What is Blood Made Of? Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Plasma Platelets.
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Transcript of What is Blood Made Of? Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Plasma Platelets.
Grades 9-12
M. Wetherbee
Blood Typing
What is Blood Made Of?
•Red Blood Cells
•White Blood Cells
•Plasma
•Platelets
ErythrocytesErythro: redCytes: cells
Transport oxygenCarry away carbon dioxideNo nucleus
LeukocytesLeuko: whiteCytes: cells
Important aspect of immune system“Eat” bacteria and other foreign substances
Formed from stem cells in bone marrow
PlasmaMostly water
Proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and clotting factors
Proteins used to fight infectionProvides means of transportation for the other blood cells
Thrombocytes Thrombo: blood clottingCyte: cell
Sticky, have irregular shapeForm blood clotsNo nucleusFormed in bone marrow
History of Blood Typing1900-1901Karl Landsteiner of Austria
Noted agglutination of patients’ red blood cells when they received serum from someone else
Determined this was due to red blood cell antigens and serum antiobodies
A blood group and B blood groupO for “ohne”AB blood group1910: Blood type is inherited
The ABO Blood Group System Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B
antibody in the plasma)
Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma)
Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma)
Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma)
http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-typesm
Rh FactorAnother antigen found on red blood cells is the Rh factor
If present, indicated as (+)If not present, indicated as (-)Example:
A+A antigens on red blood cells, B antibodies in plasma, Rh factor present
OK, So What Are Antigens?
Antigens cause immune responseRed blood cells have millions of
antigensThese recognized and ignored by body’s immune system
When red blood cells with unfamiliar antigens enter body, immune system attacks it
Blood Type is Inherited
A, B, AB, O determined by a sugarRh (+) or (-) determined by a proteinDNA determines the sugars and
proteins your body producesDNA is inherited
Phenotype Genotype
A AA or AO
B BB or BO
AB AB
O OO
Determining Blood TypeSimple test
Drop of blood combined with an anti-A chemical and anti-B chemicalIf reacts with anti-A, blood is type AIf reacts with anti-B, blood is type BIf reacts with both, blood is ABIf no reaction, blood is type O
Similar test for Rh factorIf blood clots, Rh (+)If no clot, Rh (-)
Who Gets What?Group A Group A or Group ABGroup B Group B or Group ABGroup O All blood groups
Universal donorGroup AB Only Group AB
Universal acceptor
Donor Recipient
OABAB
OABAB
