What Next?What Next?The Future of TerrorismThe Future of Terrorism

Four Theoretical “Waves” of Terrorist ViolenceFour Theoretical “Waves” of Terrorist Violence

Anarchist: 1880s to the end of World War I.Anarchist: 1880s to the end of World War I. Anti-colonial: End of World War I until the late Anti-colonial: End of World War I until the late

1960s.1960s. New Left wave: 1960s to the near present.New Left wave: 1960s to the near present. Religious: About 1980 to the present.Religious: About 1980 to the present.

2121stst Century Terrorist Environments Century Terrorist Environments

State-sponsored terrorism.State-sponsored terrorism. Dissident terrorism.Dissident terrorism. Religious terrorism.Religious terrorism. Ideological terrorism.Ideological terrorism. Criminal dissident terrorism.Criminal dissident terrorism.

Future Sources of TerrorismFuture Sources of Terrorism

The Middle east.The Middle east. Palestine and Israel.Palestine and Israel. Latin America.Latin America. Europe.Europe. Africa.Africa. Asia.Asia.

High-Tech TerrorismHigh-Tech Terrorism

Information technologies and Cyberterrorism.Information technologies and Cyberterrorism. Weapons of mass destruction.Weapons of mass destruction. Case: Exotic technologies.Case: Exotic technologies.

Soft Targets and Terrorist SymbolismSoft Targets and Terrorist Symbolism

Government ResponsesGovernment Responses

Societal ResponsesSocietal Responses

Countering ExtremismCountering Extremism

New Fronts in a New WarNew Fronts in a New War

Covert shadow wars.Covert shadow wars. Domestic “Homeland” security measures.Domestic “Homeland” security measures. Counterterrorist financial operations.Counterterrorist financial operations. Global surveillance of communications Global surveillance of communications

technologies.technologies. Identifying and disrupting transnational Identifying and disrupting transnational

terrorist cells and support networks.terrorist cells and support networks.

Continued Utility of ForceContinued Utility of Force

Elimination of terrorist threats.Elimination of terrorist threats. General deterrence.General deterrence. Specific deterrence.Specific deterrence. Demonstrations of national will.Demonstrations of national will.

Countering Terrorist Financial OperationsCountering Terrorist Financial Operations

Finding hidden fortunes.Finding hidden fortunes. Case: Hawala.Case: Hawala.

Counterterrorist Surveillance Counterterrorist Surveillance TechnologiesTechnologies

Case: Carnivore (DCS-1000).Case: Carnivore (DCS-1000). Case: EchelonCase: Echelon

The Case for International CooperationThe Case for International Cooperation

Intelligence and law enforcement.Intelligence and law enforcement.

The Future of International TerrorismThe Future of International Terrorism

The Future of the Violent LeftThe Future of the Violent Left

The Future of the Violent RightThe Future of the Violent Right