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WHAT ARE THECAUSES & CONSEQUENCESOF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS?

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EXTERNAL

INTERNAL

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INTERNAL

• Because of few rules

• Accordingly needs& desires

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Intrinsic motivation

Need for achievement

Political behavior

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SELF DETERMINATION THEORY

Theoretical link between intrinsic motivation and participation in political behavior

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• goal-directed behavior

• positive effect on security

• needs for assure

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

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• attain a high standard for the purpose of excel one’s self

• High need for achievement • need of fulfillment of request success

NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT

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EXTERNAL REASONS

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AMBIGUITY

COMPLEXITY

COMPETITION OVER SCARCE

RESOURCES

POLITICAL

BEHAVIORS

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AMBIGUITY

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AMBIGUITY

UNCERTAINTY

GOAL

REWARD SYSTEM

OUTCOMES

PROCEDURES

Uncertainty is everywhere!

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AMBIGUITY

• Reward system

• Cognitive dissonance

REWARD DISSONANCE

COGNITIVE

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COMPLEXITY

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COMPLEXITY

• Even most ethical ones can

easily betray in complex

and hard situations.

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AMBIGUITY

• Sometimes even managers

do not know how to evaluate employees.

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COMPETITIONOVER SCARCE RESOURCES

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COMPETITION

OVER

SCARCE RESOURCES

• FINITE TIME

• FINITE RESOURCES

• FINITE REWARDS

• FINITE OPPORTUNITIES

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• WIN-AT-ALL-COSTS!

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS

Individual and Organizational

Outcomes

Internal and External Impacts

Internal

and

External

Causes

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS

External Causes

Internal Causes

Impacts of Internal Causes:• Exchange of Favors• Reprisals• Obstructionism• Symbolic Protest

Impacts of External Causes:• Whistle – blowing• Lawsuits• Leaking info

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS

•Expand resources by going outside of organization and attempting to involve outsiders.

•Make top management realized and fulfilled employees’ demand.

Whistle – blowing

&

Leaking Info

•Social set-ups that can be resolved through peaceful discussions and mutual understanding.

Lawsuits

&

Indirect Voice

•Standing against top management by lower level of organizations•L

imited participation in policy-making process,

Obstructionism

Exchange of Favors, Reprisals & Symbolic

Protest

• Utilize resources within the organization

• When comparatively greater positional power

Source: Latif, Abdul, Zain Ul Abideen, and Muhammad Suhail Nazar. “Individual Political Behaviors in Organizational Relationship.” Journal of Politics and Law. Canada: Canadian Centre of Science and Education. March, 2011.

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS

Positive Impacts of Political Behaviors vs. Negative Impacts of Political Behaviors

Flattery to Achieve Individual Goals & Calumniating Others for Individual Benefits

Less Loyalty of Employees &Not Sharing Information and Abilities

Employee Withdrawals & Absenteeism & Loss of Workforce

Less Organizational Efficiency &Less Organizational Performance

More Attention on Tasks &More Individual Efficiency

More Motivation &Higher Performance

Source: Adams, Garry, and Dareen C. Treadway, and Lee P. Stepina. “The Role of Disposition in Politics Perception Formulation: The Predictive Capacity of Negative and Positive Affectivity, Equity Sensitivity, and Self-Efficacy.” Journal of Managerial Issues. 2008.

OUTCOMES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS

- Objective applications,

- Written and certain rules,

- Rational and equitable criteria to evaluate,

- Available communication channels,

- Encourage employees to participate,

- Precautions against backbreaking towards others,

- Psychological supports,

- Awareness of the reality.

WHAT CAN BE DONE TO OVERCOME NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF POLITICAL BEHAVIORS?

Source: Demirel, Yavuz, and Zeliha Seçkin. “Investigating Organizational Political Behaviors: The Case of the Health Sector in Kyrgyzstan”. USAK, 2009.

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APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

• Research was done by Güler İslamoğlu and Deniz Börü – Marmara University

• Aim: Finding most important political behaviors

• Sample Size: 350 people– - Different organizations in İstanbul– - Just applied to voluntaries– - Ages between 23-52– - Approximately 10 years working experience

• Method: Survey

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• Definition was given: Political behavior is• -Not consistent with organization’s norms• -Serving to individual benefits• -Contrary to organization’s goals

• Then, asked;– - 5 important political behaviors

APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

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Top 5 answers:

1-Making concessions and dissembling- Saying something behind one’s back

- Speak well of boss

2-Ingratiating oneself with somebody- Close relationship with top management

3-Forming a coalition- Getting support of others to promote

APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

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APPLIED RESEARCH ABOUT POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

4-Looking after one’s benefits- If you do it for me, I can do more for you.

5-Making up to top management-Attending all the social activities that is arranged by top management

- Wearing according to top manager’s liking