Westward Expansion

Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion1820s-1850IntroductionTexasEarly SettlementTexas WarManifest DestinyPolk and TexasOregonJoint OccupationOregon TreatyCaliforniaBackgroundMexican WarConclusionThemesExpansion of U.S. TerritoryManifest Destiny

Westward Expansion

Size of the U.S.1790900,000 Sq Mi18503,000,000 Sq MiWestward Expansion1820s-1850IntroductionTexasEarly SettlementTexas WarManifest DestinyPolk and TexasOregonJoint OccupationOregon TreatyCaliforniaBackgroundMexican WarConclusionLatin American Indepedence

Early Settlement and Texas

In early 1820s about 3,000 illegal immigrants lived in MexicoMexico Government: Passed Mexican Colonization Law:Goal immigrants would become loyal Mexican CitizensMexican Colonization LawAmericans immigrants could receive a league (4,400 acres for grazing) and labor (170 acres of farmland) of land if theyBecame Mexican citizensObey Mexican lawsMexico outlawed slaveryConvert to Catholicism

Texas ColonizersStephen AustinAn empresarioEmpresarios moved Am. Families to MexicoAgents received land grants in return for recruiting settlersOver 35,000 Am. moved to TX by 1835

Check Up!Reasons Americans Moved to TexasReasons Texans opposed Mexican CitizenshipWestward Expansion1820s-1850IntroductionTexasEarly SettlementTexas WarManifest DestinyPolk and TexasOregonJoint OccupationOregon TreatyCaliforniaBackgroundMexican WarConclusionMexican GovernmentGoal of Texans More autonomyGoal of Santa Anna Limit the power of Mexican statesResults Texas War for Independence began in October 2, 1835 Texas War for Independence

Texans vs. MexicoSam Houston led Texan ArmySome Am. volunteered for TX army, but the U.S. gov. did not get involved.Texas War for IndependenceMajor BattlesAlamo 187 Texans vs. 5,000 MexicansGoliad Texan POWs were killedSan Jacinto Texans defeated Santa Anna and won independence

Lone Star RepublicTexans had won their independence and attempted to join the U.S.From 1836-1845 Texas was an independent nation: Lone Star RepublicSam Houston became the first President

Lone Star RepublicTexans had won their independence and attempted to join the U.S.From 1836-1845 Texas was an independent nation: Lone Star RepublicSam Houston became the first President

Westward Expansion1820s-1850IntroductionTexasEarly SettlementTexas WarManifest DestinyPolk and TexasOregonJoint OccupationOregon TreatyCaliforniaBackgroundMexican WarConclusionManifest DestinyManifest Destiny (1840s)The nations obvious destiny was that it expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny (1840s)The nations obvious destiny was that it expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Check Up!- Is this concept and John OSullivans quote in line with the founding principles of the U.S.

Our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federative self-government entrusted to us.John L. OSullivanPresidential Election of 1844 and Manifest Destiny

James PolkPromisedAcquire Oregon, Texas and CaliforniaRetire after one term as PresidentAfter his election but prior to his inauguration Texas is admitted into the UnionWestward Expansion1820s-1850IntroductionTexasEarly SettlementTexas WarManifest DestinyPolk and TexasOregonJoint OccupationOregon TreatyCaliforniaBackgroundMexican WarConclusionOregonOregon was jointly occupied by G.B. and the U.S.Americans outnumbered the BritishPolks Slogan54 40 or fightNegotiated with Great Britain for the Oregon Treaty of 1846

Westward Expansion1820s-1850IntroductionTexasEarly SettlementTexas WarManifest DestinyPolk and TexasOregonJoint OccupationOregon TreatyCaliforniaBackgroundMexican WarConclusion

Polk tried to purchase California, New Mexico, and gain recognition of U.S. sovereignty over TexasMexico refused to meet to discuss the dealPolk sent troops under Zachary TaylorAmericans troops were attackedCongress declared war in May of 1846Opposition to the WarWeakened Congressional power to declare warThreat of the expansion of slavery to new areasWar of conquest

The Ethics of a War of ConquestWhigs: Mr. Polks WarA most unrighteous war.John Quincy AdamsSpot ResolutionsAbraham LincolnThespot resolutionswere offered in theUnited States House of Representativeson 22 December 1847 byAbraham Lincoln,Whigrepresentative fromIllinois. The resolutions requested PresidentJames K. Polkto provide Congress with the exact location (the "spot") upon which blood was spilt on American soil, as Polk had claimed in 1846 when asking Congress to declarewar on Mexico. So persistent was Lincoln in pushing his "spot resolutions" that some began referring to him as "spotty Lincoln." Lincoln's resolutions were a direct challenge to the validity of the president's words, and representative of an ongoing political power struggle between Whigs andDemocrats. It was a war of aggression, of invasion, of conquest, of rapine marked by ruffianism, perfidy, and every other feature of national depravity.William Lloyd GarrisonWestward Expansion1820s-1850IntroductionTexasEarly SettlementTexas WarManifest DestinyPolk and TexasOregonJoint OccupationOregon TreatyCaliforniaBackgroundMexican WarConclusionMexican War1846-1848Polk and his allies supported the warBut many in the U.S. were opposedWeakened Congressional power to declare warThreat of the expansion of slavery to new areasWar of Conquest?Abraham Lincoln, a young H.R. from Illinois spoke out against the war.

Key Battles Mexican War1846-1848

Zachary TaylorMonterrey and Buena VistaStephen KearneyNew MexicoJohn C. FreemontCaliforniaWinfield ScottOccupied Mexico CityConsequence of the Mexican War

13,000 Americans died110 per 1,000 diedExperience for future commanders in the Civil WarRobert E. LeeUlysses S. GrantTreaty of Guadalupe HidalgoRio Grande became border between Mexico and U.S.U.S. received California and territory in SouthwestU.S. gave Mexico $15 millionThe Slave QuestionWould the new territories be open to slavery based on the Missouri Compromise?The war with Mexico was one of the most unjust ever waged by a stronger against a weaker nation, and the Civil War was our punishmentUlysses S. Grant

CauseEventConsequencesMexican- American WarWestward Expansion1820s-1850IntroductionTexasEarly SettlementTexas WarManifest DestinyPolk and TexasOregonJoint OccupationOregon TreatyCaliforniaBackgroundMexican WarConclusionLinksManifest DestinyMexican War (PBS)Mexican WarJames K. PolkResourceshttp://college.cengage.com/history/lecturepoints/index.html