Wet Riser Hydraulic Calculation

8/9/2019 Wet Riser Hydraulic Calculation

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Hydraulic Calculation ofWet and Dry Risers, Hoses

and Branches


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Hydraulic Calculation of Wet and Dry Risers, Hoses

and BranchesFire Research Technical Report 4/2005


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The ndings and recommendations in this report are those of the consultant authonecessarily represent the views or proposed policies of the Ofce of the Deputy P

Following the reorganisation of the government in May 2002, the responsibilities of the foEnvironment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) and latterly Department for Transport, LoRegions (DTLR) in this area were transferred to the Ofce of the Deputy Prime Minister.

The Ofce of the Deputy Prime Minister Eland HouseBressenden PlaceLondon SW1E 5DUTelephone 020 7944 4400

Web site www.odpm.gov.uk

© Queen’s Printer and Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Ofce, 2004

Copyright in the typographical arrangement rests with the Crown.

This document/publication is value added. If you wish to re-use this material, please apply Licence for value added material at www.hmso.gov.uk/copyright/licences/valueadded/valad Alternatively applications can be sent to:

HMSO’s Licensing Division St Clements House 2-16 Colegate Norwich NR3 1BQ Fax: 01603 723000 E-mail: [email protected]

Further copies of this publication are available from:ODPM PublicationsPO Box 236

Wetherby West Yorkshire


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Executive Summary This project is being undertaken in response to a request from ODPM Fire Statistics andResearch Division (FSRD) to undertake a number of hydraulic calculations on wet and drisers in high rise buildings.

This report provides results of sample calculations using a BRE software package “Riser to calculate water ows in wet and dry risers.

The report describes the assumptions made to undertake the calculations and details theresults obtained for the specic conditions requested in the contract proposal, “Fireghtinbuildings hydraulic calculation in wet and dry risers, hoses and branches”.


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Contents

1 Introduction

2 Background

3 Assumptions and Data used for calculations 1

3.1 Elements used in the calculations3.1.1 Water supplies

3.1.2 Connection details between the pump and the riser

3.1.3 Riser inlet connection (breeching)

3.1.4 Riser pipe size

3.1.5 Fitting friction losses for ttings and pipes3.1.6 Landing valves

3.1.7 Hose

3.1.8 Branches

3.1.9 Pump characteristics

3.1.10 Schematic of installation used for calculations4 Calculation results

4.1 Proposal Appendix A; Item 1








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5 Observations

5.1 Hose connections to riser outlets on oors beneath the oor o

5.2 Riser ttings

5.3 Branch k factors

5.4 Choice of branch

5.5 Hose

5.6 Pump performance

5.7 Considerations for the design, installation and use of rising m

5.7.1 Pressure strength of rising main hoses, pipework an

5.7.2 Pressure relief of rising mains

5.7.3 Riser staging stop valves

5.7.4 Monitoring of riser stop valves

5.7.5 Fire brigade access to riser valve monitoring

5.7.6 Pressure at wet riser outlets

5.7.7 Water priming of dry-risers

5.7.8 Riser outlet pressure regulation

5.7.9 Design of wet and dry risers

6 References

Appendix A – Calculation results in numeric form

Appendix B – Typical equivalent lengths of ttings and valves

Appendix C – Pump performance curves – Godiva WT30/10

Appendix D – Pump performance curves – HFS-3000 Submersible pump

Contents


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2 Background Wet or dry riser systems are terminal pipe conguration systems installed BS 5306: Part 1. The pipework is a series congured pipe array consisting

1. Pump or water supply;

2. Hose from pump to dry riser inlet (the pump outlet may not be at thas the riser inlet);

3. Riser inlet ttings, pipework and bend(s) to base of riser;

4. The riser;

5. Riser outlet and ttings (on wet risers BS 5306: Part 1, Clause 9.4.4pressure to 4 bar minimum, 5 bar maximum at ows of at least 150

6. Hose line(s) from riser outlet to branch connection; and

7. Branch.

Figure 1 shows a typical dry riser arrangement.

Riser

Branch

Hose

HTo B

HTo Riser outlet


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To predict the pressures and water ows from a branch accurately, detailed information is

required about the system and components, such as:

1. The water supply characteristic;

2. Pipe tting details;

3. Pipe size details such as pipe specication, pipe length (m), pipe diameter (mm);

change in elevation between inlet and outlet (m); and friction losses through the piat ow;

4. Flexible hose details such as length (m), hose diameter (mm), change in elevationbetween inlet and outlet and end ttings (m), (characteristics may vary betweendifferent products of the same nominal diameter) and friction losses through the hounder ow conditions (the friction losses may also vary due to pressure);

5. Branch performance characteristics such as nozzle entry pressure (bar) and ow (dm 3 /min) over the operating pressure range of the branch or the branch k factor (paragraph 3.1.8 for an explanation of k factor).


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3 Assumptions and Data used for calculations

3.1 Elements used in the calculations

3.1.1 Water supplies

The pump used for calculation purposes is a Godiva WT30/10 (LP stage), BS EN 1028-1,2 unless otherwise stated. Zero suction lift has been assumeSee Appendix C.

NOTE. Where pumps draw directly from a town main, providing the townpump demand, there will be a positive supply pressure advantage, dependipressure at the pump inlet.

3.1.2 Connection details between the pump and the riser

It has been assumed that the connection between the pump and the riser co2 × 70 mm Nominal Diameter (ND) hoses each of 25 m length. The changbetween the pump outlet and riser inlet has been taken as (zero) 0 m.

3.1.3 Riser inlet connection (breeching)

Each inlet connection complying with BS 5041-3 3 is required to be tnon-return valve(s) (see BS 5041-3; Clause 7.3) and will therefore have a exceeds that for straight pipe under ow conditions. No friction loss informprovided by suppliers of inlet connections. (It may be that the friction lossderived during the development of the product, but are not readily availablsupplying companies). A friction loss equivalent to a single mushroom typhas therefore been assumed down-stream of the inlet connection.

3.1.4 Riser pipe size


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3.1.6 Landing valves

No friction loss information has been forthcoming from suppliers for landing valves. Thefriction loss equivalent to a “straightway” gate valve has therefore been used.

3.1.7 Hose

Hose diameters of 45, 51 and 70 mm have been included. A calculation method and valuhas been developed for each of the hose sizes that agree closely with one of the UK majohose suppliers’ hydraulic calculation programme.

3.1.8 Branches

The water ow through the branches may be calculated using the equation:

Q = k√ –– P

Where

Q = ow rate through the branch (dm 3 /min) P = pressure at the entry to the branch (bar) k = nozzle constant

The following branches were selected to represent the range of branches available:

The k factors attributed to the branches are based on performance data made available byODPM and data published in Jet/Spray Branches Data sheets. 6 The available data ithe k factors of branches are not always a constant, some branches varying more than othThe amount that the k factor varies will be dependent on a number of factors such as bore

SRDB Code No Details

46 Angloco Ltd – Rosenbauer R.B. 201

53 Walter Frank and Sons – Elkhart chief 4000 -3

45 Angloco Ltd – Rosenbauer R.B. 102

Assumptions a


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3.1.9 Pump characteristics

Where a re appliance pump complying with BS EN 1028-1 has been speperformance of a Godiva WT30/10 (LP stage) has been used, see Append

3.1.10 Schematic of installation used for calculations

Where dry-riser calculations have been carried-out, the arrangement in Figused.

Hydraulic calculation of wet and dry risers, hoses and branches

1

2 3 45

6

89

10 11

12

7

Fi 2 S h i f i ll i di i d d f l l i

1. Godiva pump WT30/10 LP or LP stage;2. Two hoses in parallel each 70 mm ND × 25 m long;3. Riser inlet (no loss);4. Non return valve (mushroom pattern);5. Pipe (riser inlet to riser), 100 mm ND × 10 m long, (no change in elevation);6. Elbow (screwed), 100 mm ND;7. Riser pipe, 100 mm ND × Height (variable);8. Tee (screwed), 100 mm ND;9. Pipe (riser to riser landing valve) 100 mm ND × 10 m long, no change in elevation

10. Gate valve, 100 mm ND;11. Landing valve (no loss);12. Hose 70mm, 51 mm or 45 mm ND, hose length variable 3 × 25 m or 4 × 2513. Branches SRDB 46, 53 or 45. 2


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4 Calculation resultsThe results follow the same order as Framework Research Proposal, “Fireghting in builhydraulic calculation in wet and dry risers, hoses and branches”, Appendix A – Specicconditions to be evaluated in hydraulic calculations. The Proposal Appendix item is inserin italic preceding the results.

It should be noted the following calculations include theoretical maxima based on possibpump performance. These can exceed the pressures to which riser pipework is currently designed and tested (BS 5306-1: 1976).


The maximum pressures achievable at outlets of a reghting rising main complying to

BS 5306:Part 1:1976 when supplied with a BS EN 1028-1 specication re appliance pumThis pressure to be calculated at outlet levels of oors one to eighteen with a notional stor

height of 3.5 m.

The maximum pressures at the outlet have been calculated for two conditions:

(a) closed valve pressures (zero ow); and

(b) owing pressure with Branch SRBD No 53

The calculations for the ow through the branch, assume the branch is directly connectedthe outlet. The pressure riser outlet height results are shown graphically in Figure 3 and thnumeric data are provided in Appendix A, Table A.1 of this report.

42

49

56

63

12

14

16

18

–

m

WT30/10 closWT30/10 flow15 Bar inlet p10 Bar inlet p7 Bar inlet pre


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The maximum pressures available at a reghting branch when supplied w of British Standard BS 6391:1983, 45 mm, 51 mm and 70 mm hose using t outlet pressures calculated in 1, with the reghting branch operating on thlevel.

The maximum pressure will vary depending on the ow generated by the bthe end of the hose. The pressure ow calculations have therefore been cacase specied using Branches SRDB No’s 46 (k factor 80), 53 (k factor 23330). The riser heights vs. branch pressure results are shown graphically inThe data are provided in numeric form in Appendix A, Tables A.2.1, A.2.2

The details of the assumptions made on which the calculations are based a Appendix A, Tables A.2.1, A.2.2 and A.2.3.


2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

0

7

14

21

28

35

42

49

56

63

B r a n c

h e l e v a t

i o n –

m

Branch pressure – Bar

Branch 46 (kBranch 53 (kBranch 45 (k


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2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

7

14

21

28

35

42

49

56

63

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

B r a n c

h e l e v a t

i o n –

m


Branch 46 (k = 80)Branch 53 (k = 230)Branch 45 (k = 330)

B r a n c h

f l o o r

l e v e

l

Figure 5. Maximum branch pressures with 3 lengths of 51 mm hose

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

7

14

21

28

35

42

49

56

63

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

70 mm

B r a n c

h e l e v a t

i o n –

m

Branch 46 (k = 80)Branch 53 (k = 230)Branch 45 (k = 330)

h


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outlets, due to a shorter equivalent length of 3.5 m of 100 mm pipe. The d

numeric form in Appendix A, Table A.3.

The details of the assumptions made on which the calculations are based a Appendix A, Table A.3.

4.4 Proposal Appendix A; Item 4The maximum elevation of rising main outlet which if supplied by a BS EN


2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

7

14

21

28

35

42

49

56

63

B r a n c

h e l e v a t

i o n –

m


Hose 70 mm: B

Hose 70 mm: BHose 51 mm: BHose 51 mm: BHose 45 mm: BHose 45 mm: B

{{{

Figure 7. Maximum Branch No 53 (k = 230) pressure with 4 × 25 m lengths of hose connec3.5 m and 7.0 m above the outlet


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4.5 Proposal Appendix A; Item 5The maximum elevation of rising main outlet which if supplied by a BS EN 1028-1

specication re appliance pump is capable to delivering 4 bars pressure at a reghting branch when supplied through four lengths of British standard BS 6391:1983 45 mm, 51 m

and 70 mm hose connected to the riser outlet, with the reghting branch operating a) one oor higher than the rising main outlet, b) two oors higher than the rising main outlet. Assume a notional storey height of 3.5 m.

The results of the calculations are shown graphically in Figure 9 and the data are providenumeric form in Appendix A, Table A.5. Two sets of calculation were undertaken for foulengths of 25 m hose, with the branch 3.5 m and 7.0 m above the riser outlet. Both calcusets were very similar and can be represented by one graph and numeric data set.

The details of the assumptions made on which the calculations are based are given in

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B r a n c

h N o

5 3 , k

= 2 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

5 3 , k

= 2 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 6 , k

= 8 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 6 , k

= 8 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 5 , k

= 3 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 5 , k

= 3 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 5 , k

= 3 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

5 3 , k

= 2 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 6 , k

= 8 0

B r a n c

h e l e v a t

i o n –

m

Hose and Branch selection

70 mm Hose51 mm Hose45 mm Hose

Figure 8. Maximum branch elevation for a branch pressure of 4 bar 3 × 25 m hose lengths


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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B r a n c

h N o

5 3 , k

= 2 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 6 , k

= 8 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 6 , k

= 8 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 5 , k

= 3 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 5 , k

= 3 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

5 3 , k

= 2 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 6 , k

= 8 0

B r a n c

h e l e v a t

i o n –

m

Hose and Branch selection

Figure 9. Maximum branch elevation for a branch pressure of 4 bar 4 × 25 m hose length

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B r a n c

h N o

4 5 , k

= 3 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

5 3 , k

= 2 3 0

B r a n c

h N o

4 6 , k

= 8 0

B r a n c

h e l e v a t

i o n –

m

d h l

45


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The maximum elevation of rising main outlet which if supplied by a BS EN 1028-1 specication re appliance pump is capable to delivering 2 bars pressure at a reghting branch when supplied through four lengths of British standard BS 6391:1983 45 mm, 51 m

and 70 mm hose connected to the riser outlet, with the reghting branch operating a) one oor higher than the rising main outlet, b) two oors higher than the rising main outlet. Assume a notional storey height of 3.5m.

The results of the calculations are shown graphically in Figure 11 and the data are providnumeric form in Appendix A, Table A.7. The results for the branch one and two oors abthe branch outlets were similar values. Only one set of data have therefore been plotted.

The details of the assumptions made on which the calculations are based are given in Appendix A, Table A.7.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

M a x

i m u m r i s e r o u

t l e t e l e v a

t i o n –

m

Branch 46Branch 53

45 mm ND Hose51 mm ND hose70 mm ND Hose

Branch 45

Figure 11 Maximum riser outlet height for a 2 bar branch pressure

H d li l l i f d d i h d b h


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The calculations have been carried out at the minimum pressure (4 bar) an

pressure (5 bar), which are specied wet riser outlet pressure limits.

The details of the assumptions made on which the calculations are based a Appendix A, Table A.8.


The maximum pressures available at a reghting branch when supplied w of British standard BS 6391:1983 45 mm, 51 mm and 70 mm hose using th standard of outlet pressures and pump performance in BS 5306 clause 9.4.4branch is taken to be operating a) one oor higher than the rising main outl

higher than the rising main outlet. Assume a notional storey height of 3.5 m

The results of the calculations are for 4 bar outlet pressures shown graphic


10 2 3 4 5

k = 80

k = 80

k = 230

k = 230

k = 330

k = 330

k = 330

k = 230

k = 80

45 mm hose/Branch 4545 mm hose/Branch 53

45 mm hose/Branch 46








Su

Figure 12. Maximum branch pressures for BS 5306: Part 1 (Clause 9.4.4) supply


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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

1

2

3

4

5

6

B r a n c

h p r e s s u r e –

b a r

Height difference between Branch and riser outlet – m

70 mm hose, Branch 46 70 mm hose, Branch 53 70 mm hose, Branch 45

Figure 13. Maximum branch pressures vs. height difference between branch and riser outlet, 4 bar riser outlet pressure,70 mm hose

NOTES1. For 0 m branch/outlet height difference, 3 × 25 m of 70 mm ND hose (item 8)2. For 3.5 and 7 m branch/outlet height difference, 4 × 25 m 70 mm ND hose3. For 5 bar riser outlet pressure values see Appendix A, Table A.9.1

2

3

4

5

6

B r a n c


b a r

51 mm hose, Branch 46 51 mm hose, Branch 53 51 mm hose, Branch 45

Hydraulic calculation of wet and dry risers hoses and branches


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Calculation of the maximum elevations where 2 bars pressure is available abranch when supplied through British Standard 45 mm, 51 mm and 70 mm

to a BS EN 1028-1 specication re appliance pump.

The maximum branch elevations are shown graphically in Figures 17, 18 adata is given in Appendix A Tables A.10.1, A10.2 and A10.3. The assumpcalculations are based are given in Appendix A.10.


0 1 2 3 4 5

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

B r a n c


b a r

Height difference between Branch and riser outlet

45 mm hose, 45 mm hose, 45 mm hose,

Figure 15. Maximum branch pressures vs. height difference between branch and riser outlet, 4 bar ris

45 mm hose

NOTES1. For 0 m branch/outlet height difference, 3 × 25 m of 45 mm ND hose (Item 8)2. For 3.5 and 7 m branch/outlet height difference, 4 × 25 m 45 mm ND hose3. For 5 bar riser outlet pressure values see Appendix A, Table A.9.3


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6 8 10 12 14 16 180

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B r a n c h

e l e v a t

i o n –

m

Pump outlet pressure–

Bar

Hose 70mm ND × 25 m Lengths 4 Bar @ Branch 46 4 Bar @ Branch 53 4 Bar @ Branch 45 2 Bar @ Branch 46 2 Bar @ Branch 53 2 Bar @ Branch 45

Figure 17. Maximum branch elevations vs. Pump outlet pressure for 70 mm hose

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B r a n c

h e l e v a t

i o n –

m

Hose 51mm ND × 25 m Lengths

4 Bar @ Branch 46 4 Bar @ Branch 53 4 Bar @ Branch 45 2 Bar @ Branch 46 2 Bar @ Branch 53 2 Bar @ Branch 45



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Calculation of the maximum elevations where 4 bars pressure is available abranch when supplied through British Standard 45 mm, 51 mm and 70 mmto a BS EN 1028-1 specication re appliance pump.

The maximum branch elevations are shown graphically in Figures 17, 18 adata is given in Appendix A, Tables A.11.1, A11.2 and A11.3.


Calculation of the maximum elevations where 2 bars pressure is available abranch when supplied through British standard 45 mm, 51 mm and 70 mm

y y ,

6 8 10 12 14 160

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B r a n c h

e l e v a t

i o n –

m

Pump outlet pressure – Bar

Hose 45mm ND×

25 m Lengths 4 Bar @ Branch 46 4 Bar @ Branch 53 4 Bar @ Branch 45 2 Bar @ Branch 46 2 Bar @ Branch 53 2 Bar @ Branch 45

Figure 19. Maximum branch elevations vs. Pump outlet pressure for 45 mm hose


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Calculation of the maximum elevations where 4 bars pressure is available at a reghtingbranch when supplied through British standard 45 mm, 51 mm and 70 mm hose connecte

to a High pressure pump – specication to be supplied.

The pump performance curve for the HFS 3000 submersible pump at 2100 l/min was usedetermine the maximum branch elevation for 4 bar pressure. The numerical data is given

Appendix A, Table A.13.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

B r a n c h e l e v a t

i o n –

m

Hose and branch selection

Branch No 53, k = 230 70 mm Hose 51 mm Hose 45 mm Hose

Figure 20. Maximum branch elevation for a branch pressure of 2 bar

100

120

140

160

–

mBranch No 53, k = 230


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5 Observations

5.1 Hose connections to riser outlets on oors beneath oor of use

The calculations show the branch pressure differences between connectingriser outlet on the oor of use compared to a connection one or two oors

signicant, providing the total hose length remains constant. If a greater horequired when connecting at a oor lower than the point of use, this will rpressure losses.

The pressure losses when connecting to a wet riser, below the oor of use,signicant due to the regulated pressure at the riser outlet.

5.2 Riser ttings

Suppliers of riser ttings should be encouraged to provide pressure loss datests) for items such as inlet breechings, outlet connections and any other pressure losses may be signicant

5.3 Branch k factorsThe data provided to the project indicates that branch k factors vary considbranches have throttles controls, the k factors may vary over the operatingTo undertake pressure ow calculations on dry risers it has been necessaryspecic pressure/ow characteristics (k factors) to the branches used. Cautexercised when calculating specic scenarios to make sure that not only a

selected, but that the k factor for an appropriate setting is used. Branch supencouraged to supply the appropriate branch performance information to cevaluation accurately.

A specication for the evaluation of branch performance may be desirable


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5.5 Hose

The inuence of hose size on pressure losses decreases with diminishing branch k factor. Where it is essential to use branches with a high k factor this may require larger hose siz when working at height or where long lengths of hose are required.

5.6 Pump performance

The Godiva WT30/10 pump is capable of yielding greater pressures (at the pump outlet) closed system conditions (16.6 bar) and for ows generated by any one branch and hosecombination (16.6 bar) than the riser pipework is designed and tested to (10 bar).

The HFS-3000 standard and HiFlow impeller arrangements yield lower pressures and greows than the Godiva WT30/10 pump. The decline in the HFS-3000 pressure ow curvemore gradual, but this would only be of benet if higher ow rates were required at relat

low elevations The standard impeller delivered higher pressures at closed system conditioand owing conditions (14.2 bar) than the riser pipework is designed and tested to. TheHiFlow impeller delivered a maximum of about 10.2 bar and therefore would not exceedcurrent design limitations of the riser pipework.

5.7 Considerations for the design, installation and use of rising

mains

5.7.1 Pressure strength of rising main hoses, pipework and ttings

In order to take full advantage of the capability of the pumping appliances, the rising maihoses (inlet), pipework and ttings should be rated to an appropriate potential workingpressure.

5.7.2 Pressure relief of rising mains

Where pumping capacity exceeds the maximum working pressure of the riser consideratishould be given to appropriately located pressure relief device or alternatively over pressl d h l h



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5.7.4 Monitoring of riser stop valves

Any normally open stop valves which may interrupt ow of water throughelectrically monitored and the condition transmitted to a permanently man

5.7.5 Fire brigade access to riser valve monitoring

Fire brigade access to riser stop valve condition monitoring should preferaa data relay connection (for a PC with appropriate software) or alternative

the riser inlet connection. Consideration should also be given to accessing smoke ventilation and sprinkler installation data, through any riser inlet da

5.7.6 Pressure at wet riser outlets

Current practice limits the wet riser outlet pressure appropriate for hose anthe riser outlet oor. Consideration should be given to designing wet risers

assumption that the hose connections will be made to the riser below the appropriate, re brigade practice should be changed to reect such an instachange.

5.7.7 Water priming of dry-risers

Where there is no risk of freezing, consideration should be given to perma

risers with water at an appropriate standing pressure. Water primed risers ceither by a low-ow feed from a header tank at the top of the riser or by asized jockey pump at the base. Loss of water would indicate that integrity impaired. Priming the riser with water would:

reduce the ll time and water volume required to bring the riser into

reduce the volume of air to be expelled; and

allow continuous riser condition monitoring.

The volumes of 63 m high 100 mm ND and 150 mm ND risers would be


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which may be carried as part of the hose and branch kit. Such devices could be tested ancalibrated regularly.

5.7.9 Design of wet and dry risers

The requirements of BS 5306:Part 1 are basically sound and pipe sizing practices shouldlosses in the risers to comparatively low levels. There are however a number of unknownsuch as friction losses through ttings. Consideration should be given to designing wet andry risers by hydraulic calculation, based on specied performance requirements. At leasriser pipework designs should be checked by calculation to establish tness for purpose.



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6 References1. BS 5306: Part 1: 1976 – Fire Extinguishing installations and equipmen

Hydrant systems, hose reels and foam inlets. (Formerly CP 402.101)

2. BS EN 1028-1 – Fire-ghting pumps. Fire-ghting centrifugal pumps wClassication. General and safety requirements.

3. BS 5041 – Fire hydrant systems equipment. Specication for landing v

4. BS 1387: 1985 (1990) Specication for screwed and socketed steel tubfor plain end steel tubes suitable for welding or for screwing to BS 21

5. BS 5306: Part 2: 1990 – Fire Extinguishing installations and equipmenSpecication for sprinkler installations.

6. Jet/Spray branches data sheets Part 1 and 2; Central Fire Brigades AdvEngland and Wales; Scottish Central Fire Brigades Advisory Council.


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Appendix A – Calculation results innumeric form

Appendix A.1: Proposal Appendix A; Item 1

The maximum pressures achievable at outlets of a reghting rising main complying to B 5306:Part 1:1976 when supplied with a BS EN 1028-1 specication re appliance pump. T

pressure to be calculated at outlet levels of oors one to eighteen with a notional storey height of 3.5m.

Table A1. Maximum pressure achievable at riser outlets

Inlet pressures – Bar

16.6 (1) 16.6 (1) 15 (2) 10 (2)

Outlet Outlet Pressures (P) and ows (Q)HeightP Q P Q P Q P Q

m Bar l/min Bar l/min Bar l/min Bar l/min Bar

63 10.3 0 9.15 696 7.78 642 3.36 422 0.71

59.5 10.65 0 9.46 707 8.1 655 3.66 440 1.02

56 11 0 9.77 719 8.41 667 3.97 458 1.32

52.5 11.35 0 10.1 731 8.72 679 4.28 476 1.62

49 11.7 0 10.4 742 9.04 692 4.59 493 1.93

45.5 12.05 0 10.71 753 9.35 703 4.9 509 2.24

42 12.4 0 11.03 764 9.67 715 5.21 525 2.54

38.5 12.75 0 11.34 775 9.98 727 5.52 540 2.85

35 13.1 0 11.66 785 10.3 738 5.83 555 3.16

31.5 13.45 0 11.97 796 10.62 750 6.15 570 3.47

28 13.8 0 12.29 806 10.94 761 6.49 586 3.78

24.5 14.15 0 12.61 817 11.26 772 6.77 598 4.09

21 14.5 0 12.92 827 11.57 782 7.09 612 4.4

17.5 14.85 0 13.24 837 11.89 793 7.4 626 4.71


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Cal


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Table A.2.2 Branch pressures vs. outlet heights for 51 mm BS 6391 Hose of 3 × 25 lengths

Branch SRDB No, (k factor)46 (80) 53 (230) 45 (

Floor No Height Branch Flow Branch Flow Branch Fm Pressure Pressure Pressure

Bar l/min Bar l/min Bar

18 63.0 9.7 249 6.5 587 4.7

17 59.5 10.0 253 6.7 596 4.8

16 56.0 10.4 257 6.9 606 5.0

15 52.5 10.7 261 7.2 616 5.1

14 49.0 11.0 265 7.4 625 5.3

13 45.5 11.3 269 7.6 634 5.4

12 42.0 11.6 273 7.8 643 5.6

11 38.5 12.0 277 8.0 652 5.8

10 35.0 12.3 280 8.3 661 5.99 31.5 12.6 284 8.5 670 6.1

8 28.0 12.9 288 8.7 678 6.2

7 24.5 13.3 291 8.9 687 6.4

6 21.0 13.6 295 9.1 695 6.6

5 17.5 13.9 298 9.4 704 6.7

4 14.0 14.2 302 9.6 712 6.9

3 10.5 14.6 305 9.8 720 7.0

2 7.0 14.9 308 10.0 728 7.2

1 3.5 15.2 312 10.3 737 7.4

NOTES:1. Pump: Godiva WT30/10 (LP Stage)2. Pump speed: 3600 r/min3. Pump to riser inlet hoses: 2 parallel 70 mm ND × 25 m length

4. Riser 100 mm ND5. Outlet to Branch hose: 51 mm ND hose, 3 × 25 m long6. Riser equivalent length: 20 m + Fittings + Height7. Branch elevation – riser outlet height = 0 m



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Table A.2.3 Branch pressures vs. outlet heights for 70 mm BS 6391 Hose of 3 x 25 length

Branch SRDB No, (k factor)

46 (80) 53 (230)

Floor No Height Branch Flow Branch Flowm Pressure Pressure

Bar l/min Bar l/min

18 63.0 10.2 256 8.9 686

17 59.5 10.6 260 9.2 697

16 56.0 10.9 264 9.5 70915 52.5 11.2 268 9.8 720

14 49.0 11.6 277 10.1 731

13 45.5 11.9 276 10.4 742

12 42.0 12.2 280 10.7 753

11 38.5 12.6 284 11.0 763

10 35.0 12.9 288 11.3 774

9 31.5 13.3 291 11.6 784

8 28.0 13.6 295 11.9 794

7 24.5 13.9 299 12.2 804

6 21.0 14.3 302 12.5 815

5 17.5 14.6 306 12.9 824

4 14.0 15.0 309 13.2 834

3 10.5 15.3 313 13.5 844

2 7.0 15.6 316 13.8 854

1 3.5 16.0 320 14.1 863

NOTES:1. Pump: Godiva WT30/10 (LP Stage)2. Pump speed: 3600 r/min3. Pump to riser inlet hoses: 2 parallel 70 mm ND × 25 m length4. Riser 100 mm ND5. Outlet to Branch hose: 70 mm ND hose, 3 × 25 m long6. Riser equivalent length: 20 m + Fittings + Height7. Branch elevation – riser outlet height = 0 m


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The maximum elevation of rising main outlet which if supplied by a BS EN specication re appliance pump is capable to delivering 4 bars pressure atbranch when supplied through three lengths of British standard BS 6391:19

and 70 mm hose connected to the riser outlet, with the reghting branch o same oor as the rising main outlet.

Table A.4 Maximum branch elevation to deliver 4.0 bar pressureHose size Branch Branch Maximum branch Branch

SRDB No k factor elevation

mm m

70 46 80 126.0

70 53 230 119.0

70 45 330 112.0

51 46 80 122.5

51 53 230 101.5

51 45 330 73.5

45 46 80 122.5

45 53 230 77.0

45 45 330 24.5

NOTES:1. Pump: Godiva WT30/10 (LP Stage)2. Pump speed: 3600 r/min3. Pump to riser inlet hoses: 2 parallel 70 mm ND × 25 m length4. Riser 100 mm ND5. Outlet to Branch hose: 70 mm ND hose, 3 × 25 m long6. Riser equivalent length: 20 m + Fittings + Height7. Branch elevation – riser outlet height = 0 m8. Branch elevations calculated to nearest oor level.

Cal


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The two sets of calculations for the 3.5 m and 7.0 m heights are represented by a single dset due to the similarity of the results.

Table A.5 Maximum branch elevation to deliver 4.0 bar pressure

Hose size Branch Branch Maximum branch Branch pressure FloSRDB No k factor elevation

mm m Bar

70 46 80 126 4.1

70 53 230 119 4

70 45 330 108.5 4.1

51 46 80 122.5 4.1

51 53 230 94.5 4.1

51 45 330 59.5 4.1

45 46 80 119 4.1

45 53 230 63 4.1

45 45 330 0 4

NOTES:1. Pump: Godiva WT30/10 (LP Stage)2. Pump speed: 3600 r/min3. Pump to riser inlet hoses: 2 parallel 70 mm ND × 25 m length4. Riser 100 mm ND5. Outlet to Branch hose: 70 mm ND hose, 4 × 25 m long6. Riser equivalent length: 20 m + Fittings + Height7. Branch elevation – riser outlet height = 3.5 and 7.0 m8. Branch elevations calculated to nearest oor level.



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The maximum elevation of rising main outlet which if supplied by a BS EN specication re appliance pump is capable to delivering 2 bars pressure atbranch when supplied through three lengths of British standard BS 6391:19connected to the riser outlet, with the reghting branch operating on the srising main outlet.

Table A.6. The maximum branch elevation to deliver 2.0 bar pressure at the branch

Branch No

46

53

45

NOTES:1. Pump: Godiva WT30/10 (LP Stage)2. Pump speed: 3600 r/min3. Pump to riser inlet hoses: 2 parallel 70 mm ND × 25 m length4. Riser 100 mm ND5. Outlet to Branch hose: 45 mm ND hose, 3 × 25 m long6. Riser equivalent length: 20 m + Fittings + Height7. Branch elevation – riser outlet height = 0 m8. Branch elevations calculated to nearest oor level.

Cal


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Four lengths of hose were used for calculation purposes.

Table A.7. The maximum branch elevation to deliver 2.0 bar pressure

Hose size Branch elevation – riser Maximum branch elevationoutlet height m

Branch No

m m 46 53

70 3.5 147 143.5

70 7 147 143.5

51 3.5 143.5 129.5

51 7 143.5 129.5

45 3.5 143.5 115.5

45 7 143.5 115.5

NOTES:1. Pump: Godiva WT30/10 (LP Stage)2. Pump speed: 3600 r/min3. Pump to riser inlet hoses: 2 parallel 70 mm ND × 25 m length4. Riser 100 mm ND5. Outlet to Branch hose: 45 mm ND hose, 4 × 25 m long6. Riser equivalent length: 20 m + Fittings + Height7. Branch elevation – riser outlet height = 3.5 m and 7.0 m8. Branch elevations calculated to nearest oor level.


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Cal


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Table A.9.1 Maximum pressures at re ghting branches for 70 mm ND hose

Proposal Riser outlet Branch pressure Branch elevation 25 mItem pressure bar bar above outlet h

Branch no (k factor)m

46 (80) 53 (230) 45 (330)

A.8 4 3.94 3.52 3.12 0

A.8 5 4.92 4.4 3.9 0

A.9 4 3.58 3.11 2.69 3.5

A.9 5 4.56 3.96 3.42 3.5 A.9 4 3.24 2.82 2.43 7

A.9 5 4.22 3.67 3.17 7



Branch nom

46 53 45

A.8 4 3.74 2.55 1.84 0

A.8 5 4.68 3.19 2.3 0

A.9 4 3.35 2.09 1.44 3.5

A.9 5 4.27 2.66 1.83 3.5 A.9 4 3.04 1.89 1.3 7

A.9 5 3.95 2.46 1.69 7



Branch nom

46 53 45

A.8 4 3.52 1.88 1.2 0


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Cal


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Calculation of the maximum elevations where 4 bars pressure is available at a reghtingbranch when supplied through British standard 45 mm, 51 mm and 70 mm hose connecteto a BS EN 1028-1 specication re appliance pump.

The method described in Appendix A.10 has also been used for Item 11. The branch preshas been increased to 4 bar.

Table A.11.3 Branch elevations for 45 mm ND Hose, 4 bar branch pressure

Branch no 46 53 45

Pump Branch Branch Branch Branch Branch Brapressure pressure elevation pressure elevation pressure elevation


Branch no 46 53 45

Pump Branch Branch Branch Branch Branch Brapressure pressure elevation pressure elevation pressure elevation

bar bar m bar m bar

16.6 4.23 125 4.14 118 4

10 4.05 60 4.14 54 4.06

7 4.01 30 4.05 26 4.06


Branch no 46 53 45

Pump Branch Branch Branch Branch Branch Bra

pressure pressure elevation pressure elevation pressure elevationbar bar m bar m bar

16.6 4.07 123 4.05 97 4.24

10 4.03 58 4.03 45 4.05

7 4.06 28 4.03 22 4.18



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Calculation of the maximum elevations where 2 bars pressure is available abranch when supplied through British standard 45 mm, 51 mm and 70 mmto a High pressure pump - specication to be supplied.

The calculations have been undertaken using the HFS-3000 submersible psee Appendix D, for details. The calculation method is identical to that use

Table A.12 The maximum branch elevation to deliver 2.0 bar branch pressure

Hose ND Bramm

45

51

70

NOTES1. Pump: HFS-3000 submersible pump;2. Pump speed 2100 r/min;3. Pump to riser inlet hoses: 2 parallel 70 mm ND × 25 m length;4. Riser 100 mm ND5. Outlet to branch hose: as detailed in table;6. Branch No 53 (k = 230);7. Riser equivalent length: 20 m + Fittings + Height;8. Branch elevation – riser outlet height = 0 m9. Branch elevations calculated to nearest oor level.

Cal


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Calculation of the maximum elevations where 4 bars pressure is available at a reghtingbranch when supplied through British standard 45 mm, 51 mm and 70 mm hose connecteto a High pressure pump - specication to be supplied.

The calculations have been undertaken using the HFS-3000 submersible pump performansee Appendix D, for details. The calculation method is identical to that used for

Appendix A.10.

Table A.13 The maximum branch elevation to deliver a 4.0 bar branch pressure

Hose ND Branch elevationmm m

45 56

51 78

70 96NOTES1. Pump: HFS-3000 submersible pump;2. Pump speed 2100 r/min;3. Pump to riser inlet hoses: 2 parallel 70 mm ND × 25 m length;4. Riser 100 mm ND5. Outlet to branch hose: as detailed in table;6. Branch No 53 (k = 230);7. Riser equivalent length: 20 m + Fittings + Height;

8. Branch elevation – riser outlet height = 0 m9. Branch elevations calculated to nearest oor level.


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Appendix B – Typical equivalentlengths of ttings and valves

Typical equivalent lengths of ttings and valvesExtracted from BS 5306: Part 2, Table 37

Fittings and valves Equivalent length of medium grade steel pipe (in m) to BS 138

Nomin

100m

90º Screwed elbow 3.04

90º Welded elbow 1.43(r/d = 1.5)

45º Screwed elbow 1.61

Standard screwed tee or cross (ow through branch) 6.10Gate valve (anged tting) 0.81

Buttery valve (anged tting) 4.56

Globe valve – straightway (anged tting) 34.48

Equivalent lengths can be converted as necessary for pipes of other C values by multiplyinfactors

C value 100 110 1

Factor 0.714 0.850 1

NOTE: Equivalent length data may also be obtained from suppliers data sheets.


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Appendix C – Pump performancecurves – Godiva WT30/10

Appendix C.1: Godiva WT30/10 Pump curves

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

T o t a l h e a

d ( B A R )

1000 2000 3000 4000Flowrate (L/MIN)

200 400 600 800 1000

400 600 800 1000 1

1200

For test conditionssee DS 474

1 3 0 K w

1 2 0 K w

1 1 0 K w

1 0 0 K w

9 0 K w 8 0 K w

7 0 K w

6 0 K w

5 0 K w

4 0 K w

3 0 K w

2 0 K w

3600 rpm

3200 rpm

2800 rpm

2400 rpm

LIFT: – 7.5m 3.0m 0.8m

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE OFWORLD SERIES WT30/10 PUMP (L.P. STAGE)

IMPELLERDIAMETERSUCTION

DIAMETER

ISDACU

DA

ø 280 mm

ø 122 mm



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Appendix C.2: Godiva WT30/10 Pump performance nudata

Godiva WT30/10 3600rpmFLOW100 16.6500 16.61000 16.451500 16.25

2000 15.552500 14.63000 13.43500 11.954000 10.14500 0

LIFT 21900 7.53100 3.0

Godiva WT30/10 3200rpmFLOW100 13.25500 13.151000 12.951500 12.6

2000 11.912500 10.983000 9.763500 8.24000 5.714500 0

LIFT 21900 7.53100 3.0

Godiva WT30/10 2800rFLOW9050010001500

20002500300035003700

LIFT 219003100

Godiva WT30/10 2400rFLOW70500100015002000

25003000

LIFT 11900


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Appendix D: Pump performance

curves – HFS-3000 Submersible pump

Appendix D.1 HFS 3000 standard impeller pump performancecurves

Appendix D.2 HFS-3000 HiFlow impeller pump performancecurves

QH curve HFS-3000 standard impeller

0,00

2,00

4,006,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

14,00

16,00

0 5 0

0 1 0

0 0 1 5

0 0 2 0

0 0 2 5

0 0 3 0

0 0 3 5

0 0 4 0

0 0 4 5

0 0 5 0

0 0

Flow (l/min)

W a t e r p r e s s u r e

( b a r

)1300

1500

1700

19002100

QH-curve HFS-3000 HiFlow Impeller

10,00

12,00

(b a r

)

This project was carried out for the Building Disaster Assessment Group in the Ofce of the Deputy Prime Minister. This group was established to consider the issues, for reauthorities and their re and rescue services in the UK, thathave been highlighted by the World Trade Centre incident of


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have been highlighted by the World Trade Centre incident of 11th September 2001. This report provides an insight intothe limitations of re ghting rising mains complying with BS5306: Part 1, with specied re appliance pumps in specicscenarios.

Price £13.00

ISBN 1 85112 763 1 9 7 8 1 8 5 1 1 2 76 3 4

I S B N 1 - 8 5 11 2 - 7 6 3 - 1

Wet Riser Hydraulic Calculation

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