What is Health & Technology?

What is Health & Technology Health is all about feeling good. There are 3 sides to health. This is called

the HEALTH TRIANGLE.

Social

Physical

Mental

The Health Triangle All 3 sides of this triangle must be ‘IN

PLACE’ for you to be HEALTH. That is you must have GOOD SOCIAL

HEALTH, GOOD MENTAL HEALTH and GOOD PHYSICAL HEALTH.

MENTAL HEALTH – describes how you feel in your head/mind.

The Health Triangle con’t Social health describes how you

interact/communicate with people. Physical Health describes anything you do

with your body. Any activity you carry out using the parts of your body.

If any 1 of these sides is removed, the triangle would collapse.

Social Mental Physical

Which Side???? Communicating Well Coping with stress Taking exercise Eating well Being happy Achieving your full potential

Measurement low tech high techHeart beat stethoscope heart monitor

Pulse rate stopwatch pulsometer

Blood pressure sphygmomanometer digital blood pressure meter

Breathing rate observation spirometer

Body fat skin callipers tracer analysis

Temperature thermometer digital

thermometerMuscle strength dynamometer dynamic sensor

Breath alcohol breathalyser digital Alco meter

Advantages & Disadvantages of High Tech Advantages:

Very Accurate Quick

Disadvantages Expensive Harder to use & maintain

Advantages & Disadvantages of Low Tech Advantages

Cheap Easy to use & maintain

Disadvantages Not very accurate Slower

Healthy Lungs

Our lungs are found inside our rib cage on either side of the heart.

They are spongy and pink in colour and are made up of millions of air sacs.

The lungs take oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. This is called gas exchange and happens at the air sacs.

A rings of cartilage

A rings of cartilageB windpipe

A rings of cartilageB trachea

C bronchus

A rings of cartilageB trachea

C bronchus

D air sacs

A rings of cartilageB trachea

C bronchus

D alveolus

E ribmuscles

A rings of cartilageB trachea

C bronchus

D alveolus

E intercostal muscles

F diaphragm

A B

C

D

E

F

During inhalation, we breathe in . The muscles of the diaphragm and ribs contract

During exhalation , we breathe out. The muscles of the diaphragm and ribs relax

Breathing rate

Our breathing rate is the number of breaths you take in one minute.

Breathing rate will alter according to your size,sex age fitness or activity.

1.Vital Capacity

This is the maximum volume of air you can breathe out after a deep breath.

2.Tidal Volume

This is the normal volume of air in one breath.

Both, allow us the measure the health of the lungs

3. Peak Flow

This is measuring the maximum rate ( speed) at which air can be breathed out.

Peak flow can be used to diagnose asthma.

Exercise improves the efficiency of the lungs

Activity 1 - Measuring Breathing Rate

1. Collect a stopclock and work with a partner

2. Time the number of breaths you take in one minute.(a breath in and out counts as 1 breath )

3. Record this result.

Cigarettes contain many harmful substances. The most harmful are tar,carbon monoxide and nicotine

Carbon monoxide is a posionous gas found in cigarette smoke.

It can be absorbed by your red blood cells , instead of oxygen.

This starves your body of oxygen .

Tar collects in the lungs and causes lung cancer.

Nicotine is addictive like a drug making it very difficult for smokers to stop.

Alcohol is made by the action of yeast on sugar solution.

Different alcoholic drinks have a different percentage of alcohol.

Drink % of alcohol

Beer 4

cider 5

wine 11

whisky 40

brandy 40

rum 40

port 19

sherry 17

The effects of alcohol long term are harmful.

Alcohol is a depressant drug and even in small amounts can slow down the brain.

Alcohol causes :

•Slow reactions

• blurred vision

•Impaired judgement

•Lack of co-ordination

Long term effects can be brain damage,strokes and liver disease.

1 unit of alcohol is equal to 15 mg./100ml. of blood

The following measures contain 1 unit of alcohol :

Glass of wine

½ pint of beer

¼ gill of whiskey or any other spirit

Glass of sherry or port

It takes the liver an hour per unit drunk to breakdown the alcohol in the blood.

The heart and circulatory system The heart is made of muscle and it’s job is

to pump blood around the body. The heart muscle contracts constantly to make sure every part of the body receives food,oxygen and heat.

The heart is found between the lungs and is slightly left of the centre of your body. The heart and lungs are both protected by the rib cage.

The heart and circulatory system Blood is transported around the body

through blood vessels. There are valves in your heart which make sure that the blood always flows in the right direction through the blood vessels. Your circulatory system is a one-way system!

The closing and opening of these valves can be heard as heart beats.

Right AtriumLeft Atrium

Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

Thick Muscular Wall

Valves

Blood from the body

Blood to the body

Blood from them lungs

Blood to the Lungs

Blood vessels There are three types of blood vessels:

Arteries; Capillaries ; Veins

Arteries carry blood Away from the heart. They start at the heart as very large vessels but divide many times until they become tiny vessels called capillaries which can be found in your body tissues.

Capillaries allow food and oxygen to move from your blood into your body tissue and pick up waste such as carbon dioxide.

Capillaries then join up to form large vessels called veins which take blood back into the heart.

Copy and complete the flow chart by writing in the three types of blood vessel

From heart To heart

Pulse When the heart beats the arteries swell a little. This can

be felt by placing the fingertips on any artery near the skin.

The average pulse rate is 66 beats per min but can range from 60-80 beats per min.

Pulse rate depends on size, age, and fitness of a person. A high resting pulse rate can lead to heart disease. A

low resting pulse can indicate fitness. Pulse can be measured using fingers and stopclock or a

pulsometer.

Recovery time Fit people usually have low resting pulse

rates and short recovery times. Their hearts and lungs are so efficient that

their pulse returns to normal rate very quickly after exercise.

Pulse rate and recovery time can be reduced by getting fitter.

Diet

A healthy diet consists of a balance of energy giving foods and those that the body needs for growth and repair.

Energy Foods

1.Carbohydrates : theses foods are starchy or sweet .eg. Cereal, bread, cake.

2. Fats : these foods are oily or fatty.

eg. Chips, butter, bacon.

A healthy diet consists of a balance of energy giving foods and those that the body needs for growth and repair.

Energy Foods

1.Carbohydrates : theses foods are starchy or sweet .eg. Cereal, bread, cake.

2. Fats : these foods are oily or fatty.

eg. Chips, butter, bacon.

Foods needed for growth and repair are :

3. Proteins : good sources are fish, meat and nuts.

4. Vitamins and Minerals : these are found mainly

in fruit and vegetables.

Diet or eating habits is one factor that determines a persons weight.

People who are overweight or obese are likely to suffer heart disease or diabetes.

1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

Height in (m)

Mass

(kg)

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Very obese

obese

overweight

ideal

Activity Measuring Height and Weight

Measure your height using the height chart on the wall.

Weigh your self on the bathroom scales.

With a pencil , draw a straight line across your chart with

a ruler at your weight.

Now draw a straight line up at your height.

Where the 2 lines meet will indicate your weight type.

Fruit /

vegetables

Bread /

cereal

Meat/fish

Fat/sugar

Milk/dairy

Daily Balance

Use the pie chart and graph to answer the following questions :

1. Which food group gives you the most energy

2. Why do you need a large amount of fruit and vegetable

each day ?

3. Meat and fish are made of what kind of food ?

4. John is 1.70 m tall and weighs 85 kg. Use the graph and comment on Johns weight.

5. Would you need any other information before you recommend

John lose weight ?

Energy requirements The total amount of energy required per

day depends on several factors such as the person’s Age: adults and growing teenagers need more

energy than young children Sex: men normally need more energy than

women Size: people with a bigger body frame need

more energy than those with a smaller build Occupation: people with active jobs require

more energy Lifestyle: some sports and activities use up

more energy than others.

Person Daily energy requirement (kJ)

2 year-old child 5000

6 year-old child 6500

12-15 year-old girl 9600

12-15 year old boy 11700

Woman (light work) 9500

Woman (pregnant) 10000

Woman (heavy work 12500

Man (light work) 11500

Man (moderate work) 13000

Man (very heavy work)

15500

The importance of energy balance If the energy taken in by a person

equals the energy the use up, they are energy balanced and will not lose or gain weight.

If more energy is taken in than used up, a person will gain weight.

If less energy is taken in than used up, a person will lose weight.

Leisure activity Approximate energy used per hour (kJ)

Watching TV 400

Walking 1000

Swimming 1500

Tennis 1700

Football 2150

Running 2500

Boxing 3200

Body fat The human body needs fat for a

variety of reasons: Acts as an energy store Used under the skin to insulate the

body by reducing heat loss Fat pads in hands and feet absorb

shock Required to make nerve cells work

Measuring body fat The body of a healthy adult

female should contain 20-25% fat and a male should have 15-20%.

Body fat can be measured using a skin fold calliper (low tech) or a fat sensor (high tech).

Using a skin fold calliper Measurements taken in four key

positions on right-hand side of body. A fold of skin is taken between

thumb and index finger and calliper is applied to the fold.

Add the four average results together then refer to % fat content table provided by your teacher.

1 2 3

Back of arm

Front of arm

Waist

Below shoulderblade

Total

Percentage

Average

Our body must be kept at a constant temperature between 36 and 37.3°C in order to work efficiently.

Body temperature can alter slightly depending on where it is measured, the time of day and in women, the time of month (menstrual cycle).

 The brain acts as a thermostat to maintain a constant body temperature.

Body temperature

A body temperature above 40°C can lead to heatstroke or indicate fever as a result of fighting infection.

A body temperature below 35°C indicates hypothermia. If the temperature of the body falls below 30°C, death can result. Babies and the elderly are particularly at risk.

We can measure body temperature using: a clinical thermometer

a liquid crystal thermometer

a digital clinical thermometer

Measuring Body Temperature

Temp. (ºC) Temp. (ºC)

Clinical thermometer

Liquid crystal

thermometer

Digital thermometer

1. Which thermometer do you think gives the most reliable reading of your body temperature?  2. Which thermometer is the easiest to use?

Exercise and healthy muscles Most of the energy obtained by

food is to help us move. All movement is brought about by

the action of muscles. When muscles contract they

become shorter and fatter and the parts of the body they are attached to move.

After contraction, muscles relax and return to their original shape.

Muscles must work in pairs and the diagram below shows the pair of muscles in the upper arm.

Bicep contracts to bend the arm

Tricep contracts to straighten the arm

Muscles need to be exercised regularly to maintain their size and strength.

Regular workouts make muscles develop a better blood supply , grow bigger and increase in strength.

If muscles are not exercised regularly, they decrease in size and strength.

Measuring muscle strength Hand grip strength is measured in

newtons using a dynamometer.

1st dynamomter reading

2nd dynamometer reading

Average

Right hand

Left hand

Muscle fatigue

This investigation will test your muscle endurance!

Trial 1 No.of elbow bends

1st min

2nd min

3rd min

Trial 2 No. of elbow bends

1st min

2nd min

3rd min

Instructions

Stretch right arm straight out to the side

Bend arm at elbow until hand touches shoulder and fully straighten again

Record no. of bends you can manage in one min

Repeat twice Rest for five minutes Repeat whole exercise

Reaction Time In many sports it is important to

react quickly to a certain signal. The time taken to respond to a

stimulus is called reaction time. Reaction time can be affected by

drugs, alcohol or excitement. It can be a useful indicator of a

person’s health.

A long reaction time can indicate that the person is suffering from Diabetes Brain disorder Nerve disorder Arterial disease

Reaction time can be measured using a dropped metre stick or an electronic timer.

Measuring reaction time 1. Hold metre stick above your

partner’s hand. 2. Drop the stick unexpectedly. Your

partner must grab it as quickly as they can.

3. Read the length on the ruler that has fallen through their hand.

4. Look up the reaction time table and record the time in seconds.

Reaction time 1 (secs)

Reaction time 2 (secs)

Reaction time 3 (secs)

Average

Right hand

Left hand

Alcohol Alcohol is a colourless liquid formed

by the action of yeast on sugar solutions.

Different alcoholic drinks have different volumes of alcohol in them and this is given as a percentage.

The higher the percentage of alcohol content,the stronger the alcoholic drink.

Alcohol is taken into the blood from the stomach.

When it reaches the brain it causes changes in brain activity.

The liver slowly breaks down alcohol present in the blood into harmless substances.

Alcohol in the blood can be measured using an alcometer (high tech) or a breathalyser (low tech)

Short term effects of alcohol include Slower reaction time Poor muscle control Poor judgement

Long term effects include Liver damage Brain damage