What is geomorphology? Definitions geo = earth morph = form -ology = study of 1.
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Transcript of What is geomorphology? Definitions geo = earth morph = form -ology = study of 1.
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What is geomorphology?Definitions
• geo = earth
• morph = form
• -ology = study of
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What is geomorphology?Definitions
• Surface features
• Surface processes
• Surface materials
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What is geomorphology?Definitions
• Study of landforms and landscapes
– Types of landforms
• Hills, valleys, floodplains, sinkholes, moraines, etc.
– Types of landscapes
• Karst, Fluvial, Glacial
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What is geomorphology?Definitions
• Study of surface processes responsible for landforms / landscapes
– A sub-discipline is process geomorphology– Current processes– Past processes
• Relict landscapes/landforms ( = paleoforms). • Relic is something that has survived decay or deterioration.
Example of a relict landscape?
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What past processes created this relict landscape?
What modern processes are modifying it?
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Were the processes that created the relict landforms destructional or constructional?
Are the modern processes modifying this landscapedestructional or constructional?
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What past processes created this relict landscape?
What modern processes are modifying it?7
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Were the processes that created the relict landforms destructional or constructional?
Are the modern processes modifying this landscapedestructional or constructional? 8
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What is geomorphology?Scale
Consider scale of earth’s surface features
• How does scale of features relate to age?
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The Earth: the ultimate landform
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• Scale of landforms varies over 15 (!) orders of magnitude.• continents (107 km2) to microscale features like ripples, glacial striations (10-8 km2).
• Age of landforms varies over 7-8 orders of magnitude.• continents (109 years) to microscale features like pools and riffles (102 years).
• Larger landforms most durable (longer-lasting).•Smaller landforms created/destroyed faster than larger ones.
• Rates of geomorphic / geologic change slow for larger areas, faster when measured over small areas.
• example: earthquakes compared to glaciers• rate of erosion in small watershed compared to larger one
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William MorrisDavis introduced idea that landforms can be explained by one
--or usually a combination-- of the following:
Structure: rock mass (or unconsolidated material mass).
Process: constructive or destructive process(es) acting now orpreviously on structure.
Time (stage): landforms evolve through stages from continuedactions of geomorphic process(es).
Summary: “some rock (or soil/sediment) mass is being altered by some process, and the alteration has proceeded to a definable extent (stage)over a definite interval.” (Bloom, 1998) 15
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StructureStructure ProcessProcess
TimeTimeResulting Landform
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Example
Structure: Limestone bedrock (Paleozoic)
Process: Dissolution (Cenozoic)
Time: 10,000 years
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Structure? Process? Time?
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Structure: limestone bedrock Process: weathering (dissolution)Time: 103 to 106 years?
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Structure? Process? Time?
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Structure: delta sediments Process: deposition / erosionTime: 103 to 104 years?
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What is geomorphology?
• Study of landforms and landscapes (the “what”).
• Study of surface processes responsible for landforms / landscapes (the “why”).
• Relationship between landform scale and age.
• Landforms can be explained in terms of structure, process and time.
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