What is "history?" the record of events a branch of knowledge that records and explains past events...
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Transcript of What is "history?" the record of events a branch of knowledge that records and explains past events...
Pre History
What is "history?" the record of eventsa branch of knowledge that records and
explains past eventsRequisite human presence (or natural
history)Then, what is "Prehistory?"
___________________________________________
History
Pre HistoryThe period of time before written records
Pre history
Without written records, how do we know what happened?
archaeological discoveries remains of hominids, art, migratory patterns, discovered settlements, etc.
Earliest humanlike creaturesLived in southern and eastern Africa about 3-4
million years agoLived during the
Paleolithic EraThe Paleolithic Erarefers to the time before peopledeveloped stationary civilizationsand settled down to live in one place.
Hominids
Or “southern ape-men” Were the first to make simple
stone toolsWere bipedal (walked on 2
feet)Allowed hands to be free to
grasp objectsAllowed for looking over tall
African savannah grasslands
Hominids: Australopithecines
"Lucy," Australopithecine fossil, found in 1974 by Donald Johanson
Three major differences from earlier primates:bipedalisma sizable brain
(enables abstract thought and fine motor control)
a larynx (allows for complex
speech)
Hominids: Lucy
Or “handy human”Brain 50% larger than AustralopithecinesMore sophisticated in gathering of food
Hominids: homo habilis
Or “upright human”Developed 1.8 million years agoUsed larger and more varied toolsFirst hominid to leave Africa and move into
Europe and Asia
Hominids: Homo erectus
Occurred around 250,000 years agoHomo sapiens also known as “wise human”There were two types of Homo sapiens that
emerged*Neanderthal*Homo sapiens sapiens
Hominids: Homo sapiens
Remains found in the Neander Valley in Germany, Europe, and the Middle East
Remains dated between 100,000 and 30,000 BCE
Relied on stone toolsBuried their dead (some scientist believe that
this means they believed in the afterlife)Made clothes from the skins of the animals
they killed for food
Neanderthal
First anatomically modern humansNamed “wise, wise human”Appeared in Africa between 200,000 and
150,000 years agoBegan to spread out of Africa about 100,000
years agoBy 30,000 BCE, they had largely replaced the
mostly-extinct NeanderthalsBy 10,000 BCE, Homo sapiens sapiens could
be found throughout the world
Homo sapiens sapiens
Prehistory to 8,000 BCETools made of stone, bone, wood, etcRise of Homo sapiens being successful
huntersContributed to the extinction of
mastodon/mammothStill hunter-gatherer societies
Spent 3-5 hrs/day hunting/gatheringFruits, berries, seeds, edible roots
The Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)
p. 14
1.4 million yrs ago: deliberate fires500,000 yrs ago: sustainment of hearthsCooking “invented” through wildfires (probably)
Meat/veggies become easier to digest and better to the taste when cooked
Gave light for after dark hoursProvided heat in colder climates/seasonsProvided protection against animalsHelped in hunting
Scare animals into trapsSmoke out bees to get honey
Fire
Hunter-Gatherer SocietyCommunity
Enough people to defend/protect the group
Enough people to hunt/gather and support the group
NOT so many as the food will not feed the entire group
Mobile (most)Follow herds/seasonal
plantsLived under
overhangs/caves
Sedentary (some)Fishing villages that
relied on the seaDid not move according
to weatherCreated solid
structures to live in
Gender RolesWomen: gathering,
cooking, child careMen: hunting, shelter (patriarchy!!)