What is a solution?. Solution A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components. The...
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Transcript of What is a solution?. Solution A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components. The...
What is a solution?
Solution
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components.
The dissolving agent is the solvent. The substance which is dissolved is the solute. The components of a solution are atoms, ions,
or molecules, which makes them 10-9 m or smaller in diameter (not visible to the naked eye).
Identify the Solvent and Solute
Suspensions
The particles in suspensions are larger than those found in solutions.
Components of a suspension can be evenly distributed by a mechanical means, like by shaking the contents, but the components will settle out.
These are HETEROGENOUS mixtures
Suspensions
Flour suspended in water
Sand settling out of water
Colloidal Suspensions
Particles intermediate in size between those found in solutions and suspensions can be mixed such that they remain evenly distributed without settling out.
The mixture they form is called a colloidal dispersion.
Colloidal Examplesmilk
paint
Jell-O
Separation Techniques
Decanting Separates liquid from
solid Centrifugation
Separates substances based on density
Centrifuge spins rapidly and denser substances collect at bottom
Distillation
Distillation Separates mixture
based on different boiling points of the parts
As each part of mixture boils, the gas rises and enters the condenser where the substance becomes a liquid and can be collected
Separation Techniques
Filtration Separate solid from
liquid using a filter
Evaporation Allow solvent to
evaporate, leaving the solute behind
Chromatography
Means “color writing” Separates mixtures
based on attraction Different parts of the
mixture are more attracted to the solvent or the paper
Mixtures are NOT always liquids!
Solid in solid: ex. SAND Solid in liquid: ex. MUDDY WATER or
BLOOD Solid-gas: SMOKE & AIR POLLUTION Liquid in gas: FINE MIST – AEROSOLS Gas in Liquid: SODA Gas in gas: AIR
How does a solution form?
When the solute and solvent are attracted toe ach other with a force greater than the intermolecular forces holding together the pure solute and pure solvent
“like dissolves like” – common phrase really means that substances with similar intermolecular attractive forces will be attracted to each other and most likely will dissolved
Water is the universal solvent…really? Water does dissolve many substances; polar
and ionic substances usually dissolve in water because of the ion-dipole or dipole-dipole interactions.
Hydrated – term used when water is the solvent Solvation – term used to describe when other
substances act as the solvent Salt Dissolving in Water Animation
How much solute dissolves in a given solvent? Solubility refers to the maximum amount of
solute that can dissolve in a given solvent