What is a mutation???
description
Transcript of What is a mutation???
![Page 1: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What is a mutation???
![Page 2: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GENETIC MUTATIONS
MISTAKES IN DNA
![Page 3: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A MISTAKE CAN BE:
1. A point mutation – substitution, addition, or removal of a single DNA base.
2. A frameshift mutation – a point mutation due to an addition or deletion of a DNA base that causes a major change in the genetic code.
![Page 4: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a point mutation - substitution
Val-his-leu-thr-pro-glu-glu
Val-his-leu-thr-pro-val-glu-
![Page 5: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Muscular Dystrophy is caused by a frameshift mutation
![Page 6: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
THE CAT SAW THE DOG
![Page 7: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CHANGE THE W TO A T:
THE CAT SAT THE DOG
CHANGE THE D TO AN H
THE CAT SAW THE HOG
![Page 8: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MAJOR MISSENSE: REMOVE THE “C”
THE ATS AWT HED OGThis type of mutation causes a protein to be non-functional. It is a severe problem and can be lethal.
![Page 9: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
MAJOR MISSENCE: INSERT AN “M” after the first “The”.
THE MCA TSA WTH EDO G
The body cannot make sense out of the incorrect protein, just as the sentence no longer makes sense to you.
![Page 10: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nonsense• When a point mutation codes for a STOP in
the middle of a sequence. Could be due to any of the point mutations.
Nonfunctional dystrophin, the protein that helps attach your skeletal muscle to its surroundings.
![Page 11: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Some mutations involve whole chromosomes:
1. Deletion: A piece of a chromosome is lost because of breakage during cell division
Cri du chat
![Page 12: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Inversion: A piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches backwards.
The effect can be lethal.
![Page 13: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Duplication: A portion of the chromosome is copied and placed
in the same chromosome.
![Page 14: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Translocation: a piece of a chromosomes breaks off and
reattaches to a non-homologous chromosome
![Page 15: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Non-disjunction: A chromosome fails to separate from its
homologue during meiosis
![Page 16: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Turner’s Syndrome:
![Page 17: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Klinefelter’s Syndrome:
![Page 18: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mutations in nature:
![Page 19: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: What is a mutation???](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051402/568166c9550346895ddad6e3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)