What is the World Heritage Convention?siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCHD/Resources/430063...1 World...
-
Upload
trinhxuyen -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of What is the World Heritage Convention?siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCHD/Resources/430063...1 World...
1
World Heritage and Tourism
Preserving our Heritage Resources
What is the World Heritage Convention?
• Adopted in 1972• 184 signatory
countries (95% participation)
• 660 cultural , 166 natural and 25 mixed properties
“Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage”
Intergovernmental legal instrument to identify and conserve cultural and natural sites of “Outstanding Universal Value”
2
How does it work?
The WH Committee …• establishes the rules of operation• decides what sites go on WH List• decides what sites go on the List of WH
in Danger, or off the list altogether• monitors the status of WH sites
Countries …• agree to protect the sites• elect the WH Committee (composed of 21 countries)
How does a site get on the List?
The WH Committee:• accepts, rejects or refers the nomination for refinement
Country proposes site for nomination and prepares extensive nomination proposal
IUCN & ICOMOS carry out technical assessment to determine if proposed site: • meets at least one of the inscription criteria• is well managed and protected • has Outstanding Universal Value
3
MONITORING THE STATE OF CONSERVATION
• Periodic Reporting (6 years, Tracking Tool)
• Reactive Monitoring, site visits
• Unsolicited reports
Example of the WH Committee request for action
Draft Decision:The World Heritage Committee,
Regrets that plans for hydroelectic dams adjacent to the property’s boundarieshave not been communicated to the World Heritage Centre, as per article 172 of the Operational Guidelines;
Notes with concern that the Outstanding Universal Value of the property may be at risk from these dams, from poaching, and from encroachment by local farmers on both sides of the international boundary;
Requests the States Party of X and X to submit to the World Heritage Centre by 1 February 2008 a joint report on the state of conservation of the property,including the implications of the proposed hydroelectric dams on the aquatic biodiversity of the X watershed, the presence of incompatible land uses within the property’s boundaries, updated information on poaching activities, and on the measures taken to deal effectively with these issues, for examination by the World Heritage Committee at its 32nd session in 2008;
4
Putin orders oil pipeline shifted Mr Putin said the route, which would have passed close to Lake Baikal, should move 40km north. (April 26, 2006)
Everglades Off UNESCO Danger List (25 June 2007)
Oman Sanctuary – First Site to be Removed from UNESCO List (2 July 2007)
Galapagos Islands, park in Senegal added to UNESCO's in danger heritage list (June 26, 2007)
Machu Picchu
• 1998 - Gov of Peru informs WH Committee of a possible cable car concession
• 1999 IUCN/ICOMOS mission
• WH Committee urges the Gov of Peru not to take any decision on project - second IUCN-ICOMOS mission launched.
• Recommendations made against new construction, cable car construction.
• 2001 the Peruvian Gov cancels contract for the cable car concession.
5
Sighisoara
• 2001 WH Centre received notice of plan to develop theme park near to the Sighisoara site, Dracula Land. Committee concerned may negatively impact the site and its WH values
• 2001 monitoring mission sent to evaluate the situation -conclusions:
- An increase in tourists and vehicles would cause highly significant cultural impacts would be;
- Important to overall site integrity to maintain the medieval city in a rural landscape setting - this would be damaged by large scale development;- No site management plan available;
• 2002 Romanian Gov makes decision to relocate the theme park closer to Bucharest. Following these actions WH provides international assistance for management plan.
Tourism is an important management issue at the majority of WH sites
6
Growth of tourism
• Growth (4-5 % / yr)
• Growth of ecotourism and cultural tourism + 10 + 30 % /yr
Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Year
No.
of V
isito
rs(m
illio
ns)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7R
even
ue (m
illio
ns A
USD
)
No. of Visitors (millions) Revenue (millions AUSD)
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Tourism Statistics: Angkor
No.
of V
isito
rs (1
00,0
00s)
Rev
enue
(mill
ion
USD
)
Source: Cambodia Ministry of Tourism, 2006
Tourism Statistics: Galapagos Islands
No.
of V
isito
rs (1
000s
)
Rev
enue
(mill
ion
USD
)
Source: Unidad de Turismo, GNP in Informe Galapagos, 2001-2002 (2002)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
8
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Year
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tourism Statistics: Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu
No.
of V
isito
rs (1
000s
)
Rev
enue
(mill
ion
USD
)
Source: Sacred Land Film Project: Machu Picchu (http://www.sacredland.org/)
A growing awareness of WH
An interest by governments in using the WH label to promote economic development (tourism marketing)
9
Wet Tropics of Queensland
• Growing interest of tourism companies in social responsibility activities. More companies are contacting us
Management Challenges• High visitation levels and associated impacts affecting WH values
• Construction at sites or in areas adjoining sites not appropriate with WH values
• Few sites have tourism management plans
• Data is needed at many sites on tourism numbers and visitor impacts
10
Management Challenges• Lack of personnel to monitor impacts
• Few sites educate visitors and local people on WH and the site’s importance
• Generating community economic benefits has been difficult.
• Unable to bring in the industry to help address critical WH site problems
Urbanpressures
11
Sport Complex Development Pressures
Two Main Domains of World Heritage Tourism Activities
1. The ongoing work of the WH Committee and advisory bodies, IUCN and ICOMOS
- issues related to tourism impacts
2. The World Heritage Tourism Programme
– policies and approaches to tourism management
12
The World Heritage Sustainable Tourism Programme
The WHC Sustainable Tourism Programme
Objectives
1. Building Site Management Capacity
2. Aiding Local Communities
3. Engaging the tourism industry
13
851 World Heritage SitesObjective – Regional demonstration sites
Reinforcing site management capacity;
Training locals so they can benefit;
Aiding marketing local products;
Generating community pride;
Supporting site financing actions;
Sharing lessons learned;
Building tourism industry links.
7 general interventions
14
Tourism/public use plans, (preferably carried out before inscription).
Komodo Selatan
Rinca Selatan
Komodo Utara
Labuan Bajo
Rinca Utara
Todoklea
Lengkung Buang
Gunung AraLoh Liang
Gunung Satalibo
Rudolf
Loh BuayaPadar - Pillar Steen
Sebita Poreng
Loh Dasami
Kp. Rinca
Loh Wanci
Gililawa
Manta
Kp. Komodo
Kp. Kerora
Pantai Merah
Batu Bolong AtauTatawa
Komodo Selatan
Zona Wilayah :Core
Batu Bolong/Tatawa
Gililawa
Gunung Ara
Gunung Satalibo
Kampung Rinca
Komodo Selatan
Komodo Utara
Kp. Kerora
Kp. Komodo
Labuan Bajo
Lengkung Buang
Loh Buaya
Loh Dasami
Loh Liang
Loh Wanci
Manta
Padar - Pillar Steen
Pantai Merah
Rinca Selatan
Rinca Utara
Rudolf
Sebita Poreng
Todoklea
Batas poligon Luar
Jalan
Legenda :
PETA SEKTOR PENGGUNAAN OLEH PUBLIK
TAMAN NASIOMAL KOMODOIRIAN JAYA
N
0 KM5 105
Skala 1 : 5
Training public use coordinators
15
Darién (Panama)León Viejo
(Nicaragua)
Copán (Honduras)
Joya de Cerén(El Salvador)
Antigua (Guatemala)
Quiriguá(Guatemala)
Tikal (Guatemala)
Great Barrier Reef (Belize)
Río Plátano(Honduras)
Cocos(Costa Rica)
Guanacaste (Costa Rica)
Portobelo—San Lorenzo (Panamá)Coiba
(Panamá)
PanamáViejo
Sitios de PM
Facilitating Coordination between MinistriesCentral American WH Route - with SICA and the French Ministry of Tourism
Site financing – Training in mechanisms, identifying blocks
Using the UN to work with government and the private sector in supporting site financing policies and programmes
16
Using tourism to help mitigate site pressures
Facilitating community training
Poverty alleviation programmes linked to economic indicators but also site conservation improvement
Regional development
Supporting small business. Moving out the expertise of a trained small business to other satellite communities and businesses
2
3
1
419
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1213
14
1516
17
18
20
2122
23
24
25
26
28
29
30
31
3233
34
3540
41
43
44
45
17
A map of heritage attractions around a site
Spreading economic benefits and distributing visitation
WH sites as central promotional points or hubs
18
Expanded effort to familiarize tour operators and hotels to the existence of local products
Short term in-kind services strengthening local capacities after basic skill training.
Expedia Initiative
19
Encouraging awareness raising of World Heritage
Jet Tours, REWE-TouristikExpedia
Building increased awareness of WH and low-impact ways to visit a site
20
Engaging the industry to help solve difficult problems– Sharing data (visitor preferences, problem areas etc.)– destination councils
Icons of site pride and identity, e.g., endangered species –symbols to promote regional conservation
Building local pride