What is an Animal?. Characteristics of Animals All animals have several characteristics in common....
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Transcript of What is an Animal?. Characteristics of Animals All animals have several characteristics in common....
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What is an Animal?
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Characteristics of Animals
• All animals have several characteristics in common. What are the four common characteristics of animals?– Eukaryotic– Multicellular– Heterotrophic– No cell wall
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What Do Animals Do to Survive?
• Feeding• Respiration• Circulation• Excretion• Response• Movement• Reproduction
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Trends in Animal Evolution
• Your survey of the animal kingdom will begin with simple forms and move through more complicated ones.
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Phylogenetic relationships: Trends in Animal Evolution
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Cell Specialization and Levels of Organization
• Groups of specialized cells that work together form tissues.
• Tissues join together to form organs.
• Group of organs work together to form organ systems– EX: Circulatory
system
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Cephalization
• Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front end or head of the body.
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Animal Body Plans
• What is symmetry? Arrangement of body parts on opposite sides of a plane or line
Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry
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Animal Body Plans
• Acoelom – Without a body cavity
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Animal Body Plans
• Pseudocoelom– Fluid-filled internal
space that is in direct contact with the wall of the digestive tract.
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Animal Body Plans
• Coelom– Fluid-filled body
cavity completely lined by a layer of mesoderm cells and suspending internal organs
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Animal Body Plans
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How do these body plans develop?
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Early Development
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Development of Animal Body Plans• Cell Division– The zygote divides by mitosis and cell division to
form two cells in a process called cleavage. – How important is this first cell division?• Problems can led to defects in embryo
Zygote
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Development of Animals: Gastrulation (a process of forming cell layers)
• The zygote undergoes a series of divisions to form a blastula, which is a hollow ball of cells.
Demo Phylums Porifera and Cnidaria only have two layers
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Protostome vs. deuterostomeMouth is formed from the blastopore Anus is formed from the blastopore
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Formation of a Coelom (body cavity): Neurulation
• Body cavity – a fluid-filled space that lies between the digestive tract and the body wall.
Gastrula
Embryo Development