What is all this stuff about battery fires?

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What is all this What is all this stuff stuff About About Battery Battery Fires? Fires? By Roy Nutter N8BHI

Transcript of What is all this stuff about battery fires?

Page 1: What is all this stuff about battery fires?

What is all this stuffWhat is all this stuffAboutAbout

BatteryBattery Fires? Fires?

ByRoy Nutter

N8BHI

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Types of BatteriesTypes of Batteries

Carbon ZincLead AcidNickol Cadmium NiCdNichol Metal Hydride NiMHLithium Li

– Lithium Ion– LiPo– LiFePO4

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CapacityCapacity

Carbon Zinc

Lead Acid 25 W-Hr /Kg

Nichol Metal Hydride 100 W-Hr /Kg(60-70 typical)

Lithium 150 W-Hr /Kg

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Carbon ZincCarbon Zinc

The FIRST “dry” batterySingle use primary battery (ie no recharge)

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Lead AcidLead Acid

Flooded CellGell CellAbsorbed Glass Mat, AGM

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Lead ACidLead ACid

Flooded Cell 50% loss per monthGel Cell 40% loss per monthAGM 10% loss per month

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NiCdNiCd

Memory effect

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NiMHNiMH

20% loss per month

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Lithium batteriesLithium batteries

Li ion or LiCoO2 Li cobalt 3.7 v/cellLi po or Lithium polymer 3.7 v/cellLiFePo4 Li iron phoshate 3.2 v/cell

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Li ionLi ionLiCoO2 Lithium Cobalt OxideLiCoO2 Lithium Cobalt Oxide

LiPo is similarLiPo is similar

.1% loss per monthNo memory effectStart to degrade at the factory“2 to 3 year lifetime” per reportsHEAT is a killer for degradationComplete discharge = toastMUST have onboard computer managementUndercharge or overcharge = FIRE !

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Batteries produced with LiCoOBatteries produced with LiCoO22

while providing higher capacity, – are more reactive and – Have have poorer thermal stability

Susceptible to thermal runaway– If abused – or overcharged

high temperatures (>130 deg C)At high temps generates O2

– Reactw with organic electrolyte– EXOTHERMIC reaction = FIRE !!

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Movie of iPAD hammeredMovie of iPAD hammered

Battery overcharge https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-AoAYrEy-o

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Simple Guidelines for Using Lithium-ion Simple Guidelines for Using Lithium-ion BatteriesBatteries

Lithium-ion batteries contain little lithium metal and in case of a fire they can be dowsed with water.

If the fire of a burning lithium-ion battery cannot be extinguished, allow the pack to burn out in a controlled and safe way.

Be aware of cell propagation as each cell might be consumed on its own time table when hot. Place a seemingly burned-out pack outside for a time.

goal with the water is to drop the temp of the surrounding batteries so they don’t overheat and vent.

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Only lithium-metal batteries require a Only lithium-metal batteries require a Class D extinguisher.Class D extinguisher.

If a Class D extinguisher is not available to douse a lithium-metal fire, only pour water to prevent the fire from spreading as water interacts with lithium.

For best results dowsing a Li-ion fire, use a foam extinguisher, CO2, ABC dry chemical, powdered graphite, copper powder or soda (sodium carbonate) as you would extinguish other combustible fires.

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LiFePO4LiFePO4Lithium Iron PhosphateLithium Iron Phosphate

Safer than Li ionthermal and chemical stability over Li ionLong cycle life 2000-7000 cyclesCan be quick charged

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Electric VehiclesElectric Vehicles

Tesla S ran over a tow hitch in the road– Fixed by adding a skid plate under the pack.

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QuestionsQuestions

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How ToHow ToExtinguishing in flight computer laptop Extinguishing in flight computer laptop

firesfires

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=video&cd=37&ved=0ahUKEwjGzeft1_zKAhXKrB4KHSU3Ba84HhC3Agg2MAY&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DvS6KA_Si-m8&usg=AFQjCNHezlg1YOQPXgIRZ2Wx0tQ3KiBlRQ&bvm=bv.114195076,d.dmo

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Hitting cell phone with hammerHitting cell phone with hammer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4qJ8WcNGwg