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What is

Biotechnology?

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Biotechnology

A wide ranging scientific field

which includes the

manipulation of living

organisms that results in new

products or processes by

that cell.

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How Old Is Biotechnology

?

10,000 BC

Domesticating

Crops

Domesticating Animals

8,000-9,000 BC

6,000 BC

Brewing Beer

4,000 BC

Leavening Bread

1880s

Production of Vaccines

1940s

Production of Antibiotics

1980s Use of genetically modified organisms

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Discovered the Laws Governing

the Genetic Inheritance of Traits

by Scientific Experimentation

Founded Modern Genetics

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How Old is Modern

Biotechnology?

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Genetically Modified Animals

1983 Transgenic Mice 1997 Cloned sheep

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Modern Biotechnology

Molecular Biology- microbiology

- biochemistry

- cell biology

Molecular Genetics

Genetic Engineering: Moving a gene

from one organism to another- chemical engineering

- biomanufacturing

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Genetically Modifying DNA

Integration of Foreign

DNA into Existing DNA

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Gene Manipulation and Introduction in Plant Biotechnology

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Restriction Enzyme

and Ligase

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Examples of Plant Transformations

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Biotechnology Industry

As of December 2003:

There are 1,473 companies & 198,300 employees

300 Biotechnology drug products and vaccines are in clinical trials

Biotechnology foods include papaya, corn and soybeans

Environmental biotechnology used to clean up hazardous spills

Forensic medicine is used for identification by DNA Fingerprinting

Regulated by the FDA

More than 323 million people worldwide have been helped by Biotech

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Fermentation Vessels

in Biomanufacturing Plant

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Biopharmaceuticals Defined

Any biology-based therapeutic that structurally mimics

components found in the body

Includes: recombinant proteins, antibodies, peptides,

antisense nucleotides, therapeutic genes, therapeutic

vaccines

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Biotechnology Applications in

Health and Medicine Protein Pharmaceuticals

Vaccines & Therapeutic Agents

Diagnostics: Protein or DNA Based

Gene Therapy

Stem Cell Research

Cancer Treatment

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Biotech Products in Use

Epogen,neupogen(Amgen)

TPA, Insulin(Genentech)

Interferon Beta

(Biogenidec)

Algucerase

(Genzyme)

Anemia, chemotherapyeffects

Blood clot remover,diabetic treatment

Treatment of Multiple

Sclerosis

Gauchers Disease

lysosomal storage

genetic defect

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Gene Therapy

Insertion of a new healthy gene into the organism toprovide needed (usually) proteins, hormones etc.

Gene is carried into the host by a viralvector that has been disabled

Can provide relief for many genetic diseases

Problems: Jessie Gelsinger, xscid babies

immune responses, and cancer

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Stem Cells

Can be used to replace damaged tissue

Examples: Heart cells, Parkinsons diseaseand Pancreatic cells in Diabetes

Ethical issues and lack of cells to workwith have slowed this research