What happens to the gravitation force on an object as it gets closer to another object? Agenda for...
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![Page 1: What happens to the gravitation force on an object as it gets closer to another object? Agenda for Monday Nov 10 th 1.Quiz 2.Energy Notes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649ebf5503460f94bcaac9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What happens to the gravitation force on an object as it gets closer
to another object?
Agenda for Monday Nov 10th 1.Quiz2.Energy Notes
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Nature of Energy
• Energy is all around!– Sound– Light– Wind
• Living organisms need energy
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Nature of energy• Energy is involved when– A bird flies– A bomb explodes– Rain falls– Electricity flows through a wire
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Law of Conservation of Energy
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed– It can only be converted from one form to another
• 1905, Albert Einstein said mass and energy can be converted into each other– Matter is destroyed, energy is created and vice
versa– E = mc2
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Nature of energy
• Energy is the ability to do work– If something does work (exerts a force over a
distance) it uses energy
• Direct connection between energy and work– measured in the same unit: Joules (J)
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Forms of Energy
• 5 main categories– Heat– Chemical– Electromagnetic– Nuclear– Mechanical
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1. Heat Energy
• Internal motion of the atoms– Moving particles produce heat
• Heat energy can be produced by friction
• Heat energy causes changes in temp. and phase of any form of matter
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What is the law of conservation of energy?
Agenda for Tuesday Nov 11th 1.Finish notes2.Problems on GE/KE
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2. Chemical Energy
• Energy that is available for release from chemical reactions.
• The chemical bonds in a matchstick store energy that is transformed into thermal energy when the match is struck.
• Fuel and food
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Examples of Chemical Energy
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3. Electromagnetic Energy
• Gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwave and radio bands
• Power lines carry electromagnetic energy in the form of electricity
• Light - each color (ROYGBIV) is a different amount of energy
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4. Nuclear Energy
• Nucleus of an atom is the source of nuclear energy
• SUN– Fission & Fusion
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5. Mechanical Energy• Energy due to a object’s motion
(kinetic) or position (potential)• When work is done to an object, it acquires
energy• When you kick a football, you give mechanical
energy to the football to make it move
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Energy Conversion
• Energy can be changed from one form to another– Changes in the form of energy are called energy
conversions
• All energy forms can be converted to other forms– Sun through solar cells to electricity– Plants take sun energy to sugars (electromagnetic to
chemical)
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States of Energy
• Most common energy conversion is between potential and kinetic energy
• All forms of energy can be in either of 2 states– Potential– Kinetic
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Kinetic Energy
• Kinetic Energy – energy of motion– Depends on mass and velocity– Faster an object moves, more kinetic energy it has– Greater the mass, more kinetic energy it has
• KE – 1/2mv2
• What has a greater affect of kinetic energy, mass or velocity? Why?
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Potential Energy
• Potential energy – stored energy– Fuel, nucleus, food– Stored because of the work done on it:• Stretching a rubber band• Winding a watch• Pulling back on a bow’s arrow• Lifting a brick high in the air
• Energy that is stored due to being stretched or compressed is elastic potential energy
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Gravitational Potential Energy
• Potential energy that is dependent on height– Waterfall– Suspension Bridge– Falling snowflake
• GPE = weight x heightOr• GPE = mgh
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Gravitational Potential Energy
• If you stand on a 3 meter diving board, you have 3 times the GPE than you had on a 1 meter diving board
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Kinetic - Potential Energy Conversions
• Roller Coaster– Mechanical energy brings them to the top– This gives them great potential energy– Conversion between potential to kinetic energy
powers cars through the entire ride
• At the point of max PE, the car has minimum KE
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Kinetic - Potential Energy Conversions
• As a baseball player throws the ball into the air, various energy conversions take place
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Which has more gravitational potential energy: a ball on a 5 m
cliff or a ball on a 10 m cliff? Why?
Agenda for Wednesday Nov 12th 1.Bouncing ball lab
All late work due Wednesday Nov 19th
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Where is the most kinetic energy?Most potential energy?
Agenda for Thursday Nov 13th 1.KE/GPE Problem set
A
D
C
B
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Equations for Energy
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Practice Problems
1. A 800g ball is lifted 20 cm. Calculate the potential energy it gains.
2. A man climbs on to a wall that is 3.6m high and gains 2268J of potential energy. What is the mass of the man?
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1. Determine the kinetic energy of a 625-kg roller coaster car that is moving with a speed of 18.3 m/s.
2. What is the kinetic energy of a 0.50 kg ball travelling at a speed of 120 m/s ?