Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River...

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Westward Expansion Westward Expansion Chapter 13 Chapter 13

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Transcript of Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River...

Page 1: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Westward Westward ExpansionExpansionChapter 13Chapter 13

Page 2: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

The WestThe West

““The West” was The West” was anywhere between anywhere between the Mississippi River the Mississippi River and the Pacific and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Ocean-That was the Western FrontierWestern Frontier

Because it was hard Because it was hard to farm in the Great to farm in the Great Plains, the land was Plains, the land was used for used for TransportationTransportation

The Northwest had The Northwest had fertile landsfertile lands

Page 3: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

The WestThe West The Southwest was owned The Southwest was owned

by Mexico, and was part of by Mexico, and was part of the Spanish Borderlands. the Spanish Borderlands. People in these areas were People in these areas were

only allowed to trade with only allowed to trade with SpainSpain

This area has a distinct This area has a distinct cultureculture

Page 4: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

The WestThe West Spanish missionaries like Spanish missionaries like

Junipero Serro tried to Junipero Serro tried to turn Native Americans turn Native Americans into Catholicsinto Catholics Natives were forced Natives were forced

to live and work at to live and work at missions, may died missions, may died from overwork or from overwork or diseasedisease

Buildings were and Buildings were and are still made with a are still made with a similar look similar look

Page 5: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 6: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

The WestThe West In 1821, Mexico In 1821, Mexico

won their won their independence from independence from SpainSpain

Mexico made land Mexico made land grants to rancheros grants to rancheros and removed and removed missionariesmissionaries

Because the land Because the land given often given often belonged to the belonged to the Natives, the Indians Natives, the Indians raided ranchesraided ranches

Page 7: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

The WestThe West America had been interested in Westward America had been interested in Westward

ExpansionExpansion They began to believe in Manifest Destiny, which was They began to believe in Manifest Destiny, which was

the idea that the country should go from the Atlantic to the idea that the country should go from the Atlantic to

the Pacific.the Pacific.

Page 8: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 9: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Trails to the West Trails to the West

There were many There were many trails to the westtrails to the west

In 1821, Captain In 1821, Captain William Becknell led William Becknell led a wagon train from a wagon train from Missouri to New Missouri to New MexicoMexico

This was 800 miles This was 800 miles long and was called long and was called the Santa Fe Trail, it the Santa Fe Trail, it was very popularwas very popular

Page 10: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 11: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 12: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Trails to the West Trails to the West

John Jacob Astor John Jacob Astor established the established the American Fur American Fur Company in 1808 in Company in 1808 in Oregon after he Oregon after he traveled theretraveled there

He used information He used information the Lewis and Clark the Lewis and Clark createdcreated

Page 13: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Trails to the West Trails to the West Mountain men became Mountain men became

famous.famous. They led isolated They led isolated

lives in the bitter lives in the bitter cold, intense heat cold, intense heat animal attacksanimal attacks

Trappers would bring Trappers would bring their furs to a their furs to a rendezvous where rendezvous where the mountain men the mountain men would come together would come together and bargain for the and bargain for the prices of fursprices of furs

Page 14: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 15: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Trails to the West Trails to the West The first people to The first people to built permanent built permanent homes in Oregon homes in Oregon were missionarieswere missionaries

Marcus and Marcus and Narcissa Whitman Narcissa Whitman tried to help the tried to help the natives, but in reality natives, but in reality land was simply land was simply stolen from the stolen from the natives.natives.

When people heard When people heard there was good there was good land, more settlers land, more settlers camecame

This started This started “Oregon Fever”“Oregon Fever”

Page 16: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Trails to the West Trails to the West Most settlers Most settlers

followed the Oregon followed the Oregon Trail Trail

This trail was 2,000 This trail was 2,000 miles from Missouri miles from Missouri to Oregon, and it to Oregon, and it took 5 months to took 5 months to complete.complete.

Pioneers banded Pioneers banded together for together for protection-Wagons protection-Wagons carried supplies carried supplies while the people while the people walkedwalked People began to People began to

get rid of personal get rid of personal items to make the items to make the wagons lighterwagons lighter

Page 17: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 18: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Trails to the West Trails to the West

Working with only Working with only hand tools, people hand tools, people had to clear land, had to clear land, plant crops and plant crops and build sheltersbuild shelters

Diseases, accidents Diseases, accidents and natural and natural disasters were disasters were common. common.

Sine setters even Sine setters even gave up and gave up and returned eastreturned east

Page 19: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Trails to the West Trails to the West Women worked Women worked

with men to make with men to make their family farms their family farms successfulsuccessful

Women also Women also fought for the fought for the right to voteright to vote

In 1869, the In 1869, the Wyoming territory Wyoming territory was the first that was the first that

let women votelet women vote

Page 20: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 21: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Trails to the West Trails to the West

Natives had an Natives had an uneasy peace with uneasy peace with the whitesthe whites

After gold was After gold was discovered in discovered in Oregon in 1850, Oregon in 1850, white and Chinese white and Chinese miners came into miners came into the areathe area

War broke out with War broke out with

the Nativesthe Natives

Page 22: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico Conflict between Mexico and Conflict between Mexico and

the Americans in Texasthe Americans in Texas Americans were moving to Texas, Americans were moving to Texas,

and they were Protestant, not and they were Protestant, not CatholicCatholic

The Americans were bringing The Americans were bringing slaves, which was outlawed in slaves, which was outlawed in MexicoMexico

The Mexican democracy was The Mexican democracy was overturned by Santa Anna, and he overturned by Santa Anna, and he turned it to a dictatorshipturned it to a dictatorship

In 1836, the Texans declared In 1836, the Texans declared independence from Mexico and independence from Mexico and created the Republic of Texascreated the Republic of Texas

Page 23: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 24: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico Santa Anna attacked Santa Anna attacked

the Alamothe Alamo The Americans defended The Americans defended

it for 12 days until the it for 12 days until the Mexicans took overMexicans took over

A few months later, Sam A few months later, Sam Houston, led a small Houston, led a small army to attack Santa army to attack Santa Anna’s armyAnna’s army

They captured the leader They captured the leader and signed a treaty that and signed a treaty that gave Texas gave Texas

independence.independence.

Page 25: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 26: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico

Sam Houston Sam Houston became the became the President of the President of the Republic of TexasRepublic of Texas

He hoped that the He hoped that the United States would United States would Annex TexasAnnex Texas

Initially they were Initially they were not annexed not annexed because there was because there was no free state to no free state to balance thembalance them

Page 27: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico

President John President John Tyler asked Tyler asked congress to annex congress to annex Texas 3 days Texas 3 days before he left his before he left his presidencypresidency

Although Santa Although Santa Anna had signed a Anna had signed a treaty, Mexico treaty, Mexico claimed that it was claimed that it was not truly a treatynot truly a treaty

Page 28: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico

President James K. Polk offered to pay President James K. Polk offered to pay Mexico for the border of Texas and to pay Mexico for the border of Texas and to pay for Californiafor California

This angered MexicoThis angered Mexico This began a war with MexicoThis began a war with Mexico This was called the Mexican American WarThis was called the Mexican American War

Most Americans supported the warMost Americans supported the war But Northerners said it was about extending slaveryBut Northerners said it was about extending slavery

Page 29: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico Polk sent troops to New Polk sent troops to New

Mexico and to CaliforniaMexico and to California Settlers in California Settlers in California

declared themselves an declared themselves an independent republicindependent republic They rose a grizzly bear They rose a grizzly bear

flag flag

Although Mexico tried to Although Mexico tried to defend California and defend California and New Mexico, they did not New Mexico, they did not have the troops have the troops

Page 30: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico

General Zachary General Zachary Taylor invaded Taylor invaded Mexico, the Mexico, the Americans invaded Americans invaded and took over the and took over the capitalcapital

The Americans had The Americans had won the warwon the war

Page 31: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

Conflict with Mexico Conflict with Mexico

The treaty that ended the war was the The treaty that ended the war was the Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo They won the Mexican Cession which included They won the Mexican Cession which included

California, Nevada and Utah as well as part of California, Nevada and Utah as well as part of Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona and New MexicoWyoming, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico

They had also had the Gadsden Purchase which They had also had the Gadsden Purchase which made Manifest Destiny completemade Manifest Destiny complete

Page 32: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 33: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 34: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

A Rush to the West A Rush to the West

People of the Mormon religion began to move People of the Mormon religion began to move west to Utah, eventually they founded the city of west to Utah, eventually they founded the city of Salt Lake CitySalt Lake City

The Church was founded in 1830 by Joseph SmithThe Church was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith One thing that was controversial was that some people One thing that was controversial was that some people

believed in polygamybelieved in polygamy The Mormons moved from New York to Ohio, then to The Mormons moved from New York to Ohio, then to

Missouri, then Illinois where Smith was murderedMissouri, then Illinois where Smith was murdered Brigham Young moved the Mormons to Salt Lake City Brigham Young moved the Mormons to Salt Lake City

Utah.Utah.

Page 35: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

A Rush to the West A Rush to the West

Mormons and the government of the Mormons and the government of the United States had conflict for 3 reasonsUnited States had conflict for 3 reasons

Mormon church controlled the election process Mormon church controlled the election process in Utahin Utah

The Church only supported businesses for The Church only supported businesses for people that were Mormonpeople that were Mormon

PolygamyPolygamy

Page 36: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

A Rush to the West A Rush to the West

It took 40 years to work out these issues, It took 40 years to work out these issues, Utah became a state in 1896Utah became a state in 1896

In 1848, James Marshall found a gold In 1848, James Marshall found a gold nugget in a ditch in Californianugget in a ditch in California

80,000 “forty-niners’ ran to California to search 80,000 “forty-niners’ ran to California to search for goldfor gold

There was both gold above ground and below There was both gold above ground and below ground and it the waterground and it the water

Page 37: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 38: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

A Rush to the West A Rush to the West

People were fighting over water rights because People were fighting over water rights because the gold would move with the waterthe gold would move with the water

Because of the people moving west, towns Because of the people moving west, towns sprang upsprang up There were vigilantes in these townsThere were vigilantes in these towns

The women who went to California mined, ran The women who went to California mined, ran and worked in boarding houses, hotels, and worked in boarding houses, hotels, restaurants, laundries and storesrestaurants, laundries and stores

Page 39: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

A Rush to the West A Rush to the West

There was gold found in Idaho, Montana, There was gold found in Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Arizona and NevadaColorado, Arizona and Nevada

All different types of people went to All different types of people went to CaliforniaCalifornia

People from Europe, Asia, Australia and South People from Europe, Asia, Australia and South AmericaAmerica

Page 40: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 41: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 42: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier
Page 43: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

A Rush to the West A Rush to the West

Men from China came to America in hopes that Men from China came to America in hopes that they could send home moneythey could send home money

They faced prejudiceThey faced prejudice They could not get jobs in mines, they had to cook or They could not get jobs in mines, they had to cook or

do laundry, work on railroads or farmsdo laundry, work on railroads or farms

Page 44: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

A Rush to the West A Rush to the West

Thousands of free African Americans Thousands of free African Americans moved to Californiamoved to California

They had their own churches, and news papersThey had their own churches, and news papers They ran their own businesses They ran their own businesses But they did not have equal rightsBut they did not have equal rights

Page 45: Westward Expansion Chapter 13. The West “The West” was anywhere between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean-That was the Western Frontier

A Rush to the West A Rush to the West

Natives had their lands stolenNatives had their lands stolen Nearly 2/3 of the Natives that lived in California Nearly 2/3 of the Natives that lived in California

died during the Gold rushdied during the Gold rush


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Westward Ho!: Settling of the American WEst

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The Westward Movement

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