Whats New In Groovy 1.6?

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Guillaume Laforge / Groovy Project Manager / SpringSource

What’s new in Groovy 1.6?

All the novelties of the latest version!

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Guillaume LaforgeGroovy Project Manager — SpringSource

> Working on Groovy since 2003> JSR-241 Spec Lead

> Initiator of the Grails web framework

> Co-author of Groovy in Action

> Speaker: JavaOne, QCon, JavaPolis/Devoxx, JavaZone, Sun Tech Days, SpringOne/The Spring Experience, JAX, DSL DevCon, and more…

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What’s new in Groovy 1.6?Article Published by InfoQ

> This presentation was prepared with the examples I’ve used in my article written for InfoQ

> http://www.infoq.com/articles/groovy-1-6

> Read this article for more detailed explanations of all the new features in Groovy 1.6

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http://www.infoq.com/articles/groovy-1-6

http://www.infoq.com/articles/groovy-1-6

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Agenda

> Groovy Overview> Performance Improvements> Syntax Enhancements> Compile-Time Metaprogramming> The Grape Module System> Swing-Related Improvements> Runtime Metaprogramming Additions> JSR-223 Scripting Engine Built-In> JMX Builder> OSGi Readiness

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Groovy in a NutshellSimplify the Life of Java Developers

> Groovy is a dynamic language for the Java Virtual Machine With a Meta-Object Protocol Compiles down to bytecode

> Open Source Apache licensed project> Relaxed grammar derived from the Java 5

grammar Borrowed some good ideas from Smalltalk/Python/

Ruby Java 5 features out of the box: annotations, generics,

static imports, enums… Flat learning curve

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Features at a Glance> Fully Object-Oriented> Joint compiler: seamless Java integration> Closures: reusable blocks of code / anon functions> Properties: forget about getters and setters> Optional typing: your choice!> BigDecimal arithmetic by default for floating point> Handy APIs

XML, JDBC, JMX, template engine, Swing UIs> Strong ability for authoring Domain-Specific Languages

Syntax-level “builders” Adding properties to numbers: 10.dollars Operator overloading: 10.meters + 20.kilometers

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A Taste of Groovy — Take 1A Normal Java Program

> public class HelloWorld { private String name;

public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }

public String getName() { return name; }

public String greet() { return "Hello "+ name; }

public static void main(String[] args) { HelloWorld helloWorld = new HelloWorld(); helloWorld.setName("Groovy"); System.out.println( helloWorld.greet() ); }}

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A Taste of Groovy — Take 2A Valid Groovy Program

> public class HelloWorld { private String name;

public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }

public String getName() { return name; }

public String greet() { return "Hello "+ name; }

public static void main(String[] args) { HelloWorld helloWorld = new HelloWorld(); helloWorld.setName("Groovy"); System.out.println( helloWorld.greet() ); }}

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A Taste of Groovy — Take 3A Groovier Program!

> class HelloWorld { String name String greet() { "Hello $name" }}

def helloWorld = new HelloWorld(name: "Groovy")println helloWorld.greet()

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The Groovy Web ConsoleA Groovy Playground

> Groovy works nicely on Google App Engine You can also deploy Grails applications

> You can play with Groovy in the web console http://groovyconsole.appspot.com/

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http://groovyconsole.appspot.com/

http://groovyconsole.appspot.com/

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Agenda


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Performance ImprovementsBoth Runtime & Compile-Time

> The Groovyc compiler is 3x to 5x faster With a clever class lookup cache

> Certain online micro-benchmarks show150% to 460% increase in performance compared to Groovy 1.5 Thanks to advanced call-site caching techniques Beware of micro-benchmarks!

> Makes Groovy one of the fastest dynamic languages available

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Multiple AssignmentAssign Multiple Variables at Once

> Newly defined variables def (a, b) = [1, 2]assert a == 1assert b == 2

> Assign to existing variables def lat, lng(lat, lng) = geocode(‘Paris’)

> The classical swap case (a, b) = [b, a]

> Extra elements ⇒ not assigned to any variable> Less elements ⇒ null into extra variables

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More Optional ReturnIn if/else and try/catch Blocks

> The return keyword is optional for the last expression of a method body But if/else & try/catch didn’t return any value

> def method() { if (true) 1 else 0 }assert method() == 1

> def method(bool) { try { if (bool) throw new Exception("foo") 1 } catch(e) { 2 } finally { 3 }} assert method(false) == 1assert method(true) == 2

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Annotation DefinitionThe Missing Bit of Java 5 Support

> Groovy support for Java 5 features is now complete with the missing annotation definition

> Nothing to show here, it’s just normal Java :-)

> Note that the sole dynamic language supporting annotation is… Groovy Opens the door to EJB3 / JPA / Spring annotations /

Guice / TestNG…

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Agenda


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Meta-What?Meta-Programming

> The ability of a language to modify itself

> Groovy 1.6 introduces AST Transformations Abstract Syntax Tree

> Goodbye to a lot of boiler-plate technical code!

> Two kinds of transformations Global transformations Local transformations: triggered by annotations

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AST Transformations in Groovy 1.6Implement Patterns through Transformations

> Several transformations finds their way @Singleton — okay, not really a pattern ;-) @Immutable, @Lazy, @Delegate @Newify @Category and @Mixin @PackageScope Swing’s @Bindable and @Vetoable Grape’s @Grab

> Let’s have a look at some of them!

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@Singleton(Anti-)Pattern Revisited

> The evil Java singleton public class Evil { public static final Evil instance = new Evil (); private Evil () {} Evil getInstance() { return instance; }

}

> In Groovy: @Singleton() class Evil {}

> There’s also a « lazy » version @Singleton(lazy = true) class Evil {}

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@ImmutableThe Immutable… Boiler-Plate Code

> To properly implement immutable classes No mutators (state musn’t change) Private final fields Defensive copying of mutable components Proper equals() / hashCode() / toString() for

comparisons or for keys in maps, etc.

> In Groovy @Immutable final class Coordinates { Double lat, lng}def c1 = new Coordinates(lat: 48.8, lng: 2.5)def c2 = new Coordinates(48.8, 2.5)assert c1 == c2

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@LazyNot Just for Lazy Dudes!

> When you need to lazy evaluate / instantiate complex data structures for class fields, mark them as @Lazy

class Dude { @Lazy pets = retriveFromSlowDB()}

> Groovy will handle the boiler-plate code for you

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@DelegateNot Just for Managers!

> You can delegate to fields of your class Think multiple inheritance class Employee { def doTheWork() { "done" }}

class Manager { @Delegate Employee slave = new Employee()}def god = new Manager()assert god.doTheWork() == "done"

> Damn manager who will get all the praise…

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Agenda


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Grab a GrapeGroovy Advanced Packaging Engine

> Helps you distribute scripts without dependencies> Just declare your dependencies with @Grab

Will look for dependencies in Maven or Ivy repositories

> @Grab(group = 'org.mortbay.jetty', module = 'jetty-embedded', version = '6.1.0')def startServer() { def srv = new Server(8080) def ctx = new Context(srv , "/", SESSIONS); ctx.resourceBase = "." ctx.addServlet(GroovyServlet, "*.groovy") srv.start()}

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@Bindable (1/2)Event-Driven Made Easy

> Speaking of boiler-plate code… property change listeners> import java.beans.PropertyChangeSupport;

import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;

public class MyBean { private String prop; PropertyChangeSupport pcs = new PropertyChangeSupport(this);

public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener l) { pcs.add(l); }

public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener l) { pcs.remove(l); }

public String getProp() {

return prop; }

public void setProp(String prop) { pcs.firePropertyChanged("prop", this.prop, this.prop = prop); }}

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@Bindable (2/2)Event-Driven Made Easy

> Groovy’s solution class MyBean { @Bindable String prop}

> Interesting in Griffon and Swing builder textField text: bind { myBean.prop }

> Also of interest: @Vetoable

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GriffonThe Swing MVC Framework

> Leverages Groovy’s SwingBuilder and Grails’ infrastructure http://griffon.codehaus.org

> Don’t miss the next session on!

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http://griffon.codehaus.org

http://griffon.codehaus.org

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Swing Console Improvements

> The console can be run as an applet> Code indentation support> Script drag’n drop> Add JARs in the classpath from the GUI> Execution results visualization plugin> Clickable stacktraces and error messages

> Not intended to be a full-blown IDE, but handy

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ExpandoMetaClass DSLLess Repetition

> EMC is a way to change the behavior of types at runtime

> Before Number.metaClass.multiply = { Amount amount -> amount.times(delegate) }Number.metaClass.div = { Amount amount -> amount.inverse().times(delegate) }

> Now in Groovy 1.6 Number.metaClass { multiply { Amount amount -> amount.times(delegate) } div { Amount amount -> amount.inverse().times(delegate) }}

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Runtime MixinsInject New Behavior to Types at Runtime

> class FlyingAbility { def fly() { "I'm ${name} and I fly!" }}

class JamesBondVehicle { String getName() { "James Bond's vehicle" }}

JamesBondVehicle.mixin FlyingAbility

assert new JamesBondVehicle().fly() == "I'm James Bond's vehicle and I fly!"

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javax.script.* Scripting APIsGroovy Scripting Engine Built-In

> In Groovy 1.6, the JSR-223 / javax.script.* scripting engine for Groovy is bundled

import javax.script.*def manager = new ScriptEngineManager()def engine = manager.getEngineByName("groovy")assert engine.evaluate("2 + 3") == 5

> To evaluate Groovy scripts at runtime in your application, just drop the Groovy JAR in your classpath!

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JMX Builder (1/2)Domain-Specific Language for JMX

> Simplify JMX handling with a Builder pattern approach> Declaratively expose Java/Groovy objects as MBeans> JMX's event model support

Inline closures to create event handler & broadcaster Closures for receiving event notifications

> Provides a flexible registration policy for MBean> Exposes attribute, constructors, operations, parameters,

and notifications> Simplified creation of connector servers & clients> Support for exporting JMX timers

> http://groovy.codehaus.org/Groovy+JmxBuilder38

http://groovy.codehaus.org/Groovy+JmxBuilder









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JMX Builder (2/2)Examples

> Create a connector server def jmx = new JmxBuilder()jmx.connectorServer(port:9000).start()

> Create a connector client jmx.connectorClient(port:9000).connect()

> Export a bean jmx.export { bean new MyService() }

> Defining a timer jmx.timer(name: "jmx.builder:type=Timer", event: "heartbeat", period: "1s").start()

> JMX listener jmx.listener(event: "…", from: "foo", call: { event -> …})

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OSGi Readiness

> The Groovy JAR contains OSGi metadata Can be reused in OSGi containers out-of-the-box

> Tutorials on Groovy and OSGi http://groovy.codehaus.org/OSGi+and+Groovy Will show you how to load Groovy as a service, write,

publish and consume Groovy services, and more

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http://groovy.codehaus.org/OSGi+and+Groovy

http://groovy.codehaus.org/OSGi+and+Groovy

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Summary

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SummaryJust Remember that Groovy Rocks! :-)

> Groovy 1.6 provides Important performance gains Efficient compile-time metaprogramming hooks New useful features (JMX, javax.script.*, etc.) A script dependencies system Various Swing-related improvements Several runtime metaprogramming additions

> Get it now! http://groovy.codehaus.org/Download

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http://groovy.codehaus.org/Download

http://groovy.codehaus.org/Download

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Question & Answers

Whats New In Groovy 1.6?

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