What conclusions can you draw from this war bond poster?

1. What does the bloody knife represent?

2. Who is the menace of the seas?

3. What kind of propaganda do you see related to Operation Iraqi Freedom (is it as blatant as this from WWI)?

WAR or PEACE: In a short answer format write down a few reasons why you are for or against warfare for any specific reasons. There is no wrong answers and we will discuss this in class:

1. Write in your notes at least 2 reasons why you support/ or do not support warfare for any reason.

“THE WAR TO END ALL WARS”United States History

Chapter 19 Section 1- CAUSES

Militarism- development of armed forces, their use in diplomacy

By 1890, Germany has the strongest army on the European continent

- Competes w/ Britain for sea power

- Leads other powers to join naval

arms race

Triple Entente/ Allies

BRITIAN

FRANCE

RUSSIA

Central Powers

GERMANY

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Germany industrializes, competes with France & Britain for Colonies

Nationalism- devotion to interest, culture of one’s nation

Nationalism leads to competition, antagonism between nations

Many fear Germany’s growing power in Europe

Various ethnic groups resent domination, want independence

Russia sees self as protector of all Slavic peoples

Balkan Peninsula known as the “Powder Keg” because

1. Ethnic rivalries among Balkan peoples

2. Leading powers have economic,

political interest

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophie were shot by Serbian nationalist

- Assassin Gavrilo Princip (member of

the Black Hand)

Austria-Hungary declares war on Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia and expects a “SHORT WAR”Serbia and expects a “SHORT WAR”

Alliance system pulls one nation after Alliance system pulls one nation after another into waranother into war

Trench Warfare- Military operations in which the opposing forces attack and counter attack from systems of fortified ditches rather than on an open battlefield

“No Man’s Land”- a barren expanse of mud pockmarked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire

Front line, Support, and Reserve trenches

“If you have never had trench foot described to you, I will explain. Your feet swell to two to three times their normal

size and go completely dead. You can stick a bayonet into them and not feel a thing. If you are lucky enough not to lose

your feet and the swelling starts to go down, it is then that the most indescribable agony begins. I have heard men cry and scream with pain and many have had to have their feet and legs amputated. I was one of the lucky ones, but one more day in that trench and it may have been too late.” 

(Harry Roberts)

“Whilst asleep during the night, we were frequently awakened by rats running over us. When this happened too often for my liking, I would lie on my back and wait for a rat to linger on my legs; then violently heave my

legs upwards, throwing the rat into the air. Occasionally, I would hear a grunt when the rat landed on a fellow

victim.”  (R L Venables)

U.S. exports to Europe between 1912- 1917 reflected favoritism to the Allied Nations

Submarine warfare and British blockades made it difficult to get supplies into Germany by 1917 Famine in Germany

1917- U.S. Mobilized for war against Central Powers:

- Ensure Allied repayment of debts

- Prevent Germans threat to U.S. shipping

• German U-boats sink the Lusitania (English Cruise Ship); 128 Americans dead- May 7th, 1915

- Unrestricted submarine warfare makes the seas unsafe for all vessels by Germany

ZIMMERMAN NOTE- Telegram from German foreign minister to German ambassador in Mexico- Alliance between Mexico and Germany- January 16th, 1917

- Germany claimed to regain lost Mexican territories of

the U.S.

What were the long term effects that led to European empires engaging in a World War?

What was the name of the Archduke who was assassinated in Sarajevo?

What were the countries of the Allies and the Central Powers?

What was the name of the German battles plan that set up a 2 front war?

What were the 2 major events that led the U.S. into WWI?