Steven Lipton M.Ed. LEHP

President Biotest Services Inc.

Foodborne Infection A foodborne Infection is caused by

bacteria directly causing damage to the human body They must be alive and will require longer periods of time to grow to sufficient numbers to cause illness. The body will require more time to fight this type of illness

Foodborne Intoxication

A foodborne intoxication is caused by wastes (toxins) produced by the bacteria. The bacteria does not have to be alive to cause illness. Some toxins are extremely heat stable and can not be destroyed by cooking. Toxins tend to cause illness rapidly. With a few exceptions, these will be relatively quick illnesses.

Vomiting: Biting off…

Where the Monsters Are

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Stomach

Liver

An Excess of water and loose stools in the Lower GI which is released through the rectum

Water and semi-digested material in the upper GI which is relieved through the mouth by abdominal contractions.

Emesis

Basic Microbiology

Bacilli Cocci Spirilli

MRSA

E. Coli O157:H7Campylobacter

GRAM NEGATIVE GRAM POSITIVE

Peptidoglycan

Lipid Layer

Enterotoxins – toxins that attack the Digestive system

May be either an Exotoxin or Endotoxin

Endotoxins – gram negative Lipopolysacchride (heat stable)

Salmonella -- Lysis of cell Starts an abnormal immune response

Exotoxins –gram positive, gram negative• Protein (Heat Stable or Heat liable)

Exotoxin Types: Type I – acts on the cell surface Type II – membrane damaging Type III - intracellular

Pore forming or AB5 toxins

A

B B

Creates unregulated pore in cell Delivers the toxin payload(A)

Cell

Type III Injectors

Secretory Osmotic Inflammatory

Cells secrete • water • sugar • Electrolytes (NaCl, KCl)

cAMP or gAMP over activated

Secretory

NaCl

Cl-

NaCl

NaCl

NaCl

NaCl-Cl-

Cl-

cAMPH-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

Substances not absorbed by the body attract water in the system

Lactose

Galactose

Liver

GlucoseLactase

Lactose Intolerance

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

Lactase Present Lactase Present

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

Damage to cells, or response to cell damage

Combination of types above

Inflammatory H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-HH-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

Superantigen Pore forming (MRSA)

Immune response

0.001-0.0001%

Immune response

Up to 20%

Not Classified as Diarrhea Blood and Mucus emitted in feces Damage to cells and mucosal linings

Shiga Toxin (verotoxin) AB5 toxin ‘A’ enzyme stops protein synthesis

ETEC (Enterotoxin)• LT & ST • Infective @(108)• Diarrhea w/o fever

EIEC (enteroinvasive)• Invasive• Infective @(106)

EHEC (enterohemmoragic)• O157:H7• Moderately invasive (Type III injector/pedestal)• Shiga toxin producing

EPEC (enteropathogenic)• Moderately invasive, some report of shiga toxin• Infective @(106)

EAEC (enteroaggregative)• Watery diarrhea

Questions? sjlipton@biotestservices.com http://Biotestservices.com

PowerPoint presentation available at http://EHblogger.blogspot.com http://shoestringsanitarian.blogspot.com