What is the fate of excess glucose? Excess glucose is converted to glycogen by the liver for...
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Transcript of What is the fate of excess glucose? Excess glucose is converted to glycogen by the liver for...
What is the fate of excess glucose?
Excess glucose is converted to glycogen by the liver for
storage. Some of the excess glucose is converted to
lipid.
Calculate the energy in 300mL milkMilk (per 100 mL)
Energy 272 kJCarbohydrate 4.8gProtein 3.4gFat 3.8gCalcium 110 mg
272*3 = 816 kJ
What is L?
Pancreas
Villus
number
Large number to increase surface area
Dietary fibre
Function
Stimulate peristalsis in gut (intestine)
Night blindness
Not enough
Vitamin A
What is the fate of excess protein?
Excess amino acids cannot stored and will be broken down in liver by deamination :(i) Urea formed is carried via the bloodstream to the kidneys and is excreted in the urine.(ii) The remaining part of the amino acid is converted to glycogen and stored in liver.
What is the fate of excess protein?
Excess amino acids cannot stored and will be broken down in liver by deamination :(i) Urea formed is carried via the bloodstream to the kidneys and is excreted in the urine.(ii) The remaining part of the amino acid is converted to glycogen and stored in liver.
What is E?
Ileum
Dietary fibre
Deficiency disease
Constipation
Vitamin D
Deficiency disease
Rickets
Suggest a reason why construction workers require more energy than office
clerks.
Construction worker need more energy for stronger muscle contraction.
Explain how stomach is protected from digestion.
Mucus can protect stomach from digestion
The human digestive system consists of
Alimentary canal and Digestive glands
Pancreas
Digestive juice
Pancreatic juice
Vitamin D
Function
Help Calcium absorption
Intestinal juice
contain
Carbohydrase, protease
Digestion of protein starts at
K
Constipation
Need to eat more
vegetables
Calculate the amount of milk should take to get 900mg of calcium.
Milk (per 100 mL)Energy 272 kJCarbohydrate 4.8gProtein 3.4gFat 3.8gCalcium 110 mg
900/110*100 = 818 mL
Albustix paper
Positive result
Yellow to Green
Calcium
Deficiency disease
Rickets
Which part stores faeces?
N
Scurvy
Need to eat more
Fruit, vegetable
Stomach
Physical digestion by
Churning of muscle
The average energy requirment of Sam is 12000kJ but his average daily intake is 14000 kJ. Explain how his
diet affects his body weight.The energy intake (14000kJ) of the man is more than his daily need (12000 kJ) . Excess energy will be convert to fatty tissue and stored under skin and around internal organs. His weight increases / he will be overweight
Saliva
contain
Salivary amylase, water
Pregnant women need more protein
because
They need more protein for foetus growth
Rickets
Not enough
Calcium/ Vitamin D
Pancreatic juice
Secreted by
Pancreas
What part is acidic?
K
Scurvy
Not enough
Vitamin C
Clinistix paper
Positive result
Red to purple
Peter: Weight:50kg, Daily energy requirements: 11500 kJ
Calculate Peter’s daily energy requirement per unit body weight (kJ/kg)?
11500/50 = 230 kJ/kg
Lipid
Food test
Spot test
What is absorption?
The digested food molecules enter the circulatory system.
What food substances are absorbed by Z?
Lipid soluble substances: fatty acid, glycerol, vitamin A, D, E, K
Z
Vitamin C
Food test
DCPIP test
Baby need more energy per unit body weight
because
The relative surface area of baby is large, they need more energy to
produce heat to compensate heat loss
What is digestion?
Food is broken down into soluble and simple molecules.
DCPIP test
Positive result
Blue to colourlessDecolorized
Reducing sugar
Food test
Benedict’s test
Blood in Y will first transport to….through……
liver; hepatic portal vein
Y
Constipation
Not enough
Dietary fibre
Constructive worker need more energy
because
They need more energy for stronger muscle contraction
Night blindness
Need to eat more
Fish liver oil, carrot
Rickets
Need to eat more
Dairy product, Cheese, Milk
Glucose
Function
Produce energy by respiration
What is egestion?
The undigested materials are removed from the body as faeces.
What is assimilation?
The absorbed food molecules are taken up by cells for metabolism.
What are the importance of food?
Providing energy for doing activities and keeping us warm;Providing raw materials for growth and repair of body tissues;maintaining health
Anaemia
Need to eat more
Meat, liver
Calculate the amount of milk should take to get 3600kJ ?
Milk (per 100 mL)Energy 272 kJCarbohydrate 4.8gProtein 3.4gFat 3.8gCalcium 110 mg
3600/272*100 = 1323.5mL
Small intestine is long
because
It can provide more time to digest and absorb food substances.
Bile
contain
Bile salt, hydrogencarbonate salt, bile pigment
Lipase
Can be found in
Pancreatic juice
Pancreatic juice
contain
Amylase, protease, lipase,Hydrogencarbonate salt
Gastric juice
contain
Protease, hydrochloric acid
What is Z?
Lacteal
Z
Iron
Function
Form haemoglogin
Amylase
Can be found in
Saliva, pancreatic juice
Food move in alimentary canal
by
peristalsis
Which part is acidic?
stomach
Energy requirement depands on
Age, gender, occupation, body status
What is N?
Rectum
Which part absorbs the largest amount
of nutrient?
E
Iron
Deficiency disease
Anaemia
Gastric juice
Secreted by
Gastric gland in stomach
Benedict’s test
Positive result
Brick red precipitate
Liver
Digestive juice
Bile
Protein
Food test
Albustix paper
Stomach
Digestive juice
Gastric juice
Girls needs more iron than boys
because
Girls loss blood in menstruation. They need more iron to produce
blood
Teenager need more protein
because
They need more protein for growth
What food substances are absorbed by Y?
Water soluble substances: glucose, amino acid, vitamin C, minerals, water
Y
What is B?
Gall bladder
Glucose
Food test
Clinistix paper
Intestinal juice
Secreted by
Intestinal gland in small intestine
Spot test
Positive result
Translucent spot disappeared
Anaemia
Not enough
Iron
State two features of X that allow it to absorb food substances easily.
X is finger like to increase surface area to absorb food.There are lots of X in small intestine to increase surface
area to absorb food.
X
Vitamin C
Function
Forming connective tissue
Mouth
Digestive juice
Saliva
Chemical digestion
by
Digestive enzymes
How to choose a healthier fast food?
Choose fast food with less sugar, less fried meat and more fresh vegetables
What is the fluid inside Z?
Lymph
Z
Mouth
Physical digestion by
Chewing of teeth
Bile
Physical digestion by
Emulsify fat to oil droplet to increase surface area for lipase to act on
Our body weight increase
because
Our energy intake is more than energy output. Excess energy will change to
lipid and store in our body.
Small intestine
Digestive juice
Intestinal juice
What is X?
Villus
X
Iodine test
Positive result
Brown to blue black
Protein
Functions
Growth and repair, produce enzyme, hormone,
haemoglobin
Lipid
Function
Produce energy, shock absorber, heat insulator
Protease
Can be found in
Gastric juice, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice
Calcium
Function
Form bones and teeth
Water
Function
As solvent, for transport, heat loss by sweating
Physical digestion
function
Increase surface area of food for digestive enzyme to act on
Fast food is unhealthy
because
It contain lots of carbohydrates and fats. But usually not enough dietary
fibre.
Vitamin C
Deficiency disease
Scurvy
Vitamin A
Deficiency disease
Night blindness
What part does digestion of lipid start?
D
Vitamin A
Function
Form pigment for night vision
Teenager need more protein
because
They need more protein for growth
Teenager need more calcium
for
The growth of bones and teeth
Our body weight decrease
when
Our energy output is more than energy intake. Stored lipid and glycogen will
be used to produce energy.
Villus
shape
Finger like to increase surface area for absorption
What is Y?
Blood capillaries
Y
Starch
Food test
Iodine test
Matching
Glucose . .ProteinGlycerol . .StarchAmino acid. .LipidFatty acid .
Saliva
Secreted by
Salivary gland
What is ingestion?
Food is taken in through the mouth.
Bile
Secreted by
Liver
What are the 7 types of food substances?
carbohydrate 碳水化合物protein 蛋白質lipid 脂質mineral 礦物質vitamin 維生素dietary fibre 食用纖維water
What part is ingestion take
place?H