What is Research Phd

8/6/2019 What is Research Phd

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What is research?What is research?



R esearch is the scientific method of R esearch is the scientific method of

solving problems.solving problems.

The formal, systematic, applicationThe formal, systematic, application

of scholarship, disciplined inquiryof scholarship, disciplined inquiryand often the scientific to study of and often the scientific to study of

problem. problem.



R esearch is knowledge generatingR esearch is knowledge generatingactivityactivity

To discover truth is research.To discover truth is research.

Educational research is to discover,Educational research is to discover,

reinforce or refine knowledge.reinforce or refine knowledge.



R esearch is the formal systematicR esearch is the formal systematic

application of scientific method toapplication of scientific method tothe study of problem.the study of problem.

R esearch may be defined as aR esearch may be defined as asystematized rational and empiricalsystematized rational and empirical

inquiry for solving a significantinquiry for solving a significant

factual problem that requires newfactual problem that requires newknowledge for its solution.knowledge for its solution.



R esearch is the scientific method of R esearch is the scientific method of

solving problem. R esearch is asolving problem. R esearch is acareful, systematic, patientcareful, systematic, patient

investigation undertaken to discover investigation undertaken to discover or establish facts and relationships. Itor establish facts and relationships. It

is, infact, knowledge generatingis, infact, knowledge generating

activity.activity.



What is Problem?What is Problem?

PROBLEM

SOLVABLE

FACTUALUNSOLVABLE

NO NFACTUAL

ORDINARY R ESEARCH



What is scientific method?What is scientific method?



The scientific approach is generallyThe scientific approach is generallydescribed as a process in whichdescribed as a process in which

investigators move inductively frominvestigators move inductively from

their observations to hypothesis andtheir observations to hypothesis andthen deductively from the hypothesisthen deductively from the hypothesis

to the logical implications of theto the logical implications of thehypothesis.hypothesis.



Five steps of Scientific MethodFive steps of Scientific Method

1.1. The occurrence of difficulty.The occurrence of difficulty.

2.2. The definition of the problem.The definition of the problem.

3.3. The formulation of hypothesis.The formulation of hypothesis.

4.4. The rational elaboration of hypothesis or The rational elaboration of hypothesis or

justification of hypothesis or reasoning. justification of hypothesis or reasoning.

5.5. The testing of hypothesis by observationThe testing of hypothesis by observation

and experiment and researching to theand experiment and researching to the

conclusions.conclusions.



DEDUCTIVE METHODDEDUCTIVE METHOD

The statement is known as syllogism.The statement is known as syllogism.

i.i. All men are mortalAll men are mortal Major premiseMajor premise

ii.ii. Ahmed is a manAhmed is a man Minor premiseMinor premise

iii.iii.

So, Ahmed is mortalSo, Ahmed is mortal ConclusionConclusionIf the major premise is correct, the conclusionIf the major premise is correct, the conclusion

will also correct.will also correct.



Helda Taba¶s five stages of ScientificHelda Taba¶s five stages of Scientific

A pproachA pproach

Identify problem.Identify problem.

Analysis of problems.Analysis of problems.

Formulating ideas or hypothesis.Formulating ideas or hypothesis.

Gathering and interpreting data.Gathering and interpreting data. Implementing action, evaluating results of Implementing action, evaluating results of

action.action.



TYPES OF R ESEARCHTYPES OF R ESEARCH



1.1. According to ObjectiveAccording to Objective

I.I. Basic R esearchBasic R esearch

II.II. A pplied R esearchA pplied R esearchIII.III. Development R esearch (R&D)Development R esearch (R&D)

IV.IV.

Action R esearchAction R esearch



2.2. According to the No. of PersonsAccording to the No. of Persons

ParticipatingParticipating

I.I. Individual R esearchIndividual R esearch

II.II. Cooperative R esearchCooperative R esearch



3.3. According to place whereAccording to place where

ConductedConducted

I.I. Laboratory R esearchLaboratory R esearch

II.II. Field R esearchField R esearch

III.III. Library R esearchLibrary R esearch



4.4. According to Type of According to Type of

DataData

I.I. Analytic R esearchAnalytic R esearch

II.II. Empirical R esearchEmpirical R esearch



5.5. According to the Medium of According to the Medium of

Communication EmployedCommunication Employed

I.I. Qualitative R esearchQualitative R esearch

II.II. Quantitative R esearchQuantitative R esearch



6.6. According to the Time SpanAccording to the Time Span

I.I. ShortShort--R ange R esearchR ange R esearch

II.II. LongLong--R ange R esearchR ange R esearch



7.7. According to the StrategyAccording to the Strategy

EmployedEmployed

I.I. Descriptive R esearchDescriptive R esearch

II.II. Historical R esearchHistorical R esearch

III.III. Experimental R esearchExperimental R esearch

IV.IV. Development R esearch (R&D)Development R esearch (R&D)

What is Research Phd

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