What is Artificial Intelligence?What is Artificial Intelligence?

Abbas MehrabianAbbas Mehrabian

Teacher:Teacher:

Dr. M. Raei SharifDr. M. Raei Sharif

Saturday, 6 Esfand 1384Saturday, 6 Esfand 1384

I will not talk about Robots!I will not talk about Robots!

What is Intelligence and who is What is Intelligence and who is Intelligent?Intelligent?

About IntelligenceAbout Intelligence

Intelligence is subjective, Intelligence is subjective, – You need not be great in all domains to be You need not be great in all domains to be

called intelligent.called intelligent.– Physicists boil watches!Physicists boil watches!

Intelligence is a relative measure.Intelligence is a relative measure.– A very small child who talks easilyA very small child who talks easily– A dog which identifies his owner’s voiceA dog which identifies his owner’s voice

What do they say about Intelligence?What do they say about Intelligence?

Intelligence is the ability to carry out abstract Intelligence is the ability to carry out abstract thinking.thinking.

Intelligence is adaptation to the environment.Intelligence is adaptation to the environment.

Intelligence is what you do when you don't know Intelligence is what you do when you don't know what to do.what to do.

What is What is ARTIFICIALARTIFICIAL Intelligence? Intelligence?

SamplesSamples

Thermostats?Thermostats? Computers that switch to “stand by” mode Computers that switch to “stand by” mode

automatically?automatically? Phones that recognize names?Phones that recognize names? Airplanes autopilots?Airplanes autopilots?

What are the goals of Artificial Intelligence?What are the goals of Artificial Intelligence?

To create machines, that can do more jobs than To create machines, that can do more jobs than previous ones, with better performance.previous ones, with better performance.

To add features to machines which machines To add features to machines which machines don’t have, but human has.don’t have, but human has.– Human can conclude from known facts.Human can conclude from known facts.– Human can guess!Human can guess!– Human can make relations between new un-Human can make relations between new un-

identified objects and known objects.identified objects and known objects.

Why are Humans Intelligence?Why are Humans Intelligence?

LearningLearning ReasoningReasoning Problem SolvingProblem Solving Feeling environmentFeeling environment

– Vision (being able to recognize object by seeing)Vision (being able to recognize object by seeing)– Audio (being able to recognize voices)Audio (being able to recognize voices)

Formal Definition of ARTIFICIAL Formal Definition of ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE

Human LevelHuman Levellogic + logic + emotionemotion

LogicalLogical

BehaviorBehavior

Systems that Systems that behave like behave like

humans.humans.Systems that act Systems that act

logically.logically.

ThinkingThinkingSystems that think Systems that think

like humans.like humans.Systems that Systems that think logically.think logically.

How to Judge A.I.?How to Judge A.I.?

Systems that act like human.Systems that act like human.– Turing Test, Turing Test, Alan Turing, 1950Alan Turing, 1950

Basic test: Basic test: – Judge (human) in one room, human in another, system in a Judge (human) in one room, human in another, system in a

thirdthird– Judge asks questions; human and system answerJudge asks questions; human and system answer– Judge tries to guess which is whichJudge tries to guess which is which– If the system wins, it’s passed the Turing Test and it is If the system wins, it’s passed the Turing Test and it is

intelligence!intelligence!

The abilities a system should have to The abilities a system should have to pass the testpass the test

Natural Language ProcessingNatural Language Processing

Knowledge RepresentationKnowledge Representation

ReasoningReasoning

LearningLearning

When Philosophy interacts with AI….When Philosophy interacts with AI….

CAN MACHINES THINK?CAN MACHINES THINK?– Can: now or future? Maybe we need more Can: now or future? Maybe we need more

advanced technologyadvanced technology– Machine: Is human a protein machine?Machine: Is human a protein machine?– Think: Does the intelligent system “knows” what Think: Does the intelligent system “knows” what

it does?it does?

Engineering view: It’s not important! Machines Engineering view: It’s not important! Machines can help us in industry…and that’s enough!can help us in industry…and that’s enough!

ReferencesReferences

Thanks for listening to my presentation…Thanks for listening to my presentation…any questions??any questions??