What are the changes?Why do they happen?

What is the effect?

Change 1: Britain exerts more control!

• The Proclamation of 1763- prevented the colonists from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains.– Protect native land

• Why were the colonists upset by this?– The war started over the

land and the colonists believed they had earned the right to settle there.

Change 2: Britain strictly enforces the rules!

• Navigation Acts- controlled who the colonists traded with. – All goods must go through Britain before being traded

with anyone else.– The colonists turn to smuggling goods

• Writs of assistants- general search warrants– Britain could search the cargo of any ship without cause

• Admiralty courts– Colonists caught smuggling were brought before these

courts where there was no jury and the judges were corrupt.

Change 3: Britain needs money and decides to tax the colonies.

• Sugar Act (1764)- tariff on products containing sugar.– Rum and molasses are the main products taxed– Tariff- tax on imports

• Currency Act- prevented colonists from printing paper money.

• Colonist James Otis wrote that the taxes violated the colonists rights as British citizens.

Change 3: Britain needs money and decides to tax the colonies.

• Stamp Act (1765)-– Direct tax on all paper products (licenses, cards,

newspapers, etc.)– Tax officials must affix the stamp in person.– Tax went to pay for the British troops stationed in

America.• Quartering Act- if the colonists do not pay the

tax then British troops can be stationed in the homes of private citizens.

Colonists respond by…• Calling for “no taxation without”

representation.”• Establishing the Sons of Liberty

– Mob violence on tax officials– Tax officials must affix the stamp in

person.– Tax went to pay for the British

troops stationed in America.

– Tar and Feather, burn homes, etc • The Stamp Act Congress

– Call for non-importation agreements- refuse to buy products from Britain. (Economic Pressure)

– Were these protests effective?

• In 1766 British companies who were hurting because of non-importation urged Parliament to end the Stamp Act.

• Parliament officially repealed the act the same year.

• Why was repealing the act a good thing?• Why was repealing the act a bad thing?

• Townshend Acts – Tax on imported goods• Lead• Paint • tea

– Money from taxes pays for royal governors• Colonists wanted to choose their own governors• Colonists continue to protest

Change 3: Britain needs money and decides to tax the colonies.

• Britain- sends troops to Boston to enforce the Townshend Acts

Change 3: Britain needs money and decides to tax the colonies.

• Colonists- Sons and Daughters of Liberty work to prevent taxes from being collected

• Boycotts continue

BOSTON MASSACRE

• March 5, 1770– Colonists surround

soldiers– Soldiers fire into

crowd– 5 colonists killed

(Crispus Attucks)

Response

• Britain repeals Townshend Acts• Soldiers are put on trial– Only one found guilty

1773:

• Committees of Correspondence– Letters between colonies to keep up resistance to

British taxation policy– Begins in Massachusetts and spreads to other

colonies• Tea Act– Grants a monopoly of the tea trade to the East

India company– A small tax was placed on tea coming into the

colonies

Responses to Tea Act

1. Maryland- 1. Burn ships

2. South Carolina1. Steal ship

3. New York and Pennsylvania1. Refuse to let ships in port

Responses to Tea Act

• Boston, Massachusetts- December 1773– Boston Tea Party• Colonists dress up as Native Americans and dump over 300

chests of tea in the harbor in protest of tea act.

Britain responds to Tea Party by:

• Issuing the Intolerable Acts (Coercive)– Closes port of Boston– Forced Massachusetts to pay for tea destroyed

• Passing the Quebec Act– Gives Canada territory into the Ohio Valley– Recognized their Catholic Faith

Colonists

• Send Aid to Massachusetts• Fly flags at half mast• Call the First Continental Congress to meet in

Philadelphia, PA. (Sept 1775)– 12 of 13 colonies represented– Ask the king and parliament to repeal Intolerable

acts– Call for a complete boycott of British products until

acts are repealed.– Will meet a year later to check success of boycott