WFD in practice - earbd.bg v praktika-Workshop... · naam presentatie | naam auteur 11 Criteria for...

N ational Institute for Public H ealth and the Environm ent

WFD in practice

naam presentatie | naam auteur 2

Ultimate aim of WFD• No adversive effects on ecosystems

(aquatic/terrestrial);• No adversive effect on water intended to be

used for human consumption• On a price as low as posible;• And this has to be communicated with the

civilian people.


• Achievable• Feasible• Practical• Affordable


Needed:• Much communicatie

Cosequence:• Huge supportive consultative structure


Solution:• Go through the processes as fast as

possible;• Pilots.

It will make clear the bottlenecks and next reduction of difficulties can occur


Conceptual models must be1. Integral2. Implicate surface water, groundwater and

terrestrial ecosystem


Phase 1: First cost effect analysis is being submited toBrussels. Great differences between the localregions. Local regions become aware that theyneed harmonisation (estimation 2009)

Phase 2: harmonisation at national scale has occured and the cost effect analysis is reported nationallyharmonised to Brussels (estimation 2015)

Phase3: harmonisation at international scale has occuredand the cost effect analysis is reportedinternationally harmonised to Brussels (estimation 2021)


Threshhold values and compliance


Stages to establish regionaly differentiated Threshold Values• Criteria for selction of substances• Selection of substances• Method te establish the height of the threshold

value• Establishing the height of the threshold values

differentiated to regions and current national legislation


Criteria for selection of substances• Ground Water Directive: establish threshold values to assess

status of groundwater (consid. 5 + art. 1 of GWD)• Annex V of WFD: status of groundwater linked to dependent

surface waters and terrestrial ecosystems (identified in characterisation, art. 5 WFD)

⇒ establish threshold values for substances representing a risk for dependent surface waters and terrestrial ecosystems

• Threshold values also linked to "human uses" (art. 4, 2b of GWD)

⇒ establish threshold values for substances impairing human use of groundwater (at least drinking water)


Many locationsand more than 1 ground-

Water body?

HumanEstablish Threshold

Value Yes/No? EcologicalCsubst > 0.75 x drinking water standard Charactierization groundwater body

Threshold values perGroundwater body

Threshold ValuesNetherland human

Ecological objectives of groundwater dependentaquatic en terrestrial ecosystems

substances

Threshold ValueNetherland ecological

Local measures or Threshold Values

1 GWB ≥ 2 GWB

Threshold ValueNetherland human >

Threshold ValueNetherland ecological?

Threshold ValuesNetheerland human

Threshold ValueNetherland ecological

no

no

yes

yes


Establish Height of Threshold Values (1)

• Environmental Risk Levels (ERL) - Ecotoxicity (ERL-ecotox)- Secundary Poisoning (ERL-sec.poison)- Human Fish Consumption (ERL-fish.consump)- Drinking Water Abstraction (ERL-drinkw.abstr)

• Min(ERL-ecotox,ERL-sec.poison,ERL-fish.consump,ERL-drinkw.abstr)

Provisional Dutch procedure

Selected Substance



Synthetic SubstancesNegligible Concentration (NC)

Naturally occuring concentrations and nutriëntsMaximum Permisible ConcentrationsMPC= Min(ERL-ecotox,ERL-sec.poison,ERL-fish.consump,ERL-drinkw.abstr)-Water

NC = MPC/100

Background concentration• Use results of the BRIDGE-project• Fraters et al. (1998 - 2005)

MPC = MPA + NBL



Observed concentration• Naturally occuring substances and nutriënts

- Observed concentration > MPC: Bad chemical status- Observed concentration < MPC: Good chemical status

• Synthetic substances - Observed concentration > NC: Bad chemical status- Observed concentration < NC: Good chemical status



Approach is consistent with:• International and National Environmental

Quality Standards for Substances in the Netherlands (INS)

• Technical Soil Protection Committee (TCB)


ERL human

Lowest value

INS guidance –

Tier 1

Refinem

ent–T

ier 2

ERL eco

Naturally occurring substancesTV=ERLlowest=MPC = MPA + NBLgwb

Synthetic substancesTV = ERL = NC = MPC/100

Conc > TV?

Further investigation

is needed (GWDD Art. 4.2(c)(i) and

GWDD Annex III par 2(c))

Compound selection

Verw

eij, Reijnders, 2006

yes

No furtherwork neededno


Draft Guidance Common methodology for the establishment of groundwater threshold values


What are the parameters for qualifying a water body’s chemical status?

All pollutants that characterise groundwater bodies as being at risk of not

meeting WFD environmental objectives

A

B

What are the relevant criteria for the status assessment?Surface water and associated terrestrial ecosystemsLegitimate uses

Assessing the natural background level of each of the relevant

parameter

C

Figure 2: preliminary steps to the identification of groundwater threshold values


Select the relevant criteria

Environmental criteria

Usage criteriaSelection of legitimate uses which’s surface is

significant compared to the whole surface of the GWBSurface waters

and wetlands Drinking water

Industry

Crops

Others…

Identify the lowest criteria’s

value

Deriving a criteria’s value for each of

the relevant criteriaSee §B,C for more details

X2 X3 X4 Xi…

Compare to NBL

If the most stringent value >

NBL

TV = the most stringent value

If the most stringent value <

NBL

TV = NBL + εε to be defined by MS

X1= EQS*AF1/DF1


NBL

Case 1

Most stringent criteria’s value

TV

NBL

TVε to define by MS

Case 2


COMPLIANCE and COMPLIANCE CHECKINGHydro-Geological Analysis of Ecosystem

Conceptual Model

Selection of Wells and Filters that are assumed to be most appropriate to observe Groundwater that affects Aquatic and

Terrestrial Ecosystem

If Observations are available of Groundwater in Filters present at more than one Depth

calculate a Mean from these Observations

Compare this Mean with Threshold Value

If Time Series are available carry out Time Series Analysis withLineair Regression Analysis and Correlation

Cluster Results per Area or Soil/Soil Use Combination


Starting pointDe WFD en GWDD describe for substances relevant in respect to human toxicology andd ecotoxicology that no increasing trends may occur and that concentrations shall not arise above the threshold value


Recept derived from:1. GWDD (conceptual model) and;2. Final Report "The EU Water Framework Directive:

Statistical aspects of the identification of ground-water pollution trends, and aggregation of monitoring results“, december 2001 (stastisticaltreatment).


STATUSGood or poor


Body & stations


X Arithmatic mean (estimation ofspatial mean)

Threshold value

Groundwater body

conc

entra

tion Upper confidence limit

Central limit theorem

NstAMCL NAM /2/1,1 α−−+=


Threshold value

Groundwater body

conc

entra

tion

XWeighed arithmatic mean

Upper confidence limit


Provisional Dutch procedureStatus1. Make an inventory of diffuse anthropogenic activities that can affectthe chemical quality of groundwater in a GWB or a group of GWBs.2. Establish "the effect as " (if the effect cis) an increase ofconcentrations of a parameter for which a threshold value is derived.3. Derive for aech threshold value a conceptual model that shows wherein a GWB (or group of GWBs) and how the concentration of the parameter andto what extent is affected. Express the effect in terms of a number.4. Determine for each part of the GWB the importance for the quality ofwater intended for human consumption and the (ecological) quality ofsurface water. Express the importance in terms of a number.5. Gather per threshold value results from the monitoring of theparameter in groundwater.6. Calculate a weight per result from the monitoring a as product of themodelled effect and the importance. Next calculate the yearly arithmeticmean (AM) and a confidence interval.7. Compare the 95% upper limit of the confidence interval AM (CL95) withthe threshold value.


TRENDDetection of:Increasing trendsTrend reversalDeceasing trends


0

20

40

60

80

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Year

[mg/

l] AM50

Linear trend

Two-sections model


Increase of 30% shall be detected with a power > 90%


Power 90% means that the chance on fals negative trends amounts to 10% (false negative means that the chance that the trend will not be observed while yet the

trend is present)


Provisional Dutch procedureTrend

1. Perform a trend analysis if 95% upper limit of the confidenceinterval (AM CL95) > 75% of the threshold value.2. Determine the trend from the yearly (weighed) arithmetic mean(AM)(see establishment status).3. Determine the trend by applying a regression method on the yearly(weighed) arithmetic mean (AM) (no parameter free method). An increase of30% ought to be discerned with a power > 90%.4. Apply the two-section model for establishing trend reversal.


The procedures shall result to a more detailled descibtion to be implemented in Dutch legilation and form an input for the Dutch input for the guidance on threshold values, status and trends

1 44

grondsoortveenzandzeekleirivierkleioudekleileem/lossmoerige

Soil types from soil map

1 45

grondgebruikgras-maïstuinbouwakkerbouwnatuurwaterbebouwd

Soil use (LGN3, 1997).

1 46

eco-districten

1 : krijt2 : lossgebied3 : stuwwallencomplex4 : holter en lemelerberg5 : keileemplateau6 : pleistocene opduikingen7 : overige keileem Overijssel8 : Peelhorst9 : rivier terrassen10: zuidwestelijk zandgebied11: oostnederlands dekzandgebied12: glaciaal bekken13: puinwaaier landschap14: hoogveenlandschap15: beekdalcomplexen16: centrale slenk16: kalkrijke duinen17: duinen18: strandwallen19: rivierengebied20: indijkingen21: zeekleigebied22: laagveengebied23: droogmakerijen24: polders25: deltagebieden26: verzoete zeearm

3 34 4

4

4

5

6 6

6

7

7

8

9

10

1112 13

14

16

Eco-districts (Klijn, 1988).

1 47

eco-districtgroepen

1 : krijtgebied, lossgebied in Zuid-Limburg2 : Peelhorst en rivierterrassen langs de Maas3 : zuidwestelijk zandgebied4 : Centrale Slenk5 : Utrechtse Heuvelrug en Veluwe6 : keileemgebieden7 : oostelijk zandgebied en verspr. stuwwallen8 : Gelderse Vallei en Veluewzoom9 : hoogveengebied10: beekdalcomplexen11: rivierengebied12: zeekleigebied13: polders en droogmakerijen14: laagveengebieden15: duinen&strandwallen

1

2

2

3 4

5 5

6

6

6

6 6

6

7

7

7

88

9

10

10

10

Eco-district groups (aggregation of eco-districts

1 48

Eco-regio's1 : Krijtgebied, lossgebied2 : zandgebieden3 : ,,4 : ,,5 : ,,6 : ,,7 : ,,8 : ,,9 : ,,10: ,,11: rivierengebied12: laagveen- en zeekleigebied13: ,, ,,14: ,, ,,15: duinen en strandwallen

Aggregation of eco-districts to eco-regions

1 49

hoofdindeling Nederlandzuid midden noord west

Aggrgation of eco-districts to north, middle, west and south of Netherlands

1 50

%40 - 10035 - 4030 - 3525 - 3020 - 2515 - 2010 - 155 - 100 - 5

As Pb Cr

Ni Cd Zn

Cu

Percentage surface with groundwater under it with concentrations above target value (VROM) of seven trace elements at a level of 10 m – groundwater level in 2000.


Bulgarian Situation


Very. very complicated geohydrological


Thermal water(> 30 oC)In porous aquifers

Groundwater in porous aquifers

upward and downward flow systemsupward and downward flow systemsupward and downward flow systemsupward and downward flow systems

fissured fissured rocksrocks

porous aquifers with local importance

porous aquifers with local importance

2

mixed aquifers in mountainsexcept karst

mixed aquifersin mountainsporous aquifers in basins

subsurface catchment areassubsurface catchment areas

cold karst

thermalkarst-

(> 30 oC)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

3


Conc.

Depth

Fe

50-100 m


Body & stations


QuanTitative Monitoring programme Groundwater, intended for reporting to the EU

Data flow has to be authorized and optimized preferrably by webbased application data input and transfer.

2 + 2Quaternair1At risk

--Potentially at risk

6213130 + 41 + 211

1. Neogene-Quaternair - 162. Neogene - 33. Paleogene- Neogene - 94. Cretacious - 35. Triassic - 56. Protozoic - 11

47Not at riskQuantitative

Number of Observation Wells

Subdivision to Geological ageTotal Number of GWB

StatusCatagory


191

1. Neogene-Quaternair - 64. Cretacious - 1

7At risk

-Potentially at risk

2262---

1. Neogene-Quaternair - 112 .Neogene - 33. Paleogene- Neogene - 94. Cretacious - 25. Triassic - 56. Protozoic - 11

41Not at riskQualitative

Number of Observation Wells

Subdivision to Geological ageTotal Number of GWB

StatusCatagory

QuanLitative Monitoring programme Groundwater, intended for reporting to the EU


1Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr3+,Cr6+

springs2 – 4O2,pH,Eh,NO3, NH4, Temp, Po,Ca+Mg, Ca, Mg, Cl,Na,K, SO4, HCO3,CO3, Fe

Protozoic

-Triassic

-Cretacious1Pb, Cu, Zn

604O2,pH,Eh,NO3, NH4, Temp, Po,Ca+Mg, Ca, Mg, Cl,Na,K, SO4, HCO3,CO3, NO2, PO4, Fe

Paleogene-Neogene

1Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr3+, Cr6+

13 - 304O2,pH,Eh,NO3, NH4, Temp, Po,Ca+Mg, Ca, Mg, Cl,Na,K, SO4, HCO3,CO3

Neogene

1Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr3+, Cr6+,α-total, β-total, Trichloretilen, Tetrachloretilen

3 - 484RO2,pH,Eh,NO3, NH4, TEMP, Po,Ca+Mg, Ca, Mg, Cl,Na,K, SO4, HCO3,CO3, Fe, Mn

Neogene-Quaternary

1Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr3+, Cr6+,α-total, β-total, Trichloretilen, Tetrachloretilen

3 - 484O2,pH,Eh,NO3, NH4, Temp, Po,Ca+Mg, Ca, Mg, Cl,Na,K, SO4, HCO3,CO3, Fe, Mn

QuaternaryNot at risk

Sampling depth (m-surface level)

Sampling Frequency/yr

ParametersGeological periodStatus

Surveillance Monitoring, intended for reporting to the EU


Surveillance Monitoring, intended for reporting to the EU

-Protozoic

-Triassic

-Cretacious

-Paleogene- Neogene

-Neogene

1Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr3+, Cr6+,α-total, β-total, Trichloretilen, Tetrachloretilen, Biocides

7,10 - 604O2,pH,Eh,NO3, NH4, Temp, Po,Ca+Mg, Ca, Mg, Cl, Na, K,SO4, HCO3,CO3, NO2, PO4, Fe, Mn

Neogene-QuaternaryAt risk

-Protozoic

-Triassic

-Cretacious

-Paleogene- Neogene

-Neogene

-Neogene-QuaternaryPotentially at risk


Operational Monitoring, intended for reporting to the EU

-Protozoic

-Triassic

drainage4Po, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr3+, Cr6+

Cretacious

-Paleogene- Neogene

-Neogene

4Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr3+, Cr6+

7,10 - 454NO3,NH4,Po,Ca+Mg, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4, NO2, PO4, Fe

Neogene-QuaternaryAt risk

Sampling depth (m-surface level)

Sampling Frequency/yr

ParametersGeological periodStatus

WFD in practice - earbd.bg v praktika-Workshop... · naam presentatie | naam auteur 11 Criteria for...

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