•What is the difference between the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

•In general what was the biggest problem facing the newly independent U.S.?

•a. trade.

•b. suffrage.

•c. rebellion.

Constitutional Conventionsource: Center for Civic Education, “We the People”

•Congress called for a meeting to be held in Philadelphia in 1787.

•The purpose of the Constitutional Convention was to search for ways to improve the AOC.

Who was there?

•Fifty-five delegates attended. They are called FRAMERS of the constitution.

•All were men.

•Most had played important roles in the Revolution and were leaders in their states.

•Some were rich; most were not, but nobody was poor.

• Known as the “father of the Constitution.”

•Brought a plan to the convention to create a stronger national government.

James Madison

•He was convinced a stronger national government was necessary.

•At first, he did not want to attend - He thought he had served enough.

•He was afraid people might think he had lost faith in republican government so he finally agreed to go.

George Washington

•now 81 years old and in poor health.

•delegate from ????.

•his primary role was to encourage delegates to cooperate with each other when they disagreed.

•He supported the important compromises that would take place at the convention.

Benjamin Franklin

What ideas about government did the Framers

agree to?• the national government should be constitutional government (a govt. with limited powers)

• purpose of govt = protect the rights of citizens and promote common good.

• strong national govt. was need in order to protect those rights.

• republican form of govt. of elected representatives was needed to make sure the govt. would serve the common good.

• system of separation of powers and checks and balances was need to prevent the abuse of power.

Warm- up 11.23.10

•Please copy the following UNIT FOUR CORE CONCEPT:

•American democracy is a result of the negotiations of governmental power and authority between the people, the states and the national government

Warm-Up 11.22.10

•Define the following terms in your own words:

•debate

•compromise

•What is the Virginia Plan?

•What is the New Jersey Plan?

Debates and Compromises

of the Constitutional Convention

•REPRESENTATION

•SLAVERY

How was the debate about representation in Congress resolved

at the Constitutional Convention?

•The Framers disagreed about how many representatives each state should be able to send to Congress.

•Small states vs. Large states.

•Why is this a conflict?

Small States•feared that states with larger populations would control the national government.

•so they wanted each state to have the same number of representatives in Congress.

•EQUAL REPRESENTATION

Large States•thought that Equal Representation

was unfair.

•a state with more people should have more votes.

•wanted to base the number of representatives in Congress on number of people living in a state.

•PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION

Why might the delegates be concerned about

representation and how might the decision about representation affect the

interests of various states?

•What is the Virginia Plan?

•What is the New Jersey Plan?

•What is the Great Compromise?

Virginia PlanGreat

CompromiseNew Jersey Plan

- gave more power to the national government.

- two house legislature

- number in both houses based on population

- 2 house legislature (congress)

- number of representatives based on state population in House of Representatives.

- Number of representatives equal from each state in the Senate.

- gave more power to state governments.

- one house legislature.

- number of representatives equal from each state

How did the Framer’s Solve the conflict between Northern and

Southern States?

•economy in the south based on agriculture.

•farm owners depended on slave labor to make their goods profitable.

•economy in the north was more diverse:

•farmers, fishers, merchants, bankers

•did not depend on slave labor.

•center for shipbuilding and trade with other nations.

•Northern and Southern states disagreed about: TARIFFS and SLAVERY

Why did the states disagree about

tariffs?•tariff = tax on goods imported and exported.

•protective tariffs - raise the cost of the imports to protect local farmers and businesses against outside competition.

•north and south had different opinions

northern position•tariffs were necessary for their

businesses to prosper.

•tariffs on British goods would make those goods cost more than similar ones made in America.

•Americans would be more likely to buy goods from where?

•National govt. should have the power to control trade between states and with foreign nations.

southern position•tariffs would increase the cost of

manufactured goods they bought from Europe.

•argued tariffs would favor the North.

•southern states had fewer citizens than northern states - afraid they would have less power in national govt. to decide on issues of trade.

•south opposed giving national govt. power to regulate trade.

Why did the states disagree about slavery?

Northerners wanted to abolish slavery.Southerners did not.

Northern position

•northern economy did not rely on slavery.

•most Framers from the North opposed the practice of slavery.

southern position•Many southern Framers were financially

dependent on slavery.

•Southern states believed each state had the right to decide the issue of slavery for itself.

•Delegates from the south said they would refuse to sign the constitution if their right to own and import slaves was denied.

•How do the Northern States feel about slavery?

•How do the Southern states feel about slavery?

•What would happen if the opponents of slavery insisted on abolition at the Constitutional Convention?

How do the Northern and

Southern delegates reach a

compromise?

How did the Framers resolve the Conflict about tariffs and slavery?

•Constitution gave Congress the power to place tariffs on imports.

•Constitution gave Congress the power to control interstate and foreign trade.

•to get this agreement from Southern delegates, Northern delegates had to give in on the issue of slavery.

•the national government would not end the slave trade before 1808.

•they included the 3/5s compromise = when deciding how many representatives a state could send to the HOR the numbers would be determined by, counting free persons and 3/5 “of all other persons” (slaves)

•Why would the south want slaves to be counted when determining their state population?

How did the Framers resolve the Conflict about tariffs and slavery?

•What reason did the Framers have for compromising on the issue of slavery?

•Do you agree or disagree that the compromise violated fundamental principles of the constitution? Why or why not?

•Using your textbook on page 167 answer the following question:

•What is federalism?

Federalism•Federalism: refers to the practice

of dividing and sharing powers of government between a central government and a regional government.

•sharing power between national and state governments.

Signing the Constitution

•how much power should each branch receive?

•Once answers to all these questions had been decided, September 17, 1787 the Constitution was ready.

•39 of the 42 remaining delegates signed the constitution.

Signing the Constitution

•The Constitution required that each state have a state convention to accept the new government.

•9 of 13 states must support the Constitution for it to become the nation’s new form of government.

•the Constitution was debated in discussed all over the country.

Federalists•wealthy, educated

•wanted powerful centralized government

•supported the Constitution

•George Washington, Ben Franklin

Anti-Federalists•farmers, debtors, lower class people

loyal to their state governments.

•opposed Constitution because it had to bill of rights which would protect the basic liberties of the people.

•did not want such a strong central government.

•George Mason, Patrick Henry (refused to sign the constitution)

“This Constitution is said to have beautiful features, but... they appear to me horribly

frightful... Your president may become your king... If your American chief be a man of

ambition and abilities, how easy is it for him to render himself absolute!”

- Patrick Henry

1. Federalist? Anti-Federalist?2. What is Patrick Henry worried about?

Federalist Papers•written by Alexander Hamilton, James

Madison, and John Jay.

•convince anti-federalists to support the constitution.

•argued that limitations on governmental power were built into the constitution with the system of checks and balances.

•broke down resistance and gained enough support to ratify the constitution.

Federalist Paper number 10

page 172 in your textbook.

Bill of Rights•Anti-Federalists opposed the

Constitution because it had no bill of rights.

•Americans just fought for their freedom.

•wanted bill of rights to spell out these basic freedoms such as freedom of press and religion

•only with the promise of a Bill of Rights did many states support ratifying the Constitution.

The Constitution•one by one, states voted to ratify the

constitution.

•Delaware was the first, Rhode Island was the last.

•The Constitution went into effect.

•several states ratified the Consitution only after they were promised that a bill protecting

•the first Congress added the Bill of Rights to the Constitution.