What’s the difference? State- describes an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and...
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Transcript of What’s the difference? State- describes an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and...
Political Geography
What’s the difference? State- describes an independent unit that
occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external forces (country)
Nation- group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity
Nation-state- when a nation and a state occupy the same territory
Types of Government All countries have a specific type of
government Democracy Monarchy Dictatorship RepublicTheocracy
Democracy In a democracy citizens hold political power,
either directly or through elected representatives
Ex. United States, Canada
Republic Citizens of a country have an active role in
the affairs of the government, and the government is not headed by a hereditary ruler such as a king.
Difference between Democracy & Republic ? In a Democracy, the Majority has unlimited
power over the Minority. It has been referred to as "Majority over Man".
In a Republic, the Majority is Limited and constrained by a written Constitution which protects the rights of the Individual and the Minority. The purpose of a Republic form of government is to control the Majority
Monarchy A ruling family headed by a king or queen
holds political power and may or may not share the power with the citizens
Ex. United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia
Dictatorship/Totalitarian system An individual or group holds complete
political powerEx. North Korea, Afghanistan
Theocracy A government ruled by or subject to religious
authorityEx. Iran
Geographic Characteristics of a Country Three geographic characteristics are very
important in describing a country1) SIZE – its not always true that the physical size
of a country determines its wealth and power EX: UK
Although larger nations often have more resources and more people on which to build military and economic power
2) SHAPE- the shape of a country can have an impact on how easily it can be governed, how goods are moved to all areas of the country and how it relates to neighboring countries
Shapes Compact State: the distance from the
geographic center of the area to any point on the boundary does not vary greatly, EX. Hungary.
Elongated State: state that is geographically long and narrow, EX. Chile.
Enclave: portion of a state that is totally surrounded by another state, EX. Armenia
Fragmented State: state split into many pieces, EX. Philippines and Indonesia.
Landlocked State: state not having direct access to an ocean, EX. Bolivia.
Microstate: state that is extremely small, EX. San Marino
Perforated State: state that totally surrounds another state, EX. South Africa.
Prorupt State: state having a portion of territory that is elongated, EX. Thailand
Frontier - zone where no state exercises political control, EX. Antarctica
Back to Geo. Characteristics of a Country 3) LOCATION - The relative location of a
country can be very important. It can determine resources, economy, relationship with neighbors, etc.
EX. How do you think landlocked countries are affected by their location
Lastly….Boundaries Natural Boundaries- based on physical
features of the land Artificial boundaries – fixed line generally
following latitude or longitude lines EX. 49N line that separate US & Canada
Cultural boundaries – boundaries based on cultural aspects such as language
Boundary Disputes May be a source of friction between
competing political entities (flashpoints)May serve as peaceful reminders of
contrasting but accepted differences
Centripetal forces A clearly bounded territory promotes
unity/national stability Centrifugal forces
The more boundaries possessed by a state, the greater is the likelihood of conflict which disrupts unity/national stability