1. Introduction to Western Civilization

• IS-VNU

Mr. Mike Beard

Session 1

Foundations of Western Civilization Part 1

2. Introduction to Western Civilization

Foundations of Western Civilization

• The Ancient Near East

• Ancient Israel and Judaism

• The Greeks and Romans

3. The Ancient Near East 4. The Ancient Near East The Fertile Crescent 5. The Ancient Near East Mesopotamia

Greek meaning: The Land Between 2 Rivers

• area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

Located in Modern-day Iraq and Turkey

Early Mesopotamian Cultures

• Sumer

• Akkad

• Babylon

• Assyria

6. The Ancient Near East The Mediterranean Sea

Trade

Exchange of ideas, art and culture

7. The Ancient Near East Gbekli Tepe

Discovered in 1994

Oldest known man-made structure

10,000 B.C.

Ancient Temple

Changes current theories about civilization

8. The Ancient Near East Gbekli Tepe

During the time of hunter-gatherers

Previous view: settlements then religion

New view: religion then settlements

9. The Ancient Near East Sumerian Writing

Cuneiform: 1st Western Writing System

About 3300 B.C.E.

Written on clay tablets using a reed stylus

10. The Ancient Near East Babylonian Written Law

Hammurabi - 6 thKing of Babylon

First Written Code of Law

11. The Ancient Near East Mesopotamian Architecture

Ziggurat

• Ancient Temple complex

• Built by Sumerians, Babylonians, Elamites, Akkadians, and Assyrians

12. The Ancient Near East Mesopotamian Art

Carved Stone

Bronze

13. The Ancient Near East Literature & Mythology

Creation Myths

Enma Eli

> Creation was the result of a battle between Marduk and Tiamat

> Humans created to serve the gods

14. The Ancient Near East Literature & Mythology

The Epic of Gilgamesh

• Story of a king who tried to find immortality

• Flood account

Epic of Gilgamesh - Tablet 11 15. The Ancient Near East Sumerian Writing and Stories Video 16. Ancient Israel and Judaism

Patriarch of Israel is Abraham

Abraham promised to become a Great Nation

Abraham's son Isaac receives this promise as well

Abraham and the Angels, Rembrandt 1630 17. Ancient Israel and Judaism

Isaac has a son Jacob

Jacob's name is changed to Israel after he wrestles with God

Jacob's 12 sons form the 12 Tribes of Israel

Jacob Wrestling with the Angel,Eugne Delacroix (1861) 18. Ancient Israel and Judaism

Israel spends 400 years in Egypt as Slaves

19. Ancient Israel and Judaism

Moses called to free Israel from Egypt

After 10 Plagues Pharaoh releases Israel

Israel crosses the Red Sea and wanders for 40 years

Moses And The Burning Bush Byzantine Mosaic Catherine's Monastery 20. Ancient Israel and Judaism

Under Joshua's leadership, Israel conquers Canaan

After Joshua, Israel is ruled by Judges

Saul becomes the 1 stking of Israel

David become king

Solomon builds the Temple in Jerusalem

21. Ancient Israel and Judaism Literature The Torah

Moses Traditionally ascribed to be the Author

First 5 Books of the Jewish Bible / Christian Old Testament

Genres include: Narrative History, Law, Poetry

Moses , Michelangelo, 1513-1515 22. Ancient Israel and Judaism The Torah Creation Video of Genesis 1 23. Ancient Israel and Judaism The Torah The Exodus Video of Exodus Story 24. Ancient Greece

Architecture

Stone Columns

Doric Ionic Corinthian The Parthenon in Athens 25. Ancient Greece Art: Statues

Realistic

Mythological subjects

Laocoon and His Sons 26. Ancient Greece Art: Statues

Religious

Statues of the gods used in temples

Zeus or Poseidon 27. Ancient Greece Art: Statues

Statues to celebrate important events like the Olympics

Discus Thrower 28. Ancient Greece Art: Statues

Statues to honor important people

Homer Socrates 29. Ancient Greece Literature: Homer Epic Poem Set in the Trojan War Tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles. The Iliad 30. Ancient Greece Literature: Homer Epic poemGreek hero Odysseus'long journey home following the fall of Troy.It takes Odysseus ten years to reach Ithaca after the ten-year Trojan War. The Odyssey 31. Ancient Greece Drama

Drama or the Theatre grew out of ritual practices celebrating the god Dionysos

Athens is believed to be the birthplace of the theatre

600 BC, formal lyrics for the dithyramb were written.

Thespis of Attica added an actor who interacted with the chorus

32. Ancient Greece Drama: Tragedy

Not just a sad ending

Meant to teach a moral lesson

Oedipus Rex by Sophocles

33. Ancient Greece Drama: Comedy

Characters are exaggerated stereotypes

Laughable people - some kind of blunder or ugliness which does not cause pain or disaster

Aristophanes

34. Ancient Greece Philosophy 35. Ancient Greece Philosophy The Great Western Philosophers: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Socrates Aristotle Plato 36. Ancient Greece Philosophy Socrates

The Socratic Method

• Teaching through a series of questions

Sentenced to death for Atheism and corrupting the youth of Athens

The Death of Socrates , Jaques-Louis David (1787) 37. Ancient Greece Philosophy Plato

Student of Socrates

Philosophical Dialogues

Founded The Academy in Athens

Believe that Reality exists in the realm of Ideas or Forms

38. Ancient Greece Philosophy Plato's Cave 39. Ancient Greece Philosophy Aristotle

Student of Plato

Multiple Disciplines

Practical Ethics Better to do good than know good

Rejected Plato's theory of forms

Developed the 1 stformalized system of logic

40. Ancient Greece Politics Alexander the Great

Student of Aristotle

Implemented Aristotle's Political Ideas

Conquered Persian Empire

After removing Persians from power in Egypt, he order the city of Alexandria to be built in Egypt.

Spread Greek culture around ANE

41. The Romans

The Legend of Romulus and Remus

Video 42. The Romans Architecture 43. The Romans Architecture 44. The Romans Architecture 45. The Romans Architecture: Apartments 46. The Romans Architecture 47. The Romans Architecture 48. The Romans Architecture 49. The Romans Architecture 50. The Romans Architecture 51. The Romans Architecture 52. The Romans Architecture 53. The Romans Engineering: Arches and Aqueducts 54. The Romans Engineering: Concrete and Paved Roads 55. The Romans Representative Government