What Causes Mental What Causes Mental Illness?Illness?

Environment Environment – Experiences Experiences – Self-esteemSelf-esteem

Physical CausesPhysical Causes– Body chemistryBody chemistry– DiseaseDisease– Toxins and drugsToxins and drugs

Heredity Heredity – GeneticGenetic

Warning Signs Warning Signs

AnxietyAnxiety DepressionDepression Sudden change in mood or Sudden change in mood or

behaviorbehavior Physical complaintsPhysical complaints

– Psychosomatic Psychosomatic Poor performancePoor performance

Classifications of Mental Classifications of Mental DisordersDisorders

NeurosisNeurosis– Anxiety disorders, depression & Anxiety disorders, depression &

phobias phobias – Common and easily treated Common and easily treated

Personality Personality – Dissaociative disordersDissaociative disorders– Not curable Not curable

Psychosis Psychosis – SchizophreniaSchizophrenia– Difficult to function in the real world Difficult to function in the real world

Eating DisordersEating Disorders Behaviors that are the result of deep emotional Behaviors that are the result of deep emotional

problems related to self-image and self-esteemproblems related to self-image and self-esteem ..

Disordered eating as a result of a mental Disordered eating as a result of a mental condition.condition.

Bulimia: Bulimia: – Bingeing on food then purging to avoid weight gainBingeing on food then purging to avoid weight gain

Anorexia Nervosa: Anorexia Nervosa: – Excessive dieting resulting in a state of self-starvationExcessive dieting resulting in a state of self-starvation

Anxiety DisordersAnxiety Disorders

General Anxiety DisorderGeneral Anxiety Disorder: Constant feeling of : Constant feeling of anxiety and fear with physical symptoms like anxiety and fear with physical symptoms like increased heart rate, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, shortness of breath, perspiration, shaking, and diarrheaperspiration, shaking, and diarrhea

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Persistent Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Persistent recurring thoughts accompanied with the need to recurring thoughts accompanied with the need to repeatedly perform some action, such as repeatedly perform some action, such as repeatedly washing one’s hands.repeatedly washing one’s hands.

Anxiety Disorders ContinuedAnxiety Disorders Continued

Panic DisorderPanic Disorder– Intense feelings of terror that occur suddenly Intense feelings of terror that occur suddenly

without causewithout cause

PhobiaPhobia– Persistent fear of something: Hydrophobia (fear Persistent fear of something: Hydrophobia (fear

of water), claustrophobia (fear of small, of water), claustrophobia (fear of small, enclosed spaces), Agoraphobia (fear of public enclosed spaces), Agoraphobia (fear of public places)places)

Dissociative DisordersDissociative Disorders

A person believes that sometimes he or she is A person believes that sometimes he or she is really someone else.really someone else.

AmnesiaAmnesia– Loss of MemoryLoss of Memory

Multiple Personality DisorderMultiple Personality Disorder– Having two or more distinct personalities, which can Having two or more distinct personalities, which can

show different physical conditions and are often the show different physical conditions and are often the exact opposite of each otherexact opposite of each other

Mood DisordersMood Disorders Mood Disorders:Mood Disorders:

– One mood is experienced almost to the exclusion of One mood is experienced almost to the exclusion of other feelingsother feelings

– Usually for a long time and interrupts a person’s ability Usually for a long time and interrupts a person’s ability to complete daily activities. Depression is the most to complete daily activities. Depression is the most common.common.

Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depression)Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depression)– Experiencing exaggerated feelings of euphoria, Experiencing exaggerated feelings of euphoria,

irritability, depression; exaggerated mood swings; irritability, depression; exaggerated mood swings; reckless behaviorreckless behavior

DepressionDepression– Experiencing feelings of sadness, loneliness, and Experiencing feelings of sadness, loneliness, and

hopelessness for an extended period of timehopelessness for an extended period of time

Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders

Traits that negatively affect a person’s ability to get Traits that negatively affect a person’s ability to get along with othersalong with others

AggressionAggression– Behavior that displays an inner conflict between being Behavior that displays an inner conflict between being

dependent and being assertive, which results in erratic dependent and being assertive, which results in erratic moodsmoods

ParanoiaParanoia– Consistent mistrust of others for no reasonConsistent mistrust of others for no reason

Antisocial Personality DisorderAntisocial Personality Disorder– Showing a preference to remain distant from othersShowing a preference to remain distant from others

Other DisordersOther Disorders

Organic DisordersOrganic Disorders– Mental and emotional disorders resulting from a Mental and emotional disorders resulting from a

physical causephysical cause

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia– Impaired perceptions, thinking processes, emotional Impaired perceptions, thinking processes, emotional

health, and physical activityhealth, and physical activity

Hypochondriasis (A Somatoform Disorder)Hypochondriasis (A Somatoform Disorder)– Believing and showing signs of serious illness without Believing and showing signs of serious illness without

any physical causeany physical cause

Seeking HelpSeeking Help

When to seek professional help:When to seek professional help:– Prolonged feeling of depression and hopelessnessProlonged feeling of depression and hopelessness– Feeling that life is out of controlFeeling that life is out of control– The inability to concentrate and make decisionsThe inability to concentrate and make decisions– Difficulty getting along with family and friendsDifficulty getting along with family and friends– Intense fearsIntense fears– Persistent difficulty sleepingPersistent difficulty sleeping– Emotional problems coping with a physical illnessEmotional problems coping with a physical illness– Inability to stop destructive behaviors like drinking, Inability to stop destructive behaviors like drinking,

overeating, and abusing drugsovereating, and abusing drugs

Therapy Therapy Medication Medication Talk Therapy Talk Therapy Group TherapyGroup Therapy Play TherapyPlay Therapy AlternativeAlternative–Relaxation techniques, Relaxation techniques, meditation, music therapy or meditation, music therapy or art therapyart therapy

Professional Careers in Professional Careers in Mental HealthMental Health

Psychiatrist Psychiatrist –Prescribes medicinePrescribes medicine

Psychologist Psychologist –Diagnoses and treatsDiagnoses and treats

Counselors Counselors

People With Healthy People With Healthy Personalities…Personalities…

Are self-disciplinedAre self-disciplined Are trustworthyAre trustworthy Like themselvesLike themselves Are responsible Are responsible Will help othersWill help others

People With Healthy People With Healthy Personalities… Personalities…

Feel valuable Feel valuable Get along well with othersGet along well with others Express emotions in healthful Express emotions in healthful

ways ways Solve problems in a constructive Solve problems in a constructive

mannermanner Have a philosophy and purpose of Have a philosophy and purpose of

life life

OptimismOptimism

Make a list of all the positive things you Make a list of all the positive things you expect will happen to you in the future. Then expect will happen to you in the future. Then list any of the bad things that you think could list any of the bad things that you think could happen in the future as well. Now look at happen in the future as well. Now look at your lists. Have you described more positive your lists. Have you described more positive things or more negative things? How could things or more negative things? How could you revise your lists to look at each negative you revise your lists to look at each negative event with optimism?event with optimism?