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![Page 1: What is the fate of excess glucose? Excess glucose is converted to glycogen by the liver for storage. Some of the excess glucose is converted to lipid.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033019/5697c0191a28abf838cce613/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What is the fate of excess glucose?
Excess glucose is converted to glycogen by the liver for
storage. Some of the excess glucose is converted to
lipid.
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Calculate the energy in 300mL milkMilk (per 100 mL)
Energy 272 kJCarbohydrate 4.8gProtein 3.4gFat 3.8gCalcium 110 mg
272*3 = 816 kJ
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What is L?
Pancreas
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Villus
number
Large number to increase surface area
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Dietary fibre
Function
Stimulate peristalsis in gut (intestine)
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Night blindness
Not enough
Vitamin A
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What is the fate of excess protein?
Excess amino acids cannot stored and will be broken down in liver by deamination :(i) Urea formed is carried via the bloodstream to the kidneys and is excreted in the urine.(ii) The remaining part of the amino acid is converted to glycogen and stored in liver.
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What is the fate of excess protein?
Excess amino acids cannot stored and will be broken down in liver by deamination :(i) Urea formed is carried via the bloodstream to the kidneys and is excreted in the urine.(ii) The remaining part of the amino acid is converted to glycogen and stored in liver.
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What is E?
Ileum
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Dietary fibre
Deficiency disease
Constipation
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Vitamin D
Deficiency disease
Rickets
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Suggest a reason why construction workers require more energy than office
clerks.
Construction worker need more energy for stronger muscle contraction.
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Explain how stomach is protected from digestion.
Mucus can protect stomach from digestion
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The human digestive system consists of
Alimentary canal and Digestive glands
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Pancreas
Digestive juice
Pancreatic juice
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Vitamin D
Function
Help Calcium absorption
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Intestinal juice
contain
Carbohydrase, protease
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Digestion of protein starts at
K
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Constipation
Need to eat more
vegetables
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Calculate the amount of milk should take to get 900mg of calcium.
Milk (per 100 mL)Energy 272 kJCarbohydrate 4.8gProtein 3.4gFat 3.8gCalcium 110 mg
900/110*100 = 818 mL
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Albustix paper
Positive result
Yellow to Green
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Calcium
Deficiency disease
Rickets
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Which part stores faeces?
N
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Scurvy
Need to eat more
Fruit, vegetable
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Stomach
Physical digestion by
Churning of muscle
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The average energy requirment of Sam is 12000kJ but his average daily intake is 14000 kJ. Explain how his
diet affects his body weight.The energy intake (14000kJ) of the man is more than his daily need (12000 kJ) . Excess energy will be convert to fatty tissue and stored under skin and around internal organs. His weight increases / he will be overweight
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Saliva
contain
Salivary amylase, water
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Pregnant women need more protein
because
They need more protein for foetus growth
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Rickets
Not enough
Calcium/ Vitamin D
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Pancreatic juice
Secreted by
Pancreas
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What part is acidic?
K
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Scurvy
Not enough
Vitamin C
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Clinistix paper
Positive result
Red to purple
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Peter: Weight:50kg, Daily energy requirements: 11500 kJ
Calculate Peter’s daily energy requirement per unit body weight (kJ/kg)?
11500/50 = 230 kJ/kg
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Lipid
Food test
Spot test
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What is absorption?
The digested food molecules enter the circulatory system.
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What food substances are absorbed by Z?
Lipid soluble substances: fatty acid, glycerol, vitamin A, D, E, K
Z
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Vitamin C
Food test
DCPIP test
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Baby need more energy per unit body weight
because
The relative surface area of baby is large, they need more energy to
produce heat to compensate heat loss
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What is digestion?
Food is broken down into soluble and simple molecules.
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DCPIP test
Positive result
Blue to colourlessDecolorized
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Reducing sugar
Food test
Benedict’s test
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Blood in Y will first transport to….through……
liver; hepatic portal vein
Y
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Constipation
Not enough
Dietary fibre
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Constructive worker need more energy
because
They need more energy for stronger muscle contraction
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Night blindness
Need to eat more
Fish liver oil, carrot
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Rickets
Need to eat more
Dairy product, Cheese, Milk
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Glucose
Function
Produce energy by respiration
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What is egestion?
The undigested materials are removed from the body as faeces.
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What is assimilation?
The absorbed food molecules are taken up by cells for metabolism.
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What are the importance of food?
Providing energy for doing activities and keeping us warm;Providing raw materials for growth and repair of body tissues;maintaining health
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Anaemia
Need to eat more
Meat, liver
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Calculate the amount of milk should take to get 3600kJ ?
Milk (per 100 mL)Energy 272 kJCarbohydrate 4.8gProtein 3.4gFat 3.8gCalcium 110 mg
3600/272*100 = 1323.5mL
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Small intestine is long
because
It can provide more time to digest and absorb food substances.
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Bile
contain
Bile salt, hydrogencarbonate salt, bile pigment
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Lipase
Can be found in
Pancreatic juice
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Pancreatic juice
contain
Amylase, protease, lipase,Hydrogencarbonate salt
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Gastric juice
contain
Protease, hydrochloric acid
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What is Z?
Lacteal
Z
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Iron
Function
Form haemoglogin
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Amylase
Can be found in
Saliva, pancreatic juice
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Food move in alimentary canal
by
peristalsis
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Which part is acidic?
stomach
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Energy requirement depands on
Age, gender, occupation, body status
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What is N?
Rectum
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Which part absorbs the largest amount
of nutrient?
E
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Iron
Deficiency disease
Anaemia
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Gastric juice
Secreted by
Gastric gland in stomach
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Benedict’s test
Positive result
Brick red precipitate
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Liver
Digestive juice
Bile
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Protein
Food test
Albustix paper
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Stomach
Digestive juice
Gastric juice
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Girls needs more iron than boys
because
Girls loss blood in menstruation. They need more iron to produce
blood
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Teenager need more protein
because
They need more protein for growth
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What food substances are absorbed by Y?
Water soluble substances: glucose, amino acid, vitamin C, minerals, water
Y
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What is B?
Gall bladder
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Glucose
Food test
Clinistix paper
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Intestinal juice
Secreted by
Intestinal gland in small intestine
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Spot test
Positive result
Translucent spot disappeared
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Anaemia
Not enough
Iron
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State two features of X that allow it to absorb food substances easily.
X is finger like to increase surface area to absorb food.There are lots of X in small intestine to increase surface
area to absorb food.
X
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Vitamin C
Function
Forming connective tissue
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Mouth
Digestive juice
Saliva
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Chemical digestion
by
Digestive enzymes
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How to choose a healthier fast food?
Choose fast food with less sugar, less fried meat and more fresh vegetables
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What is the fluid inside Z?
Lymph
Z
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Mouth
Physical digestion by
Chewing of teeth
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Bile
Physical digestion by
Emulsify fat to oil droplet to increase surface area for lipase to act on
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Our body weight increase
because
Our energy intake is more than energy output. Excess energy will change to
lipid and store in our body.
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Small intestine
Digestive juice
Intestinal juice
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What is X?
Villus
X
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Iodine test
Positive result
Brown to blue black
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Protein
Functions
Growth and repair, produce enzyme, hormone,
haemoglobin
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Lipid
Function
Produce energy, shock absorber, heat insulator
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Protease
Can be found in
Gastric juice, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice
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Calcium
Function
Form bones and teeth
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Water
Function
As solvent, for transport, heat loss by sweating
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Physical digestion
function
Increase surface area of food for digestive enzyme to act on
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Fast food is unhealthy
because
It contain lots of carbohydrates and fats. But usually not enough dietary
fibre.
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Vitamin C
Deficiency disease
Scurvy
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Vitamin A
Deficiency disease
Night blindness
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What part does digestion of lipid start?
D
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Vitamin A
Function
Form pigment for night vision
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Teenager need more protein
because
They need more protein for growth
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Teenager need more calcium
for
The growth of bones and teeth
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Our body weight decrease
when
Our energy output is more than energy intake. Stored lipid and glycogen will
be used to produce energy.
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Villus
shape
Finger like to increase surface area for absorption
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What is Y?
Blood capillaries
Y
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Starch
Food test
Iodine test
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Matching
Glucose . .ProteinGlycerol . .StarchAmino acid. .LipidFatty acid .
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Saliva
Secreted by
Salivary gland
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What is ingestion?
Food is taken in through the mouth.
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Bile
Secreted by
Liver
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What are the 7 types of food substances?
carbohydrate 碳水化合物protein 蛋白質lipid 脂質mineral 礦物質vitamin 維生素dietary fibre 食用纖維water
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What part is ingestion take
place?H