What is a Thermal Power Plant - Ladwig

8/2/2019 What is a Thermal Power Plant - Ladwig

1/48

Baden, 05/11/2009

Dr. Michael Ladwig

Head of Marketing & Product Management

What is a Thermal Power Plant?Non-Technical Product Training


2/48

Non-Technical Product training - What is a Thermal Power Plant? - 05 Nov 2009, ml - P 2

ALSTOM 2009. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is provided without liability for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to theaccuracy or completeness of information or fitness for any particular purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Non-Technical Product Training

Objective of Part 1 of this training:

You understand the different power plant types

Segmentation according working media

Segmentation according fuel

You can explain

What a steam power plant is

What a nuclear power plant is

What a gas power plant is

You do know the basics of the products the Thermal Systems

Business is offering to the market


3/48



Plant BusinessPower Market in 2012

Middle East & Africa(10%)

South America(4%)

North America(10%)

Europe(14%)

Others

Gas & Steam Power Plants will account for 74%of the ordered Power Plants worldwide in 2012!

Asia/Pacific(9%)

Russia / CIS(4%)

China & India(49%)

Coal-, oil or gas firedSteam Power Plants

Gas- or oil fired

Simple & Combined

Cycle Power Plants

Total market size 2012: 243.4 GW

Nuclear fired

Steam Power Plants


4/48



PowerProducts & Services

Control Systems

Gas Turbines,Steam Turbines,

Turbogenerators

Boilers,Heat Recovery Steam Generators,

Air Quality Control Systems

Hydro Power Plants Wind Power Plants

Service and Operation & Maintenancefor Plants & Equipment

Steam Power Plants,Gas Power Plants


5/48



Agenda

The Very Basics

Power Plant Segmentation

What is a Steam Power Plant

What is a Gas Power Plant

The Fundamentals of Thermal Power Plants

Products of Alstom Power Thermal Systems


6/48



What is a Power Plant?

A power plant needs at a minimum

A generator, which produces electrical energy

A motorwhich drives the generator

Gas motor, diesel motor, otto motor, stirling motor

Steam turbine, Gas turbine, Wind turbine, Water turbine

Energy to drive the motor

Fossil fuel (natural gas, oil, methanol, alcohol )

Wind energy

Solar energy

Geothermal energy

Nuclear energy

Energy provided by water (through height difference, waves)

Cable to the grid and the consumer


7/48




Alternate current in the electricity grid

Europe, Australia, Africa, most parts of Asia and South America ->

50 Hertz = 50 Hz = 50 times per second change of direction of

electron flow

North America, parts of South America, Saudi Arabia, South Korea,

Philippines, South part of Japan = 60 Hz

All the power plants connected to an electricity grid need to produce at

any time the electricity obtained from the grid by the consumer

If not -> frequency changes with possible damage to electricity

consumers

Grid Control Centres ensure that producers and consumers are in

balance


8/48




The output of a power plant is measured in Watt

1 W = 1 Watt

1 kW = 1000 W

1 MW = 1000 kW = 1000000 W

Rule of thumb for developed countries

1 MW is good for 1000 people


9/48



Agenda

The very basics




The fundamentals of thermal power plants



10/48



Power Plant SegmentationAccording Working Media

What is the media which drives the turbine (= motor)?

Gas Power Plant

Exhaust gas from a combustion process Steam Power Plant

Heated water through through a combustion process (boiler) or

through heat exchange ( heat exchanger or reactor or .) Wind Power Plant

Hydro Power Plant

Height difference

Flow in rivers

Waves


11/48



Power Plant SegmentationAccording Fuel

What is the prime energy sources?

Gas Power Plants (gas-fired power plant)

Natural gas Coal power plant (coal-fired power plant)

Black coal

Brown coal (lignite) ..

Waste Power Plant

Nuclear power plant

Uranium

Wind power plant

Hydro power plant


12/48



Agenda

The very basics







13/48



What is a Steam Power Plant (STPP)?

Kettle

Steam

SteamTurbine

Thermal

Energy

Generator


14/48



Principle of Steam Power Plants

=> Mechanical Energy => Electrical EnergyThermal Energy

Boiler

Economizer

Evaporator

Superheater

Steam

Cooling

Condenser

Feedwater pump

CondensateFeedwater

Air

Fuel

SteamTurbine

Generator

Flue gas


15/48




Exhaust

G

GElectrical Power

Gas Turbine

Deaerator

Cooling Water

Electrical Generator

(Turbogenerator)

Fuel (Coal, Biomass or other fuel)

Air Quality Control Systemfor NOx, SOx, Rocks, Mercury

Boiler(Steam Generator)

Condenser

Air

Steam Turbine

(Turbomachine)

S S


16/48



Principle of a Steam Turbine (ST)Multistage Turbine

Steam flows

under high

pressure

through fixedblades

Steam hitsmoving blades,

which rotate by

the steam forces

The movingblades turn the

rotor. Torque is

produced to turn

a generator.1st stage 2nd stage

Stationary

blade row

Rotating blade row


17/48



Principle of a Steam Turbine

200 MW Steam Turbine - Shop assembly

5 m3/s 4000 m3/sx 800

P i i l f St T bi


18/48



Principle of a Steam Turbine1000 MW class multi-casing turbine

High Pressure (HP)Turbine

IntermediatePressure (IP) Turbine

Low Pressure (LP)Turbines

Generator


19/48



What is a Steam Power Plant?


20/48



What is a Steam Power Plant?



21/48



Principle of Steam Power PlantsNuclear Power Plant (NPP)

=> Mechanical Energy => Electrical EnergyThermal Energy

Reactor

Steam

Cooling

Condenser

Feedwater pump

CondensateFeedwater

SteamTurbine

Generator


22/48



Agenda

The very basics






What is a Gas Power Plant?


23/48



What is a Gas Power Plant?Simple Cycle Power Plant (SCPP)


(Turbogenerator) G

Air

Fuel (Gas or Oil)

Gas Turbine

(Turbomachine)

What is a Gas Power Plant?


24/48



What is a Gas Power Plant?Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP)

Exhaust

Cooling

Air


(Turbogenerator)

G

G

Air Quality Control Systemfor NOx, SOx, Rocks, Mercury

Steam Turbine

(Turbomachine)

Condenser


(Turbogenerator)

Heat RecoverySteam Generator(HRSG)

Gas Turbine

(Turbomachine)

Fuel (Gas or Oil)

Air


25/48



What is a Gas Turbine?

SUCKSUCK BANGBANG BLOWBLOW

CompressorCompressor CombustorCombustor TurbineTurbine



26/48



Combustor

Fuel distribution system

Variable inletguide vanesRotor

EV (EnVironmental)

Burners

Generator drive

Bearings

Bearing

What is a Gas Turbine?GT13E2 (50 Hz)



27/48



Compressor

EV Fuel Distribution System

for 1st Combustor

SEV (Sequential EV) Fuel

Distribution System

for 2nd Combustor

High Pressure Turbine

Low Pressure Turbine

What is a Gas Turbine?GT24 (60 Hz) / GT26 (50 Hz)

Combined Cycle Power Plant


28/48



Heat

Recovery

Steam

Generator

(HRSG)

Gas TurbineControl

Systems

Turbogenerator

Steam

Turbine

Condenser

Heat

Recovery

Steam

Generator

Steam TurbineGas Turbine

Turbo-generator

Clutch

Condenser

Combined Cycle Power PlantSingle Shaft Power Train

Output Efficiency

Simple Cycle 100% 34%-38%

Combined Cycle 150% 50%-59%+


29/48



What is a Combined Cycle Power Plant?


30/48





31/48





32/48




Steam Tail (Add-on)


33/48



FlueGas

Air

Generator

Gas Turbine

Fuel

( )Conversion of Simple to Combined Cycle Power Plant

Feedwater

Heat

RecoverySteamGenerator(HRSG)

SteamTurbine

Generator

Steam

Cooling

Condenser

Feedwater pump

Condensate

Repowering


34/48



p gConversion of a STPP into a CCPP

FlueGas

Cooling

CondensateFeedwater

Steam

Condenser

Feedwater pump

SteamTurbine

Generator

Boiler

Economizer

Evaporator

Superheater

Air

Fuel

AirCombustor

Compressor Turbine

Generator

Gas TurbineFuel Heat

RecoverySteamGenerator(HRSG)

A d


35/48



Agenda

The very basics






How canth l t ffi i b i d?


36/48



the power plant efficiency be increased?

Efficiency is defined as

Energy Output (electrical energy)

divided by

energy input (energy contained in the fuel)

For a given electrical power of xxx MW

the efficiency is influencing the amount of fuel needed.

With higher efficiency

Less amount of fuel is needed

Less money is to spend

1% more efficiency is millions of Euro saved!

How canthe po er plant efficienc be increased?


37/48



the power plant efficiency be increased?

The efficiency depends on

the maximal temperature of the thermodynamic cycle

Steam temperature at the inlet to the steam turbine

Gas temperature at inlet to the turbine of the gas turbine

If the maximum temperature is higher,

the pressure needs to be higher as well

As cooler the cooling water as higher the efficiency

Remember: A thermal Power Plant needs a cold end!

What are todays power plant efficiencies?


38/48



What are todays power plant efficiencies?

World average power plant efficiency is about 30%

Open Cycle Power Plants with Natural Gas as fuel

can reach today a plant net efficiency of 39%

Steam Turbine Plants with Brown Coal (Lignite)

as fuel can reach today a plant net efficiency of >43.5%

with Black Coal today >46.5%

Conversion of open cycle power plants into

combined cycle power plants boosts the

efficiency to ~54%

Combined Cycle Power Plants with Natural Gas

as fuel can reach today net efficiency today 59%+

The Race is for 50% for Coal Fuel and 60% for Gas Fuel

How does CO2 emissions come into thepicture?


39/48



picture?

As higher the efficiency as less CO2 is emitted

As higher the steam temperature and the pressure

as more demanding is the technology needed

to achieve the availabilities of the plants required to make it economical

Result:

Minimization of CO2 emissions is achieved through efficiency

increase

As higher efficiencies means more costly technology the payback of

investments is strongly influenced

- Fuel price, Availability, Operation and Maintenance Costs

- CO2! costs

Agenda


40/48



Agenda

The very basics






Thermal SystemsProduct Portfolio


41/48



Alstom in-house components:

Gas & Steam Turbines, Turbogenerators, Boilers, Control Systems,

Product Portfolio

Gas PowerPlants

Steam PowerPlants Environmental

Control

SystemsDelivering Power Solutions:

Fully integrated and optimised

Environment-friendly

Unique in-depth understandingas all major components aredesigned & manufactured in-house

Delivering Power Solutions:

Fully integrated and optimised

Environment-friendly

Unique in-depth understandingas all major components are

designed & manufactured in-house

Mawan - Desulphurization

Emsland, KA26-2 CCPP

Neurath, Pulverized coal STPP

CO2 Capture

Systems

CCS Ready Solution

Gas Power PlantsProducts and Differentiators


42/48



Alstom is different:

Outstanding

operational flexibility High plant efficiency

up to and above 59%

Robust against fuel

gas compositionchanges


Outstanding

operational flexibility High plant efficiency

up to and above 59%

Robust against fuelgas compositionchanges

Combined Cycle KA26 (50 Hz)

KA24 (60 Hz)

KA13E2 (50 Hz)

KA11N2 LBtu* (50/60 Hz)

Products and Differentiators

Simple Cycle

SC13E2

Add-on Conversion of

Simple Cycle toCombined Cycle

Repowering Conversion of

Steam PowerPlantsto Combined Cycle

Cartagena CCPP, Spain(1200 MW)

Tallawara CCPP, Australia(400 MW)

* LBtu: Low British thermal unit = Low calorific fuels

Gas Power PlantsIndustrial Solutions


43/48



Industrial Solutions

Steel & Aluminium

Fuel gases fromsteel production

Solutions to followfast demandchanges

Cogeneration

Power & Steam for:

District Heating

Desalination Other industrial

applications Fujairah II CCPP, Emirates(2000 MW with steam extraction

for desalination)

Sohar CCPP, Oman(1000 MW to powerAluminium smelter)


Flexibility to fully adapt

to industrial customerneeds

Full range of Alstomproducts for industrialpower generation

References for avariety of industries


Flexibility to fully adapt

to industrial customerneeds

Full range of Alstomproducts for industrialpower generation

References for avariety of industries

Steam Power PlantsProducts and Differentiators


44/48



Products and Differentiators

Belchatow PC Plant, Poland(858 MW)

TEG II CFB Plant, Mexico(2 x 260 MW)

300 MW 1200 MW

Subcritical and Super-critical


Unique fuel excellence

also with difficult toburn fuels

Low emission throughclean combustion andleading air quality

control systems

Cutting-edge expertisewith advancedsupercritical plants


Unique fuel excellence

also with difficult toburn fuels

Low emission throughclean combustion andleading air quality

control systems Cutting-edge expertise

with advancedsupercritical plants

Pulverised CoalBoiler (PC)

Circulating

Fluidised BedBoiler (CFB)

100 MW 600 MW

Subcritical and

Supercritical

Plant IntegratorTM

Our Trademark


45/48



Our Trademark

Gas Power Plants

Plant IntegratorTM: Optimised solutions, Added Value

Turnk

ey

focu

s

Component focus

Architect

Engineers

Architect

Engineers

Competitor1

Competitor1

Competitor

2

Competitor

2Comp.

3

Comp.

3

Added value

customer Value

PowerProducts & Services


46/48



Products & Services

Control Systems

Gas Turbines,Steam Turbines,

Turbogenerators

Boilers,Heat Recovery Steam Generators,

Air Quality Control Systems

Hydro Power Plants Wind Power Plants

Service and Operation & Maintenancefor Plants & Equipment

Steam Power Plants,Gas Power Plants

Non-Technical Product Training


47/48



Non Technical Product Training

Did I meet the objective of this part 1 of this training?

You understand the different power plant types

Segmentation according working media

Segmentation according fuel

You can explain What a steam power plant is

What a nuclear power plant is

What a gas power plant is You do know the basics of the products the Thermal Systems

Business is offering to the market


48/48

www.alstom.com

What is a Thermal Power Plant - Ladwig

Documents

Transcript of What is a Thermal Power Plant - Ladwig