What makes water so special?mormando-aticila.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/9/6/58962713/water... ·...
Transcript of What makes water so special?mormando-aticila.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/9/6/58962713/water... ·...
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What makes water so special?
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Water
•A water molecule (H2O), is
made up of three atoms --- one
oxygen and two hydrogen.
H
HO
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Atom review
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Bonding review
• Animations on atomic bonding
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So…what makes water so special?
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Water is Polar!!!!
• The oxygen end “acts” negative
• The hydrogen end “acts” positive
• Causes the water to be POLAR, like a
magnet.
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Hydrogen Bonds Exist Between
Water Molecules
• Formed between a
highly Electronegative
atom (like oxygen in
another water) of a polar
molecule and a
hydrogen
• Weak bond, but strong in
great numbers (ask about
Crocodile Dundee)
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Interaction Between Water
MoleculesNegative Oxygen end of one water molecule is
attracted to the Positive Hydrogen end of another water
molecule to form a HYDROGEN BOND
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What are
the
Properties
of Water?
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Properties of Water
•Cohesion
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Properties of Water
•Cohesion
•Adhesion
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Properties of Water
•Cohesion
•Adhesion
•High Specific Heat
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Properties of Water
•Cohesion
•Adhesion
•High Specific Heat
•High Heat of Vaporization
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Properties of Water
•Cohesion
•Adhesion
•High Specific Heat
•High Heat of Vaporization
•Less Dense as a Solid
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Cohesion
• Attraction between particles of the
same substance ( why water is
attracted to itself)
• Results in surface tension (a measure of
the strength of water’s surface)
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Cohesion …
Helps insects walk across
water, but how is it helpful
to people?
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Adhesion
• Attraction between two different substances.
• Water will make hydrogen bonds with other
surfaces such as glass, soil, plant tissues, and
cotton.
• Capillary action-water molecules will “tow”
each other along when in a thin glass tube.
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Adhesion Causes Capillary
Action
Which gives water the
ability to “climb”
structures
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High Specific Heat
• Amount of heat needed to raise or
lower 1g of a substance 1° C.
• Water resists temperature change, both
for heating and cooling.
– Would you rather walk on sand or in water
on a beach on a hot summer day?
– Which would be warmer that night? Why?
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High Heat of Vaporization
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•Water vapor forms a kind of
global ‘‘blanket” which helps to
keep the Earth warm.
•Heat radiated from the sun
warmed surface of the earth is
absorbed and held
by the vapor.
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Water is Less Dense as a
Solid•Which is ice and which is water?
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Solutions & Suspensions•Water is usually part of a mixture.
• There are two types of mixtures:
–Solutions: substance dissolves in
liquid
–Suspensions: substance suspends in
liquid
•Come up with examples
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Solutions
Water is the solvent, salt is the solute
salt water is the solution
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Solutions- Solvent & Solute
Water is a universal Solvent
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Suspensions
• Substances that
don’t dissolve but
separate into tiny
pieces.
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Hard Water vs. Soft Water
• Hard water... is water that contains an
appreciable quantity of dissolved minerals
(like calcium and magnesium). Soft water...
is treated water in which the only ion is
sodium.
• Soft water - top water
• Hard water – well water from
groundwater
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Hydrophobic vs. Hydrophilic
• Nonpolar molecules that repel the
water molecules are said to
be hydrophobic; molecules
forming ionic or a hydrogen bond
with the water molecule are said to
be hydrophilic.
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Acids, Bases and pH
One water molecule is made of two ions, (H+) and a Hydroxide Ion (OH-)
Hydrogen Ion Hydroxide Ion
Acid Base
H2O H
++ OH
-
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Acids and BasesAcid: A solution with lots of H+ ions• pH 0 up to 7 is acid (acidic)
Base: A solution with lots of OH- ions• pH above 7 – 14 is basic
(alkaline)
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• Indicates the percent of H+ ions
• Ranges from 0 – 14
• pH of 7 is neutral
• Each pH unit represents a factor of 10X change in concentration
– pH 3 is 10 x 10 x 10 (1000x) stronger than a pH of 6
The pH Scale…acids
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The pH Scale…bases
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Buffers• Weak acids or bases that react with
strong acids or bases to prevent sharp,
sudden changes in pH (neutralization).
• Produced naturally by the body to
maintain homeostasis
Weak Acid Weak Base
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Human biology and pH
• Your blood maintains a pH of 7.35 –
7.45 (slightly basic)
– Balance is maintained by buffers in
blood, breathing, and urinating
• The human vaginal canal has a pH
of 3.8 – 4.5…Why?