What questions do you have about citing?

DO you have questions??

In-text Citations• When using in-text citations, make sure to use

the author last name if known. This is your first priority.

• If unknown, then use a shortened version of the article title. Make sure to put it in quotation marks.

Example: (“Should Media”).

Punctuation

• Don’t forget that the punctuation in a sentence follows the in-text citation. This is the case for periods, question marks, and exclamation points.

Example: One question that researchers commonly propose

is this: “Do video games really affect children mentally” (Johnson 4)?

When using quotes of four lines or longer

There is evidence that shows why too much television is bad:

The April 2004 issue of Pedriatrics Magazine shows

that too much television can produce increased anxiety,

fear, and even violence in children as young as three, and

this has been documented on multiple occasions. (Leu par. 2)

Clearly television use must be monitored by parents and guardian figures to

show children what is appropriate.

Note: NO quotation marks Double-spacePlacement of the period

When using a quote within a quote

• “Miley Cyrus has been heard saying, ‘OMG! Look at that picture of me’” (“Teens Today”)!

• Note: Single quotation mark for quoted material; regular quotation mark surrounds entire quote

Paraphrasing vs. Direct Quotes• “When using a direct quote (i.e. you are not changing

any words in the selection you are utilizing), you MUST use quotation marks. Include an in-text citation after” (Brown 1).

• If you are putting the information into your own words, do so but know that you still must include an in-text citation (Brown 2).

• If you are using only a portion of a “direct quote,” use quotation marks for those words only. Then cite (Brown 3).

When using the same source

• Once you use a source, you do not need to repeat that source every single time, say, if you proceed to quote it three more times in a paragraph. Use it the first time, then include only the page or paragraph number.

Example

• Today, most cartoons have some sort of violence in them. This causes children to “think that violence is acceptable” (Hossler par. 2). The major effect is that “children may be less sensitive to pain and suffering” (par. 3). Ultimately, violence will be eliminated, but until that happens, children will still reap the negative benefits of violent cartoons. They will “become aggressive or use harmful actions toward others” (par. 6).

Now, while the citations are correct,

what’s wrong with the previous paragraph

??

Now, what happens if you try to eat a sandwich with the

bottom bread missing?

Any volunteers?

So…A sandwich?

Every good paragraph that utilizes research should be set up like a sandwich:

Top bread: A topic sentence that introduces the idea

The filling: Research to support your idea

Bottom bread: Your analysis VERY IMPORTANT!

Check your Works Cited page!

• Is it double-spaced?

• Are the second and any proceeding lines indented?

• Did you use MLA format?

• Did you check spelling and punctuation?

Other Question

s??

Common errors I am still seeing…!!!

• Word choice issues• Lack of proofreading (!!!)• Numbers: Spell out words of two or fewer.• Fluency• You, would, always• Tense• “is because”