Westward Expansion 1801-1861

US1.8

The United States adds five territories

Name the territories that were added.

Louisiana TerritoryFloridaTexas

OregonSouthwest Territories (California)

We want more Land!

Between 1801 and 1861,

exploration was encouraged as America underwent vast

territorial expansion and settlement.

New territories added to the US after 1801

• JeffersonJefferson bought land from France (the Louisiana Purchase), which doubled the size of the United States.

• In the Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark expedition, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.

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Lewis and Clark Trail

Florida

• Spain gave Florida to the United States through a treaty.

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Texas

• Texas was added after it became an independent republic.

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1836: Texas declares itself an independent

republic.

Oregon• The Oregon

Territory was divided by the United States and Great Britain.

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Columbia River

California

• War with Mexico resulted in California and the southwest territory becoming part of the United States.

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What European

country explored the southwest?

Test Your Knowledge

Which territory was added to the United States after it became an

independent republic?

A. Texas

B. Louisiana

C. Florida

D. Oregon

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The Oregon Territory was divided by the United States and –

A. Mexico

B. Spain

C. Great Britain

D. Russia

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Identify the territory shaded on the map.

A. FloridaB. CaliforniaC. OregonD. Louisiana

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What factors influenced westward

migration?

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Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward

movement

• Population growth in the eastern states

• Availability of cheap, fertile land

• Economic opportunity, e.g., gold (California Gold Rush), logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves)

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Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward

movement

• Cheaper and faster transportation, e.g., rivers and canals (Erie Canal), steamboats

• Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa Fe)

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Oregon Trail Santa Fe trail

Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward

movement

• Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—The idea that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country

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Test Your Knowledge

Which completes the diagram?

A. Increase in Southern Plantations

B. Canal Building in New England

C. Migration and Expansion Westward

D. Population Growth in Eastern States

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All were factors that led to westward movement of Americans EXCEPT –

A. population growth in eastern states

B. cheap fertile land

C. economic opportunities

D. overland trade routes leading to

Mexico

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How did the inventions affect the lives of

Americans?

Prior to the Civil War,

most industrialization in America

was in the North;

however, the

equipment produced in the North

had an impact on

the farming society in the South.

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New technologies

invented by Eli Whitney

It increased the production of cotton and thus increased the need for slave labor

to cultivate and pick the cotton.

The cotton gin

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Jo Anderson (a slave) and Cyrus McCormick worked to invent the reaper.

The reaper increased the productivity of the American farmer.

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The reaper

The steamboat was improved by

Robert Fulton

It eventually provided faster river transportation that connected Southern

plantations and farms to Northern industries and Western territories

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The steamboat

The steam locomotive provided faster land transportation.

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The steam locomotive

Test Your Knowledge

The reaper -

A. was invented by Eli Whitney

B. increased the productivity of the

American farmer

C. provided improved land transportation

D. provided faster river transportation

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The invention that increased the production of cotton

and thus increased the need for slave labor was the –

A. reaper

B. cotton gin

C. steam locomotive

D. canal

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Social Movements

What group believed that slavery was morally wrong?

What group believed that women and men were created equal?

Abolitionist movementThe abolitionists worked to end

slavery.

• Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of the slaves.

• Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong.• Morally wrong • Cruel and inhumane • A violation of the principles of democracy

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Freedom

Harriet Tubman

• using the master's horse and buggy • heading south if she encountered possible slave hunters • Tubman even carried a gun which she used to threaten the fugitives if they became too tired or decided to turn back, telling them, "You'll be free or die."

Harriet Tubman a former slave used many

techniques to rescue over 300 slaves:

William Lloyd Garrison

Published the anti-slaverynewspaper, the Liberator

Frederick Douglass

A great orator and writer, a leading figure in the abolitionist movement, Frederick Douglass was born into

slavery in Marylandand eventually escaped.

Suffrage movementThe suffrage movement helped women gain

equal rights. • Supporters

declared that “All men and women are created equal.”

• Supporters believed that women were deprived of basic rights.

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Suffrage movement• Denied the right to

vote• Denied educational

opportunities, especially higher education

• Denied equal opportunities in business

• Limited in rights to own property

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Suffrage movement

• The movement was led by strong women who began their campaign before the Civil War and continued after the war had ended.

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Sojourner Truth Former slave delivers

her "Ain't I a Woman?” speech before a

spellbound

audience at a women's rights convention

inAkron, Ohio.

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Susan B. Anthony

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Susan B. Anthony was raised in New York as a Quaker and was a strong advocate of equal right

for women. One of her famous quotes was:

“Men their rights and nothing more; women their rights and nothing less.”

Elizabeth Cady Stanton “Because man and

woman are the complement of one another, we need woman’s thought in national affairs to make safe and stable government.”

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Test Your Knowledge

Abolitionists believed all EXCEPT –

A. slavery was morally wrong

B. slavery was cruel and inhumane

C. slavery was a violation of the

principles of democracy

D. slavery was an economic necessity for the South

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These Americans were –

A. Southern spies

B. weak women

C. Federalists

D. suffragists

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Cultural, economical, and constitutional issues create

bitter divisions between the North and the South. What will happen next?

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The next story in American history Begins…