What role does leadership, tactics, and terrain play in battle?
What role does leadership, tactics, and terrain play in battle?
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Transcript of What role does leadership, tactics, and terrain play in battle?
What role does
leadership, tactics, and
terrain play in battle?
Battle of Gettysburg
July 1 – 3, 1863
Gettysburg Pre Quiz
• Write down everything you know about…– People– Events– Statistics– Tactics– Places– Dates/Times– Weapons
MILITARY SCIENCE 101
• Levels of Warfare
• Terrain & Symbology
• Principals of War
• Tactics
• Weapons
Levels of Warfare
• Strategic
• Operational
• Tactical
CSA: Win the South’s IndependenceCSA: Gain Recognition from Great Britain & FranceUSA: Maintain the Union
CSA: Threaten the Washington, D.C.USA: Get the CSA army out of the NorthUSA: Destroy the offensive capability of the CSA army
CSA: Destroy offensive capability of Union armyUSA: Get the CSA army out of the NorthUSA: Destroy the offensive capability of the CSA army
Military Maps Colors
• Black = Man-made objects (roads,
building, etc.)
• Brown = Elevation & Contour Lines
• Green = Woods, Vegetation
• Blue = Water
Terrain Analysis
• O bservation
• C over & Concealment
• O bstacles
• K ey Terrain
• A venues of Approach
Military Symbology—Unit Type
xxx
• Friendly Force = BLUE
• Enemy Force = RED
1 1st Infantry Corps
Type of unit
Size of unit
Unit Number
Military Symbology—Unit Type
xx
• Friendly Force = BLUE
• Enemy Force = RED
33rd Cavalry Division
Type of unit
Size of unit
Unit Number
Unit Size Indicators
Squad Team/Section
Platoon
Company I
Battalion II
Regiment III
Brigade X
Division XX
Corps XXX
Army XXXX
Army GroupXXXXX
• Mass
• Objective
• Unity of Command
• Simplicity
• Economy of Force
MOUSEMOSS
Principles of War
• Maneuver
• O ffense
• Surprise
• Security
Terms
• Center of Gravity (Capitols)
• Culmination– Point in which offense is no longer
viable.
• Offense, Defense, Maneuver
• 3:1
• Reserve Force
Gettysburg Terrain
Major Players
• Buford
• Reynolds
• Hancock
• Meade
• Chamberlain
• Sickles
• Lee
• Longstreet
• Ewell
• Stuart
• Pickett
• AP Hill
• Heth
Fortunes of War(a.k.a. “dumb luck”)
• Jackson KIA Chancellorville
• J.E.B. Stuart’s joy ride
• Neither side had sense of size/loc
Offensive Maneuvers
• Frontal Attack
• Flank Attack
• Echelon Attack
• Envelopment
Tactics
• Napoleonic – massing of firepower– Formations
• Rifled Musket
• Rifled Cannon
• Trench warfare (defense)
• Pickets
• Skirmish lines
Weaponry
• Rifled Musket– French Mini Ball
• Rifled Cannon– Solid– Shell– Case– Canister
• Breech Loaders• Cartridge Ammo• Gatlin Gun
USA Order of Battle
CSA Order of Battle
Day 0(Chance Encounter)
• Union Calvary looking for Lee’s Army• Notice some Confederate soldiers north
of Gettysburg• Gettysburg key terrain• Occupies northern high ground and
sends word to Meade• Union consolidate on high ground and
wait for reinforcements
Day I(CSA favor)
• Buford (Cavalry w/breechloaders!)
• Avoid large engagement
• Ewell given option to continue attackdoesn’t
• Union consolidate on high ground and wait for reinforcements
10:00 AM
11:30 AM
Tactics Exercise I
• Analyze Terrain
• Consider Weapons
• Consider what is known about the enemy
• Your first move?
Your Course of Actionvs
The Real World
Day 2(Draw)
• Not allowed to shift right
• Echelon attack not synched
• Ewell not ready until after sunset
• Fishhook• High Ground• Little Round
Top
AM
4:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:30 PM
6:30 PM
6:30 PM
Little Round Top
• Chamberlain
• 6 waves
• 60 rnds per man
• Union flank exposed
• Unconventional Tactic
• Medal of Honor Award
Day 3 (US)
• 7 hr slugfest (am)
• Cannon battle (2 hrs)– 140 miles
• Confederates concentrate on center
• Pickett’s Charge– 12,000– 1 mile in the open– 75% casualty rate
Significance• Gettysburg last time Confederate Army able
to go on the strategic offensive (invade)Culmination point for the South.
• No hope of foreign recognition after loss.
• Meade allows Lee to withdraw and not pursuefighting goes on for another 2 years.
• Provided Lincoln with a big psychological win
Conclusion(notecard)
• It surprised me to learn…
• How does Leadership, Tactics, and Terrain influence battles?
• What did you like about today’s class?