ/3/BABAX/4/TILHI
2100-2400 8.0 120-130
Quality Aspects
Quality evaluation Biotechnology
Pests and disease
Small holder equipments
Fabrication of Zero tillage wheat planter for small scale farmers
Wheat planted by zero tillage planter
Zero tillage wheat planter in the field planting
Dissemination of technologies
Through field days Training
Wheat seed system
Seed harvesting Wheat seed crop
Seed for new varieties being multiplied 200 tons of Robin to be distributed this year Farmer groups growing and sharing seed of new varieties
Way forward
The new approach
– APVC
Cottage industries
Role of livestock industries
Natural resource management and climate change
Collaboration and networking- Partnerships strengthened
Training
THANK YOU