What Works in the Classroom: Identifying and Implementing Evidence-Based Practices for Learners who Struggle Melissa Jones-Bromenshenkel Eastern Illinois University What Does Evidence Mean? It Depends on Who You Ask! IRA (2002)idencedBasedPosition.aspxidencedBasedPosition.aspx CEC (2014 revised from 2005)Resources-Original?sc_lang=enResources-Original?sc_lang=en WWC and other organizations/sites Other Fields Research design, quality, quantity magnitude of effect (i.e. what is most likely to work and for whom) Research- Based Scientifically Validated Proven Practices Best Practices Recommended Practices Data- Based Empirical Why Rely on the Evidence? No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB, 2001) Education Sciences Reform Act (ESRA) of 2002 Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA, 2004) The Nature of Education/ Learners who Struggle Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo Another Example: Word Activity Word Activity Bed Rest Awake Tired Dream Wake Snooze Blanket Doze Slumber Snore Nap Peace Yawn Drowsy Your Task (using scratch paper and pencil) Write down as many as you can most people get to about number 7 Discuss Word Activity Bed Rest Awake Tired Dream Wake Snooze Blanket Doze Slumber Snore Nap Peace Yawn Drowsy Why Rely on the Evidence? No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB, 2001) Education Sciences Reform Act (ESRA) of 2002 Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA, 2004) The Nature of Education/Learners who Struggle The Nature of Humans (Teachers) What Does the Evidence Say Where Do I Find It? Professional Journals Reading Research Quarterly, The Reading Teacher, Teaching Exceptional Children, Remedial and Special Education, Intervention in School and Clinic Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, etc ERICMeta-analysesOrganization Reports Websites How Do I Use the Evidence? (Kretlow & Blatz, 2011) 1.Access the Evidence 2.Be Careful with Fidelity 3.Check for Effectiveness Access the Evidence (Torres, Farley, & Cook, 2012) What Works Clearinghouse Best Evidence Encyclopedia Florida Center for Reading Research Big Ideas in Beginning Reading Big Ideas in Beginning Reading NSW Centre for Effective Reading NSW Centre for Effective Reading Power Up What Works LD Practice Alerts Center on Instruction IRIS Center Modules The National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders One of Our Own Places for Additional Information Be Careful with Fidelity Understand the practice/intervention (inside and out) Analyze how it fits with your students/setting/skills Begin with the end Identify KEY components How much, how often, where/when/who Consider extraneous variables In existence and free Check for Effectiveness Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. 1.Decide how you will know if a practice is working Progress Monitor Hard Data Qualitative Data Notes, Student Comments, Teacher and Parent Perceptions 2.Decide how long you will allow it to be tried 3.Determine differentiated supports, minor revisions, generalization ideas and potential PLAN Bs 4.Re-review the literature and implementation checklist before discontinuing Are There Cautions and Concerns? Terminology and Standards are Confusing Even EBPs DONT work for EVERY Child, in EVERY Setting, EVERY time! Fidelity of Implementation is challenging at best Decision-Making must take into consideration a variety of factors Not being an EBP does NOT mean it cannot be effective Consider best available References Burns, M. K., & Ysseldyke, J. E. (2009). Reported prevalence of evidence-based instructional practices in special education. Journal of Special Education, 43, 311. Cook, B.G., & Cook, S.C. (2011). Unraveling evidence-based practices in special education. Journal of Special Education, 47, Cook, B.G., & Odom, S. L (2013). Evidence-based practices and implementation science in special education. Exceptional Children, 79, Cook, B. G., & Schirmer, B. R. (Eds.). (2006). What is special about special education: The role of evidence-based practices. Austin, TX: PRO-ED. Cook, B. G., Tankersley, M., Cook, L., & Landrum, T. J. (2008). Evidence-based practices in special education: Some practical considerations. Intervention in School and Clinic, 44, 6975. Kretlow, A.G. & Blatz, S.L. (2011). The ABCs of evidence-based practice for teachers. Teaching Exceptional Children, 43, Torres, C., Farley, C., & Cook, B. (2012). A special educator's guide to successfully implementing evidence-based practices. Teaching Exceptional Children, 45 (1),