What structures network structure
-
Upload
jennifer-lee-schultz -
Category
Technology
-
view
117 -
download
0
Transcript of What structures network structure
![Page 1: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What Structures Network Structure?
How Culture, Class, and Context Influence the Creation of Social Capital
![Page 2: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Network Structure Social Capital
Access to social capital can have powerful effects on life chances (health, well-being, employment opportunities, creativity, new information, material security, etc.)
Social networks are important (in part) because of the role they play in social capital formation.
2
![Page 3: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
x Network Structure Social Capital
Research Question
What are the factors that influence personal networks to form according to one structure or another?
3
![Page 4: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Review of Previous Work
• Bridging, and Contexts
• Variation in Social Networks Across Class, Culture, and Context.
3
![Page 5: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Strong and Weak Ties
According to Granovetter (1973) in “The Strength of Weak Ties”, no strong tie can be a bridge.
5
![Page 6: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
![Page 7: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Risks of Redundant Ties
Which yellow node is most likely to experience upward mobility? Why?
7
![Page 8: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Context/Setting
Virtually all relationships grow out of interactions conducted in a particular setting.
8
![Page 9: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Expectation
Separated settings may make strong ties resistant to network redundancy, therefore:
Under conditions of separation between settings, it is possible for strong ties to function as bridges.
9
![Page 10: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Research Design
• Recruited female respondents between the ages of 25-55, from 6 occupational classes: Food Service, Cashier, Sales Clerk, Psychologist, Attorney, University Professor.
• Data collected: Open-Ended Interviews, along with Social Map Exercise.
10
![Page 11: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Social Map Exercise
11
![Page 12: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Selected Findings
• Settings were influential in how respondent’s ties were (and were not) maintained over time.
12
![Page 13: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Setting-Structured Interaction
“Gina doesn’t go outside her comfort zone ever. She can be really rude sometimes...I’m really good at integrating into other people’s groups but I don’t necessarily want to integrate—I don’t feel like I’m enough of an essential part of a group to the be the glue that keeps a group together...And there are people who are like that, who make the phone call and everyone comes. But I just go where the party’s at. And I make friends there and I’m fine, but I don’t make the party [come] together.” 13
![Page 14: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Setting-Structured Interaction
This passive acceptance that interaction is fundamentally structured by settings left Ruth vulnerable to loss of social capital.
14
![Page 15: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Class culture vis-à-vis settings
To an average middle class person, there is nothing strange about asking a workmate to come over, or go to the mall or a weekend lunch. Middle class friends recognize “that potentially their interaction could occur in any number of situations" (Allan 1977:390)
In contrast, for the working class, it does not necessarily follow that enjoying a person's company in a specific context would mean you should begin to integrate the person into other settings of your life (Allan 1977).
15
![Page 16: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Material Resources vis-à-vis Settings
Access to material resources also shaped how respondents engaged with settings.
Lower-income respondents had more neighborhood friends and high school friends than did the higher income respondents.
Higher-income respondents had more work friends and university friends than the lower income respondents, even those lower-income respondents who had attended some college classes.
16
![Page 17: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Lack of resources can be a barrier to having friends that “stick”
17
![Page 18: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Lack of resources can be a barrier to having friends that “stick”R: The people that made it to my list are people I’ve known since high school. The people in [name] college, they’re okay.
I: They didn’t stick the same way?
R: I didn’t have the same college experience people around me did, where they went to [beach 4 hours’ drive from the university] every weekend. One of my friends I remember coming back from Spring Break going, “I don’t know what I did, I think somebody slipped me something.” And I’m like, “You know, that couldn’t happen to me, because I worked,” [laughs] there’s no way I could—I wouldn’t be able to spend the weekend [there], doing all that.
I: Getting ‘roofied’.
R: That’s why I went through that wild phase after I graduated. Because I didn’t do it at all when I was at school. I was working. I paid my way. Those of us who did work, we worked on the weekends and at night, and whenever we weren’t in school we were working. I picture those people...Well, you get to know people that way because—when you get drunk with somebody at some bar, you get to know them. [laughs] When I was in high school I could be like that. Sure I had my summer jobs but it wasn’t like when I graduated and was in college.
I: You had to be more serious [in college].
R: Right. 18
![Page 19: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ample resources can facilitate having friends that “stick”
19
![Page 20: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ample resources can facilitate having friends that “stick”
R: For me, I have a lot of friends from college that I don’t talk to, but I know that if something happened to Chris or me, they would be there without any sort of question and vice-versa. We don’t have to know what each other had for lunch each day to know we had that.
I: Did you work in college?
R: Yes-- well, I interned part-time over the summers, but I didn’t get paid.
20
![Page 21: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Selected Findings
• A periodic friend is a person with whom the original context has been lost, but the relationship endures, every now and then, with high relationship commitment but low contact frequency.
• The existence of these friends challenges our understanding of strong/weak ties.
21
![Page 22: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Summary
Cultural templates surrounding the practice of friendship may affect one’s ability to acquire--or one’s risk of losing-- social capital.
Material resources can impact the how robustly people are able to socialize within a setting.
There are important voluntary relationships that are high-commitment and low-contact. Frequently these arise when a relationship has outlived its original context. This challenges SNA’s prevalent assumption that contact and commitment are typically highly correlated. 22
![Page 23: What structures network structure](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062704/55625618d8b42a1b4b8b5185/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
That’s it!