What is an Ergogenic Aid? - A substance or device that enhances performance - Illegal (e.g. blood...
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Transcript of What is an Ergogenic Aid? - A substance or device that enhances performance - Illegal (e.g. blood...
![Page 1: What is an Ergogenic Aid? - A substance or device that enhances performance - Illegal (e.g. blood doping) or legal (e.g. carbohydrate loading)](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/5697c0111a28abf838ccbd93/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PERFORMANCE ENHANCING SUBSTANCES
AND TECHNIQUES
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What is an Ergogenic Aid?
- A substance or device that enhances performance
- Illegal (e.g. blood doping) or legal (e.g. carbohydrate loading)
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3 Types Ergogenic Aids
1. Nutritional Aids
2. Pharmacological Aids
3. Physiological Aids
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1. Nutritional Aids
Substances used to enhance performance
Nutrients, metabolic by products of nutrients, food, substances commonly found in food provided in greater amounts than normal
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Example: Creatine
Description of the substance:
- an amino acid produced in the liver
that supplies some energy to muscle
cells
- found in skeletal muscle
- increases production of ATP
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Why does one take it?- Recall, when ATP is used during short
bursts of activity, it turns into ADP- ADP needs a phosphocreatine to turn
back into ATP- Supplementing extra creatine speeds up
this process- Access is excreted
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Availability and Cost
- Health food stores, gyms, online, etc…- 20$ to 30$ for a container (500g-1000)- Found naturally in red meats and some
carbs
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Short and Long Term Effects- Water retention - More energy - Muscles cramps- Upset stomach
- Liver dysfunction - Kidney damage - Unknown
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Legal or Illegal- Legal
Dangers and Risks- Possible damage to organs- May suppress bodies own need to
create creatine naturally- Gateway drug- Most unknown
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2. Pharmacological Aids Aka ‘doping’ the use of an artifice, whether substance
or method, potentially dangers to an athlete’s health and/or capable of enhancing performance
Need to be aware of over the counter drugs that contain traces
Almost universally banned Regular testing
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Example: Anabolic SteroidsDescription of the Substance: - Synthetic derivatives of the male
hormone testosterone
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Why does one take it?
- Increase protein synthesis- Aids in the formation of muscle cells- Muscle grow bigger and repair faster
Availability and Cost
- Drug deals, online sites- $60 to $100 per bottle
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Short and Long Term Effects- Muscle size increase- Liver damage- Aggressiveness- Facial hair growth - Deepening voice- Irregularities in the
menstrual cycle
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Legal or Illegal- Illegal without prescription
Dangers or Risks- See side effects- Organ damage- Remember the man whose arms
exploded ????
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3. Physiological Aids
Practices used by an athlete Help with performance May alter heart rate, adrenaline rate,
change the growth of muscles and bones
Types: blood doping and drug masking
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Recall;
Performance Enhancing Substances Include:
1. Nutritional AIDS Vitamins and minerals Proteins and amino acids Releasers of growth hormones Carnitine Creatin Caffine
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2. Pharmacological AIDS Pain masking drugs Anabolic steroids Prohormone HGH Erythropoitin
Restrictions: alcohol – prohibited Marijuana – impairs psychomotor Local anaesthetics Corticosteriods Beta bolckers
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3. Physiological AIDS
4. Blood Doping- removal of one’s own red blood cells- give the body enough time to produce more- Then re-inject removed blood cells, thereby
increasing the total volume of oxygen carrying red blood cells
- Higher red blood cell count cause heart to work harder and increase the risk of cardiac fatigue and heart failure
- Nowadays, blood doping has been replaced by injecting EPO (which causes body to create new RBC)
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2. Drug Masking
- Drugs used to mask or reduce presence of banned substances – 2 forms
- Agents that dilute the concentration of banned drugs in bloodstream
- Diuretics which increase amount of urine produced to dilute the substance
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Drug Testing - Successful drug testing involves random, year
round, and unannounced testing- Athlete provides urine sample – usually after
competition but sometimes before- Even if detected, may not be enough- Feerations make pre-set limits for each banned
substance- Masking agents are also banned- HGH, testosterone and EPO are more difficult to
detect because they have to be distinguished from naturally occuring hormones in the body
- Testing positive is based on threshold values for naturally occuring substances in the blood